Ringball is a traditional South African sport that stems from basketball and has been played since 1907.[1][2] The sport is now promoted in South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, India, and Mauritius to establish Ringball[3] as an international sport. The sport is played by both men and women teams.[4]
Ringball is a non-contact sport[5] played by both men and women teams in separate games. It is similar to the game of netball, korfball and can be played on an all weather, grass, or in-door court. The court is divided into three sections. A team consists of three goal scorers, three centre players, and three defending players. The objective of the game is to throw the ball from one player to another and finally through the ring or hoop of the goalpost. A goalpost is placed at both ends of the court.
Starting positions of players on a Ringball court. The red player in the semicircle holds the ball.
The South African game of ringball is played by two opposing teams consisting of nine players on a side. Three players of each team play in each of the three sections of the court (three goal shooters, three centre players and three defenders). These players may at no time during play, touch ground in any adjacent section, step on or receive the ball over the lines separating the sections.
The ball is passed through the air from player to player and is caught with the hands, such that the ball does not touch any other part of the body. In passing the ball, a player may not move forward or backward, feint a pass, or be in possession of the ball for longer than two seconds during the attempt to pass the ball.
To score, the ball must fall through the ring from above. A goal shooter may attempt to score a goal from any position in the goal section and outside the semicircle. Both hands (from below upwards) must be used when shooting a goal and must be attempted within five seconds from the time the ball is received. When a penalty goal has been awarded, any of the three opposing goal shooters can attempt a goal from any position outside the goal circle. A penalty goal must be attempted within three seconds. A goal shooter can also attempt a penalty from behind the penalty line within three seconds.
Players may try to gain possession of the ball without hitting or snatching the ball from the opponent's hands. Players are not allowed to hold, push away or obstruct their opponents in any manner to prevent them from passing the ball. Two players of the same team may not touch or hold the ball simultaneously. It is an infringement if the ball crosses the section without being touched by a player in that section.
When players of both teams commit a transgression simultaneously, it is called a double fault. The referee then tosses the ball into the air between two opposing players where the transgressions occurred. The two opposing players then attempt to gain possession of the ball by hitting or catching the ball on the descend.
A match consists of two-halves of 25 minutes each with an interval of three minutes. After each successful goal, the players must take up position as shown on the image. The centre player stands in the half circle facing his own goalpost. At the blow of the whistle the ball must be passed to one of the wings within two seconds. It is an infringement when the ball is passed to another section without passing to a wing first.
When the ball goes out of play crossing the outside lines, an opposing player from that section puts the ball into play on the spot where it has left the court.
The team with the highest score at the end of the match is the winning team.
Rules
The Court
1. The court[6][7] is 27 m x 18 m in size and is divided into three equal sections (9 m x 18 m). The two goalposts are situated in the middle of each short side of the court against the outside line. Each goalpost has a steel ring of 450mm in diameter attached at the top, exactly 3 m from the ground. With the goalpost as pivot a half circle (the goal circle) with a radius of 4,5 m is drawn. The penalty line is short line in the goal section 1 m in length and 2 m from the middle inside line directly in line with the middle half circles. The two side sections are called the goal sections and the middle section is called the centre section. Exactly in the middle of the centre section, a circle of 1 m diameter and in the middle of the two inside lines, two half circles with a diameter of 1 m are drawn. On either side of the centre circle two "V”-lines with legs of 1 m long are drawn and this is referred to as the "V”. See the diagram below for the position of the goalposts.
The image indicates the markings on a ringball court for the purpose of discussing the gameplay.
2. All-weather, gravel or grass courts, or adapted netball courts may be used. The surface of the court must be even. Gravel courts must be free of grass and must be well compacted. Slip-free all-weather courts are recommended. Netball courts can be used with minor adjustments.
3. Within a distance of 1,5 m around the court there should be no obstacles such as trees, light poles, walls, fences, wires or steps (also see the spectators section).
4. All lines must be clearly marked in white or yellow. The width of these lines should be between 25mm and 50mm.
5. The goalposts must be of 3 m circular steel pipes with a diameter of 75 – 90mm. The goalposts must be placed in a vertical position in the centre of the 18 m outside line. The inside edge of the goal post must form a tangent with the inside edge of the line.
6. The ring on the goalpost must be of a sturdy round metal bar with a maximum of 18mm thickness and an inside diameter of 350mm. Flat steel rings are not allowed. The ring must be horizontally fixed (level) to the top of the post and should not hop up when the ball bounces on the ring. The rings should be painted white or silver.
7. The nets must be large enough to allow a number 5 ball to pass through and must be correctly fixed to the goal ring. White or yellow nylon nets are recommended. Balls could be shot out when the nets are affixed too tightly.
The Ball
1. A ball made of leather or synthetic material should be used. Rubber balls are not permitted (Wet leather balls and balls inflated too hard stretch while underinflated leather balls stretch at the seams).
2. All teams play with a number 5 ball, with a circumference of between 69 and 71cm and a mass of approximately 450 grams (Balls with loose laces or uneven surfaces are not allowed).
3. The u/9, u/11 and u/13 teams play with a number 4 ball, with a circumference of 64cm.
The Players
1. A ringball team consists of nine players, viz., three goal shooters, three centre players and three defenders. Only three players of a team are allowed in each section.
2. At least eight players of a team must be present at the start of a game. A player who arrives late, is allowed to join the game only when the ball is out of play and with the permission of the referee. No team is allowed to play with seven or less players after the game has started with eight or nine players; e.g. in the event of two players of the same team being disqualified during the match. The team with the disqualified players forfeits the league points and the opposing team wins the match.
3. No player is allowed to leave the court without the permission of the referee.
4. A maximum of three players of a team may be substituted at any time during the match. The substitution player may only join the team when the ball is out of play and with the permission of the referee.
5. In the event of a sick or injured player who is unable to continue play, a substitute may immediately take up his place. A disqualified player may not be substituted.
6. If the injured player only receives treatment and wants to return to continue play, no substitution player may take his position. Play continues with his team consisting of eight players until he is ready to return to his position to continue play.
7. In the event of all three substitutes already participating any of the original players may return to the game. An injured player, if sufficiently recovered, may return at own risk. No new substitutes may be used.
8. Injury time of two minutes is allowed on court. In the event of a serious injury, time must be granted for the player to receive medical treatment on court or to be removed. Injury time shall be added to the half in question.
9. A player experiencing any type of a bleeding must leave the court immediately and can be substituted. As soon as the bleeding has stopped, the player may rejoin the game with the permission of the referee. In the event of the player not returning within five minutes, the substitute will then complete the game.
The Referee
1. A qualified neutral person should officiate at matches as referee.
2. The referee shall enforce the rules and his decision is final. The referee's responsibility comprises, inter alia: a) enforcing the rules and regulate the game uniformly. b) ensuring that the match progresses orderly and obviating irregularities. c) promoting the fluency of the match. d) ensuring that the court and the ball are suitable for play.
3. The referee blows the whistle only: a) to start or end the match. b) after a goal was scored. c) when any infringement of a rule occurs. d) when the ball goes out of play.
4. The referee is ultimately responsible for the time and the score and, after consultation with the scorekeepers concerning the time and score, his decision is final.
5. The referee must verify the time with the linesman during the match.
6. The referee must verify the score during the interval. In the event where all three (referee and two scorekeepers) differ, the referee’s score shall be accepted. When the scores of the two scorekeepers are the same, their score shall be accepted after consultation.
7. An appeal against a referee can only be lodged on the grounds of incompetence and/or for any prejudice against and/or favouritism towards a particular team. Any appeal or objection must be lodged in accordance with the controlling body’s constitution as well as the prescribed instructions.
The Time
1. All matches consist of two periods of 25 minutes each with a half-time interval of three minutes. The teams change ends at half-time.
2. Should there be a tie during semi-final and final games, play will continue – 10 minutes on a side without half-time. Should it happen that it is still a tie after this additional time, the ball will be thrown up by the referee at the centre circle and the team that then scores the first goal, is the winner.
3. Injury time should be added to the specific period of play. (In competitions where a siren is used to control the time for the matches, the competition rules should include rules concerning injury time.)
4. Any intentional time wasting is penalised with a penalty. The following is considered as time wasting: a) Taking time to get ready for the restart of the game b) Changing of players in the event of injury or voluntary substitution c) Putting in of the ball at the outside lines d) For the changing of shoes, clothes, etc. e) Tossing the ball away
5. When time of play has run out, the game can only be ended as soon as the ball goes out of play or when a goal was scored.
The Score
1. A successful goal counts two points.
2. A successful penalty goal counts two points. A goal shooter may attempt a penalty goal from any position outside the goal circle when it is awarded at the first deliberate offence.
3. At the second occurrence of inadmissible play, another penalty is awarded and the offending player is yellow carded.
4. When the same player continuous with inadmissible play, another penaltimy is awarded. The offending player is red carded and disqualified for five minutes.
5. If the goal shooter attempts the penalty from behind the penalty line and is successful, three points are awarded. It is the goal shooter’s own choice to attempt the penalty from behind the penalty line.
6. A warning, yellow or red card can be awarded by the referee even after a goal has been scored.
Officials at a Match
1. The referee
2. Two responsible scorekeepers – one from each team who must present themselves to the referee just before the start of play. Team scorecards are not exchanged and the scorekeepers keep score independently.
3. A linesman. The referee shall be assisted by a linesman with a flag. He assists the referee on the opposite side of the court by indicating when the ball is out of play. He shall thus indicate where and which team has to put the ball into play.
4. The linesman must also assist the referee with time keeping.
Spectators
1. Spectators must remain one metre from the outside lines of the court.
2. Team managers must take up position on the opposite side from where the referee moves and one metre from the outside lines of the court.
3. Spectators are not allowed to interfere or hinder a goal shooter in his attempt to score a goal.
4. The referee is entitled to request any member of the controlling body to remove from the court any spectator or official who misbehaves during the match. The referee can stop the game until such time that the person in question has been removed.
Related Research Articles
Handball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the opposing team. A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes, and the team that scores more goals wins.
Hurling is an outdoor team game of ancient Gaelic Irish origin, played by men. One of Ireland's native Gaelic games, it shares a number of features with Gaelic football, such as the field and goals, the number of players and much terminology. The same game played by women is called camogie, which shares a common Gaelic root.
In many team sports which involve scoring goals, the goalkeeper is a designated player charged with directly preventing the opposing team from scoring by blocking or intercepting opposing shots on goal. Such positions exist in bandy, rink bandy, camogie, association football, Gaelic football, international rules football, floorball, handball, hurling, field hockey, ice hockey, roller hockey, lacrosse, ringette, rinkball, water polo, and shinty as well as in other sports.
Futsal is a football-based game played on a hard court like a basketball court, smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors. It has similarities to five-a-side football and indoor football.
An own goal, also called a self goal or autogoal, is where a player performs actions that result in them or their team scoring a goal on themselves, usually resulting in points for the opposing team, such as when a football player kicks a ball into their own net or goal.
In sport, a goal may refer to either an instance of scoring, or to the physical structure or area where an attacking team must send the ball or puck in order to score points. The structure of a goal varies from sport to sport, and one is placed at or near each end of the playing field for each team to defend. For many sports, each goal structure usually consists of two vertical posts, called goal posts, supporting a horizontal crossbar. A goal line marked on the playing surface between the goal posts demarcates the goal area. Thus, the objective is to send the ball or puck between the goal posts, under or over the crossbar, and across the goal line. Other sports may have other types of structures or areas where the ball or puck must pass through, such as the basketball hoop. Sports which feature goal scoring are also commonly known as invasion games.
A referee is an official, in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The official tasked with this job may be known by a variety of other titles depending on the sport, including umpire, judge, arbiter (chess), commissaire, or technical official. Referees may be assisted by umpires, linesmen, timekeepers, touch judges, or video review officials.
A penalty kick is a method of restarting play in association football, in which a player is allowed to take a single shot at the goal while it is defended only by the opposing team's goalkeeper. It is awarded when an offence punishable by a direct free kick is committed by a player in their own penalty area. The shot is taken from the penalty mark, which is 11 m from the goal line and centred between the touch lines.
Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment. Participants compete in teams of three, and try to throw a ball that has bells embedded inside of it into the opponents' goal. The ball is thrown by hand and never kicked. Using ear-hand coordination, originating as a rehabilitation exercise, the sport has no able-bodied equivalent. Able-bodied athletes are also blindfolded when playing this sport.
Gameplay in American football consists of a series of downs, individual plays of short duration, outside of which the ball is dead or not in play. These can be plays from scrimmage – passes, runs, punts or field goal attempts – or free kicks such as kickoffs and fair catch kicks. Substitutions can be made between downs, which allows for a great deal of specialization as coaches choose the players best suited for each particular situation. During a play, each team should have no more than 11 players on the field, and each of them has specific tasks assigned for that specific play.
The rules of basketball are the rules and regulations that govern the play, officiating, equipment and procedures of basketball. While many of the basic rules are uniform throughout the world, variations do exist. Most leagues or governing bodies in North America, the most important of which are the National Basketball Association and NCAA, formulate their own rules. In addition, the Technical Commission of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) determines rules for international play; most leagues outside North America use the complete FIBA ruleset.
In field hockey, a penalty corner, sometimes known as a short corner, is a penalty given against the defending team. It is predominantly awarded for a defensive infringement in the penalty circle or for a deliberate infringement within the defensive 23-metre area. They are eagerly sought by attacking players and provide an excellent opportunity to score. There are particular rules for that only apply at penalty corners and players develop specialist skills, such as the drag flick, for this particular phase in the game.
Variations of basketball are games or activities based on, or similar in origin to, the game of basketball, in which the player utilizes common basketball skills. Some are essentially identical to basketball, with only minor rules changes, while others are more distant and arguably not simple variations but distinct games. Other variations include children's games, contests or activities intended to help the player practice or reinforce skills, which may or may not have a competitive aspect. Most of the variations are played in informal settings, without the presence of referees or other officials and sometimes without strict adherence to official game rules.
The following terms are used in water polo. Rules below reflect the latest FINA Water Polo Rules.
A comparison of American football and rugby union is possible because of the games' shared origins, despite their dissimilarities.
A comparison of Canadian football and rugby union is possible because of the games' shared origins, despite their dissimilarities.
Netball is a ball sport for two teams of seven players; its rules are published in print and online by the International Netball Federation. Games are played on a rectangular court divided into thirds, with a raised goal at each short end. The objective of the game is for teams to score goals, by passing a ball and shooting it into the opposite team's goal ring. Players are assigned "positions" that define their role within the team and restrict their movement on court.
Circle rules football, commonly referred to as circle rules, is a team sport played between two teams of six with a large spherical ball similar to a stability ball. Invented in New York City in 2006, the sport is currently played in cities across the United States, as well as in several international locations.
The rules of water polo are the rules and regulations which cover the play, procedure, equipment and officiating of water polo. These rules are similar throughout the world, although slight variations do occur regionally and depending on the governing body. Governing bodies of water polo include FINA, the international governing organization for the rules; the NCAA, which govern the rules for collegiate matches in the United States; the NFHS, which govern the rules in high schools in the USA; and the IOC, which govern the rules at Olympic events.
Futsal began in the 1930s in South America as a version of association football, taking elements of its parent game into an indoor format so players could still play during inclement weather. Over the years, both sports have developed, creating a situation where the two sports share common traits while also hosting various differences.
References
↑ Suid-Afrikaanse Korfbalraad Gedenkalbum 75 jaar. Health Wealth Publication (Edms.) Bpk. 1982
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
