Ronald Krauss (medical researcher)

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Ronald Krauss
OccupationProfessor of Pediatrics

Ronald M. Krauss is an American professor of pediatrics, medical researcher and low-carbohydrate diet advocate. [1] [2] He studies genetic, dietary, and hormonal effects on plasma lipoproteins and coronary disease risk.

Contents

Biography

Krauss is Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, UCSF, and Adjunct Professor of Nutritional Sciences, University of California at Berkeley. [1] [2] He received his medical degree at Harvard Medical School and received postdoctoral training at the National Institutes of Health. He is board certified in internal medicine, endocrinology and metabolism. [1]

He has disclosed that he received grants from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association and National Dairy Council. [3] [4] [5] [6] He is also on the scientific advisory board of Virta Health, a company that provides ketogenic diet counselling for people with diabetes. [7] [8]

Krauss is a Fellow of the American Heart Association and member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation. [9]

Views on saturated fat

Krauss disputes the current saturated fat guidelines. [10] [11] [12] Krauss has argued that "the amount of saturated fat that we consume in our diet has a relatively small effect on the saturated fat in our body compared with the amount that is produced from carbohydrates." [13] In a 2016 interview with Mark Hyman, Krauss stated that his research has not found a connection between saturated fat intake and increased heart disease risk and that it is carbohydrates that increase the risk. [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cholesterol</span> Sterol biosynthesized by all animal cells

Cholesterol is any of a class of certain organic molecules called lipids. It is a sterol, a type of lipid. Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells and is an essential structural component of animal cell membranes. When chemically isolated, it is a yellowish crystalline solid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fat</span> Esters of fatty acid or triglycerides

In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of multiple proteins which transport all fat molecules (lipids) around the body within the water outside cells. They are typically composed of 80–100 proteins per particle and transporting up to hundreds of fat molecules per particle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Low-density lipoprotein</span> One of the five major groups of lipoprotein

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein that transport all fat molecules around the body in extracellular water. These groups, from least dense to most dense, are chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL delivers fat molecules to cells. LDL is involved in atherosclerosis, a process in which it is oxidized within the walls of arteries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atherosclerosis</span> Form of arteriosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis in which the wall of the artery develops abnormalities, called lesions. These lesions may lead to narrowing due to the buildup of atheromatous plaque. At onset there are usually no symptoms, but if they develop, symptoms generally begin around middle age. When severe, it can result in coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or kidney problems, depending on which arteries are affected.

A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds. A fat known as a glyceride is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: a short glycerol backbone and fatty acids that each contain a long linear or branched chain of carbon (C) atoms. Along the chain, some carbon atoms are linked by single bonds (-C-C-) and others are linked by double bonds (-C=C-). A double bond along the carbon chain can react with a pair of hydrogen atoms to change into a single -C-C- bond, with each H atom now bonded to one of the two C atoms. Glyceride fats without any carbon chain double bonds are called saturated because they are "saturated with" hydrogen atoms, having no double bonds available to react with more hydrogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mediterranean diet</span> Diet inspired by eating habits of the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean diet is a diet inspired by the eating habits of people who live near the Mediterranean Sea. When initially formulated in the 1960s, it drew on the cuisines of Greece, Italy, France and Spain. In decades since, it has also incorporated other Mediterranean cuisines, such as those in Turkey, the Balkans, the Middle East, North Africa and Portugal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypercholesterolemia</span> High levels of cholesterol in the blood

Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. It is a form of hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, and dyslipidemia.

Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids in the blood. Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ASCVD includes coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. Although dyslipidemia is a risk factor for ASCVD, abnormal levels don't mean that lipid lowering agents need to be started. Other factors, such as comorbid conditions and lifestyle in addition to dyslipidemia, is considered in a cardiovascular risk assessment. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle. Prolonged elevation of insulin resistance can also lead to dyslipidemia. Likewise, increased levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) may cause dyslipidemia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Healthy diet</span> Type of diet

A healthy diet is a diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fibre and food energy.

Hyperlipidemia is abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the blood. The term hyperlipidemia refers to the laboratory finding itself and is also used as an umbrella term covering any of various acquired or genetic disorders that result in that finding. Hyperlipidemia represents a subset of dyslipidemia and a superset of hypercholesterolemia. Hyperlipidemia is usually chronic and requires ongoing medication to control blood lipid levels.

The lipid hypothesis is a medical theory postulating a link between blood cholesterol levels and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. A summary from 1976 described it as: "measures used to lower the plasma lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia will lead to reductions in new events of coronary heart disease". It states, more concisely, that "decreasing blood cholesterol [...] significantly reduces coronary heart disease".

The DASH diet is a dietary pattern promoted by the U.S.-based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to prevent and control hypertension. The DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods. It includes meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and beans, and is limited in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats. In addition to its effect on blood pressure, it is designed to be a well-balanced approach to eating for the general public. DASH is recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a healthy eating plan. The DASH diet is one of three healthy diets recommended in the 2015–2020 US Dietary Guidelines, which also include the Mediterranean diet and a vegetarian diet. The American Heart Association (AHA) considers the DASH diet "specific and well-documented across age, sex and ethnically diverse groups."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Low-fat diet</span>

A low-fat diet is one that restricts fat, and often saturated fat and cholesterol as well. Low-fat diets are intended to reduce the occurrence of conditions such as heart disease and obesity. For weight loss, they perform similarly to a low-carbohydrate diet, since macronutrient composition does not determine weight loss success. Fat provides nine calories per gram while carbohydrates and protein each provide four calories per gram. The Institute of Medicine recommends limiting fat intake to 35% of total calories to control saturated fat intake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western pattern diet</span> Modern dietary pattern

The Western pattern diet is a modern dietary pattern that is generally characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy and sweets, fried foods, conventionally-raised animal products, butter and other high-fat dairy products, eggs, potatoes, corn, and low intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, pasture-raised animal products, fish, nuts, and seeds.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide nutritional advice for Americans who are healthy or who are at risk for chronic disease but do not currently have chronic disease. The Guidelines are published every five years by the US Department of Agriculture, together with the US Department of Health and Human Services. Notably, the most recent ninth edition for 2020–25 includes dietary guidelines for children from birth to 23 months. In addition to the Dietary Guidelines per se, there additional tools for assessing diet and nutrition, including the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) which can be used to assess the quality of a given selection of foods in the context of the Dietary Guidelines. Also provided are additional explanations regarding customization of the Guidelines to individual eating preferences, application of the Guidelines during pregnancy and infancy, the USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, information about the Nutrition Communicators Network and the MyPlate initiative, information from the National Academies about redesigning the process by which the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are created, and information about dietary guidelines from other nations.

The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD), the other being the lipid hypothesis. Although an ongoing debate involving connection between dietary lipids and CHD sometimes portrays the two hypotheses as being opposed, they are in no way mutually exclusive. Moreover, since the discovery of the role of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the two hypotheses have become tightly linked by a number of molecular and cellular processes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seven Countries Study</span>

The Seven Countries Study is an epidemiological longitudinal study directed by Ancel Keys at what is today the University of Minnesota Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene & Exercise Science (LPHES). Begun in 1956 with a yearly grant of US$200,000 from the U.S. Public Health Service, the study was first published in 1978 and then followed up on its subjects every five years thereafter.

Portfolio Diet is a therapeutic vegan diet created by Canadian researcher David J. Jenkins in 2003 to lower blood cholesterol. This diet emphasizes using a portfolio of foods or food components that have been found to associate with cholesterol lowering to enhance this effect. Viscous fiber, soy protein, plant sterols, and nuts are the four essential components of Portfolio diet. This diet is low in saturated fat, high in fibre. Researches have found it has comparable blood cholesterol effect to statin treatment.

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, also known as the TLC Diet, is a dietary pattern recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program, part of the National Institutes of Health, to control hypercholesterolemia. This pattern focuses on saturated fats and cholesterol, dietary options to enhance LDL cholesterol lowering, weight control, and physical activity.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Human Lipoprotein Responses and Cardiovascular Risk". keto-mojo.com. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Ronald Krauss, MD". profiles.ucsf.edu. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  3. ↑ Mangravite, Lara M.; Sally Chiu, Sally; Wojnoonsk, Kathleen; Rawlings, Robin S.; Bergeron, Nathalie; Krauss, Ronald M. (26 Oct 2011), "Changes in Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Induced by Carbohydrate Restriction in Men Are Dependent on Dietary Protein Source", The Journal of Nutrition, American Society for Nutrition, 141 (12): 2180–2185, doi:10.3945/jn.111.139477, PMC   3223875 , PMID   22031660
  4. ↑ Faghihnia, Nastaran; Mangravite, Lara M.; Chiu, Sally; Bergeron, Nathalie; Krauss, Ronald M (5 Sep 2012), "Effects of dietary saturated fat on LDL subclasses and apolipoprotein CIII in men", European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Springer Nature, 66 (11): 1229–1233, doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.118, PMC   3491165 , PMID   22948944
  5. ↑ "Dairy Research for Your Business - Nutrition, Product and Sustainability Research Program Overview" (PDF). National Dairy Council. 1 Jan 2019. Retrieved 1 Jan 2019.
  6. ↑ "Coalition is full of baloney on nutrition guidelines". The Hill. 20 Oct 2015.
  7. ↑ "Ronald M. Krauss, MD". virtahealth.com. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  8. ↑ "Should Americans Get Half Their Calories From Carbs? Two Camps Battle It Out". The Wall Street Journal. 23 Nov 2020.
  9. ↑ "Ronald M. Krauss". pcna.net. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  10. ↑ "Should guidelines on saturated fat consumption recommend lowest intake possible?". Healio. 4 Jun 2020.
  11. ↑ "The science of saturated fat: A big fat surprise about nutrition?". Independent. 26 Aug 2014.
  12. ↑ Astrup, Arne; Magkos, Faidon; M.Bier, Dennis; Brenna, J. Thomas; de Oliveira Otto, Marcia C.; O.Hill, James; C.King, Janet; Mente, Andrew; Ordovas, Jose M.; Volek, Jeff S.; Yusuf DPhil, Salim; Krauss, Ronald M. (18 Aug 2020), "Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review", Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Elsevier for the American College of Cardiology, 76 (7): 844–857, doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.077 , PMID   32562735
  13. ↑ "Dr. Ronald Krauss on Dietary Fat". newsinhealth.nih.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  14. ↑ "Interview with Ronald M. Krauss, MD". eatfatgetthin.com. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
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