Related Research Articles
MP3 is a coding format for digital audio developed largely by the Fraunhofer Society in Germany under the lead of Karlheinz Brandenburg, with support from other digital scientists in other countries. Originally defined as the third audio format of the MPEG-1 standard, it was retained and further extended—defining additional bit rates and support for more audio channels—as the third audio format of the subsequent MPEG-2 standard. A third version, known as MPEG-2.5—extended to better support lower bit rates—is commonly implemented but is not a recognized standard.
Vorbis is a free and open-source software project headed by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The project produces an audio coding format and software reference encoder/decoder (codec) for lossy audio compression, libvorbis. Vorbis is most commonly used in conjunction with the Ogg container format and it is therefore often referred to as Ogg Vorbis.
FLAC is an audio coding format for lossless compression of digital audio, developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation, and is also the name of the free software project producing the FLAC tools, the reference software package that includes a codec implementation. Digital audio compressed by FLAC's algorithm can typically be reduced to between 50 and 70 percent of its original size and decompresses to an identical copy of the original audio data.
foobar2000 is a freeware audio player for Microsoft Windows, iOS, Android and macOS developed by Peter Pawłowski. It has a modular design, which provides user flexibility in configuration and customization. Standard "skin" elements can be individually augmented or replaced with different dials and buttons, as well as visualizers such as waveform, oscilloscope, spectrum, spectrogram (waterfall), peak and smoothed VU meters, which all of them are analysis-oriented, at least for built-in visualizations. foobar2000 offers third-party user interface modifications through a software development kit (SDK).
ID3 is a metadata container most often used in conjunction with the MP3 audio file format. It allows information such as the title, artist, album, track number, and other information about the file to be stored in the file itself.
Muine is a discontinued audio player for the GNOME desktop environment which runs on Linux, Solaris, BSD and other UNIX-like systems. Muine is written in C# using Mono and Gtk#. The default backend is GStreamer framework but Muine can also use xine libraries.
Audio normalization is the application of a constant amount of gain to an audio recording to bring the amplitude to a target level. Because the same amount of gain is applied across the entire recording, the signal-to-noise ratio and relative dynamics are unchanged. Normalization is one of the functions commonly provided by a digital audio workstation.
Gapless playback is the uninterrupted playback of consecutive audio tracks, such that relative time distances in the original audio source are preserved over track boundaries on playback. For this to be useful, other artifacts at track boundaries should not be severed either. Gapless playback is common with compact discs, gramophone records, or tapes, but is not always available with other formats that employ compressed digital audio. The absence of gapless playback is a source of annoyance to listeners of music where tracks are meant to segue into each other, such as some classical music, progressive rock, concept albums, electronic music, and live recordings with audience noise between tracks.
Music Player Daemon (MPD) is a free and open source music player server. It plays audio files, organizes playlists and maintains a music database. In order to interact with it, a client program is needed. The MPD distribution includes mpc, a simple command line client.
Dialnorm is the metadata parameter that controls playback gain within the Dolby Laboratories Dolby Digital (AC-3) audio compression system. Dialnorm stands for dialog normalization. Dialnorm is an integer value with range 1 to 31 corresponding to a playback gain of -30 to 0 dB (unity) respectively. Higher values afford more headroom and are appropriate for dynamic material such as an action film.
MP3Gain is an audio normalization software tool. The tool is available on multiple platforms and is free software. It analyzes the MP3 and reversibly changes its volume. The volume can be adjusted for single files or as album where all files would have the same perceived loudness. It is an implementation of ReplayGain. In 2015 Debian and Ubuntu removed it from their repositories due to a lack of an active maintainer.
mp3DirectCut is a lossless editor for MP3 audio files, able to provide cuts and crops, copy and paste, gain and fades to audio files without having to decode or re-encode the audio. By modifying the global gain field of each frame of MPEG audio, the volume of that frame can be modified without altering the audio data itself. This allows for rapid, lossless MP3 audio editing that does not degrade the data from re-encoding. mp3DirectCut provides audio normalization and pause (silence) detection, and can split long recordings into separate files based on cue points in the audio, such as those provided by pause detection. mp3DirectCut can also record audio directly to MP3 from the computer's sound card input.
The following comparison of audio players compares general and technical information for a number of software media player programs. For the purpose of this comparison, "audio players" are defined as any media player explicitly designed to play audio files, with limited or no support for video playback. Multi-media players designed for video playback, which can also play music, are included under comparison of video player software.
MusicBee is a freeware media player for playback and organization of audio files on Microsoft Windows, built using the BASS audio library.
Nightingale is a discontinued free, open source audio player based on the Songbird media player source code. As such, Nightingale's engine is based on the Mozilla XULRunner with libraries such as the GStreamer media framework and libtag providing media tagging and playback support, amongst others.
Quod Libet is a cross-platform free and open-source audio player, tag editor and library organizer. The main design philosophy is that the user knows how they want to organize their music best; the software is therefore built to be fully customizable and extensible using regular expressions and boolean logic. Quod Libet is based on GTK and written in Python, and uses the Mutagen tagging library.
AIMP is a freeware audio player for Windows and Android, originally developed by Russian developer Artem Izmaylov. It supports a variety of audio codecs, and includes tools to convert audio files and edit their metadata. It also has the capability of installing user-made skins and plugins.
Puddletag is a graphical audio file metadata editor ("tagger") for Unix-like operating systems.
Qmmp is a free and open-source cross-platform audio player that is similar to Winamp. It is written in C++ using the Qt widget toolkit for the user interface. It officially supports the operating systems Linux, FreeBSD and Microsoft Windows. In most Linux distributions, it is available through the standard package repositories. Until Audacious switched to Qt in version 4.0, qmmp was the only audio player to use Qt and not feature a database.
References
- ↑ David Robinson (2010-12-17), ReplayGain Specification discussion, Hydrogenaudio, retrieved 2011-07-12
- ↑ ReplayGain specification , retrieved 2011-04-15
- ↑ "ReplayGain 1.0 specification", Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase, retrieved 2023-09-17
- ↑ Does Replay gain work differtly in Media monkey, Hydrogenaudio, 2010-10-07, retrieved 2010-12-30
- ↑ Sam Costello, Using Sound Check with iPod, About.com, retrieved 2010-05-11
- ↑ EBU (August 2011), Loudness normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals (PDF)
- ↑ Ian Stewart (October 24, 2019), Mastering for Streaming Platforms: 3 Myths Demystified, iZotope, retrieved 2020-10-28
Media player features pages
- 1 2 "Foobar2000:Preferences:ReplayGain Scanner – Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase", wiki.hydrogenaud.io
- 1 2 Hormann, Matthias C. (2024-01-04), loudgain , retrieved 2024-01-21
- ↑ "Main features and Functions", AIMP for Windows, retrieved 2023-02-25
- ↑ "Main features and functionality", AIMP for Android
- ↑ [lower-alpha 3] [lower-alpha 4]
- ↑ Amarok 2.1 – back to the future, Padoca, 2009-02-15, retrieved 2010-12-30
- ↑ "ReplayGain support (!100) · Merge requests · World / amberol · GitLab". GitLab. 2022-07-25. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- ↑ "YeOldeChangeLog", GitLab
- ↑ beaTunes , retrieved 2023-08-29,
beaTunes allows you to perform the ReplayGain analysis and adjust the standardized, track-specific id3 tags
- ↑ "BTR AMP v13.0 – Volume Normalization – ReplayGain and Sound Check", BTR Labs, 2022-04-07, retrieved 2023-04-06
- ↑ "DeaDBeeF – The Ultimate Music Player", SourceForge , retrieved 2023-04-06
- ↑ "Replay Gain", Quod Libet, retrieved 2023-04-06
- ↑ "Replay Gain Adjustment", JRiverWiki, retrieved 2023-04-06
- ↑ Poupon, Emeric, "Web player: Replaygain support", lms issues, no. 38, retrieved 2024-01-21
- ↑ "Features", Mixxx, retrieved 2023-04-07,
Mixxx reads existing ReplayGain tags and analyzes songs that don't have them.
- ↑ "MP3Gain", Sourceforge, retrieved 2023-04-07,
MP3Gain analyzes and adjusts mp3 files so that they have the same volume.
- ↑ "updated TODO again, making the direction we're heading a bit clearer", GitLab, 2004-02-13
- ↑ MusicBee 2.3, 2014-02-17
- ↑ Giger, Martin, "Normalization?", Nightingale Forum, archived from the original on 2023-05-08, retrieved 2023-05-31,
there is no reference of it being loaded or written to the file
- ↑ "Features", Qmmp, retrieved 2023-06-01,
ReplayGain scanner