Reed parrotbill

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Reed parrotbill
Paradoxornis heudei 2023-2.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Paradoxornithidae
Genus: Paradoxornis
Species:
P. heudei
Binomial name
Paradoxornis heudei
(David, A, 1872)
Synonyms

Calamornis heudei

The reed parrotbill (Paradoxornis heudei) is a species of bird in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is found in Manchuria and eastern China and the Russian Far East. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Contents

The northern subspecies P. h. polivanovi is sometimes regarded as a separate species, the northern parrotbill.

Description

a reed parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei 2023.jpg
a reed parrotbill

The reed parrotbill species is known to have significantly short, wide, and deep bills. [2] The reed parrotbill is the only parrotbill to change its appearance based on whether it's in breeding season. In winter, non-breeding season, the reed parrotbill has a pinkish-cream and ash-gray forehead and neck. [3] This species has streaks of black and warm brown from above its eyes to the tip of its head. [3] The region between its eyes and bill is a little whiter than its forehead. [3] The reed parrotbill has a white-tinted stripe that runs from the base of the bird's beak above its eye, and finishes somewhere towards the rear of the bird's head. [3] Its ears are a similar color to its crown, also known as the top of its head. [3] They have different colored streaks on their body which include black and brown. [3] The streaks become blacker the further down the body. [3] In summer, breeding season, the top of the birds head to the feathers in the upper middle of the back below the neck feathers, are a bluish-gray. [3] The lower end of the feathers are more of a dark chestnut. [3] Their ears are slightly paler, and the sides are a lighter chestnut color than they are in non-breeding season. [3]

Habitat

Reed parrotbills are native to East Asia. [2] Their habitat is known as a reedbed, which is a very wet area of reed plants between water and land. [3] Reed parrotbills rely on reedbeds because it is their natural environment that is home to both their water and food. [3] Recently, the population of this species has been declining due to degradation of reedbeds in their environment. This habitat loss has detrimentally affected the population of reed parrotbills. [4] because it's in the Paradoxornithidae family.

Diet

Reed parrotbills feed on insects, including pancake-shaped insects known as Alceridae. [3] Reed parrotbills cut through reed stems with their bills to obtain food inside, and make very loud noises while doing so. [3] They lack the hind part of the stomach that is responsible for grinding food. [3] Reed parrotbills have a difficult time digesting hard food items because they lack the gizzard muscle. [3]

Breeding

Reed parrotbill are occasionally multi-brooded meaning they raise multiple broods a season. [5] Their first laying season occurs from the middle of May to the middle of July. [5] The second occurs from the middle of July to the middle of August. [5] The third season is from the middle of August to the middle of September. [5] They are typically found in pairs during breeding season. [3] They breed mainly in the summer and in their thick nests located in China. [4] However, their habitats are being taken away because of the re-development in China which causes them to have a loss of ecosystem. [4] This directly connects to their breeding, and has caused it to decline. [4]

Conservation status

The reed parrotbill species is predicted to decline rapidly as a result of degradation of their habitat. [2] They are not threatened globally, it's considered "near threatened". [3] The main threats to their species are associated with clearance of reedbeds and over-harvesting reeds. [3] The population trend is decreasing fast, and there is a continuing decline of mature individuals. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parrotbill</span> Group of birds

The parrotbills are a family, Paradoxornithidae, of passerine birds that are primarily native to East, Southeast and South Asia, with a single species in western North America, though feral populations exist elsewhere. They are generally small birds that inhabit reedbeds, forests and similar habitats. The traditional parrotbills feed mainly on seeds, e.g. of grasses, to which their robust bill, as the name implies, is well-adapted. Members of the family are usually non-migratory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bearded reedling</span> Species of bird

The bearded reedling is a small, long-tailed passerine bird found in reed beds near water in the temperate zone of Eurasia. It is frequently known as the bearded tit or the bearded parrotbill, as it historically was believed to be closely related to tits or parrotbills. Today it is known to lack close relatives and it is the only species in the family Panuridae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashy-throated parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The ashy-throated parrotbill is a parrotbill. In old sources, it may be called Alphonse's crow-tit; though superficially resembling a tit it is not a member of the Paridae. The native range of this species extends from south-west China to northern Vietnam, and it might have become naturalised in one area in Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerdon's babbler</span> Species of bird

Jerdon's babbler is a passerine bird native to wetlands and grasslands of the Indian sub-continent. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1994. It is a member of the genus Chrysomma of the family Paradoxornithidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-breasted parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The black-breasted parrotbill is a 19 cm long, large, thick-billed parrotbill with black patches on the head-sides and throat. Formerly placed with the typical warblers in the Sylviidae, the parrotbills are now considered a distinct family, the Paradoxornithidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The great parrotbill is a bird species the Paradoxornithidae family. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. It was previously placed in a monotypic genus, the Conostoma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fulvous parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The fulvous parrotbill is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae. The species is also known as the fulvous-fronted parrotbill, the fulvous-fronted suthora, and the fulvous-fronted crowtit. The species, along with several others from the genus Suthora, is sometimes placed in the genus Paradoxornis. The species has four subspecies; the nominate subspecies from central Nepal, Bhutan and north-east India; P. f. chayulensis from north India and south China; P. f. albifacies from north Burma and nearby south China, and P. f. cyanophrys from central China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-headed parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The grey-headed parrotbill is a parrotbill in the family Sylviidae and is found in eastern Asia from the Himalayas to Indochina and Hainan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spot-breasted parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The spot-breasted parrotbill is a species of bird in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is found in Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-throated parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The black-throated parrotbill is a parrotbill species often placed with the Old World babblers or in a distinct family Sylviidae, but it actually seems to belong to the distinct family Paradoxornithidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Three-toed parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The three-toed parrotbill is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is endemic to central China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Przevalski's parrotbill</span> Species of bird

Przevalski's parrotbill or the rusty-throated parrotbill, is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is endemic to a small area of central China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-headed parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The rufous-headed parrotbill, or greater rufous-headed parrotbill, is a parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae and is found in eastern Asia from the eastern Himalayas to Indochina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The brown parrotbill is a parrotbill found in the central and eastern Himalayas. It is also known as the brown suthora. This is a 17–19 cm (6.7–7.5 in) long grey-brown bird with a long tail and a characteristic small, yellowish, parrot-like bill. A dark stripe runs above the eyes and along the sides of the crown. The bird moves in small groups and will sometimes join mixed species foraging flocks. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The golden parrotbill is a species of parrotbill in the family Sylviidae. It is found in China, Laos, Japan, Myanmar, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vinous-throated parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The vinous-throated parrotbill is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae; formerly, it was placed in the closely related Sylviidae or Timaliidae. It is found in China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-hooded parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The grey-hooded parrotbill is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The Yunnan parrotbill is a parrotbill in the Old World babbler family. This 10 cm long parrotbill is endemic to China, breeding in northwest Yunnan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-breasted parrotbill</span> Species of bird

The white-breasted parrotbill is a bird species often placed with the Old World babblers or in a distinct family Paradoxornithidae, but it actually seems to belong to the Sylviidae.

The black-headed parrotbill is a bird species often placed with the Old World babblers or in the Sylviidae, but it actually seems to belong to the distinct family Paradoxornithidae.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Paradoxornis heudei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 Xiong, Li-Hu; Lu, Jian-Jian (March 2013). "Exploitation of Reedbeds by Specialist Passerines: Reed Parrotbill and Oriental Reed Warbler". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 125 (1): 165–173. doi:10.1676/12-040.1. ISSN   1559-4491. S2CID   86071330.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Robson, Craig (2021). "Reed Parrotbill (Calamornis heudei), version 1.1". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.reepar3.01.1. S2CID   242146504. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Reed Parrotbill". Red List. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 4 BOULORD, ANTHONY; MEI, ZHANG; TIAN-HOU, WANG; XIAO-MING, WANG; JIGUET, FRÉDÉRIC (September 2012). "Reproductive success of the threatened Reed Parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei in non-harvested and harvested reedbeds in the Yangtze River estuary, China". Bird Conservation International. 22 (3): 339–347. doi: 10.1017/S0959270911000384 . ProQuest   1041966616.