| Monarchy of Canada |
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In Canada, a number of monuments have been erected to honour royal individuals, whether a member of the past French royal family, British royal family, or present Canadian royal family, thus reflecting the country's status as a constitutional monarchy under the Canadian Crown.
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| Monument | Image | Location | Individual honoured | |||||
| Statue | Legislative Building, Edmonton | Queen Victoria | ||||||
| Statue | Legislative Building grounds, Edmonton | Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll | ||||||
| Stained glass window | Legislative Building grounds, Edmonton | Queen Elizabeth II | ||||||
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| Monument | Image | Location | Individual honoured | |||||
| Statue |  | Parliament Buildings grounds, Victoria | Queen Victoria [1] | |||||
| Stained glass window |  | Parliament Buildings, Victoria | Queen Victoria [1] | |||||
| Bell | Christ Church Cathedral, Victoria | King George V [2] | ||||||
| Bell | Christ Church Cathedral, Victoria | Queen Mary [2] | ||||||
| Statue |  | University of British Columbia, Vancouver | King George VI [1] | |||||
| Statue |  | Beacon Hill Park, Victoria | Queen Elizabeth II [1] | |||||
| Fountain | Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver | King Edward VII [2] | ||||||
| Bell | Christ Church Cathedral, Victoria | Prince William, Duke of Cambridge [2] | ||||||
| Queen Victoria monument |  | Stanley Park, Vancouver | Queen Victoria | |||||
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| Monument | Image | Location | Individual honoured | |||||
| Statue |  | Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg | Queen Victoria* | |||||
| Statue | Manitoba Museum, Winnipeg | Queen Elizabeth II | ||||||
| Statue | Government House, Winnipeg | Queen Elizabeth II* | ||||||
The statue of Queen Victoria at the Manitoba Legislative Building and the statue of Queen Elizabeth II at Government House were torn down by a mob on July 1, 2021, in a protest about residential schools. The statue of Elizabeth II was repaired and reinstalled on June 2, 2023, though the statue of Queen Victoria was damaged beyond repair. [3]
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| Monument | Image | Location | Individual honoured | |||||
| Statue |  | River Glade | Queen Victoria | |||||
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| Monument | Image | Location | Individual honoured | |||||
| Stained glass window | Christ Church Royal Chapel, Deseronto | Queen Anne | ||||||
| Statue |  | Gore Park, Hamilton | Queen Victoria [1] | |||||
| Statue |  | Victoria Park, Kitchener | Queen Victoria | |||||
| Statue |  | Parliament Hill, Ottawa | Queen Victoria | |||||
| Statue |  | Library of Parliament, Centre Block, Ottawa | Queen Victoria [1] | |||||
| Statue |  | Queen's Park, Toronto | Queen Victoria [1] | |||||
| Stained glass window | St. Bartholomew's Anglican Church, Ottawa | Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn [4] | ||||||
| Equestrian statue |  | Queen's Park, Toronto | King Edward VII [1] | |||||
| Queen Alexandra Gates |  | Philosopher's Walk, Toronto | King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra [5] | |||||
| Stained glass window | St. James Cathedral, Toronto | King George V [6] | ||||||
| Princes' Gates |  | Exhibition Place, Toronto | King Edward VIII and Prince George, Duke of Kent | |||||
| Statue |  | Queen Victoria Park, Niagara Falls | King George VI [1] | |||||
| Queen Elizabeth Way Monument |  | Sir Casimir Gzowski Park, Toronto | Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother | |||||
| Princess Margaret Fountain |  | Exhibition Place, Toronto | Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon | |||||
| Equestrian statue |  | Parliament Hill, Ottawa | Queen Elizabeth II [1] | |||||
| Stained glass window | Rideau Hall, Ottawa | Queen Elizabeth II | ||||||
| Silver Jubilee stained glass window | Cathedral Church of St. James, Toronto | Queen Elizabeth II | ||||||
| Diamond Jubilee stained glass window | Centre Block, Ottawa | Queen Elizabeth II, Queen Victoria | ||||||
| Statue |  | Queen's Park, Toronto | Queen Elizabeth II | |||||
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| Monument | Image | Location | Individual honoured | |||||
| Bust | Place Royale, Quebec City | King Louis XIV [1] | ||||||
| George III Monument | Place d'Armes, Montreal | King George III | ||||||
| Victoria Memorial |  | Victoria Square, Montreal | Queen Victoria | |||||
| Lion of Belfort |  | Dorchester Square, Montreal | Queen Victoria | |||||
| Queen Victoria Monument |  | McGill University, Montreal | Queen Victoria | |||||
| Edward VII Monument |  | Phillips Square, Montreal | King Edward VII [1] | |||||
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| Monument | Image | Location | Individual honoured | |||||
| Equestrian statue |  | Legislative Building grounds, Regina | Queen Elizabeth II [1] | |||||
The monarchy of Canada is Canada's form of government embodied by the Canadian sovereign and head of state. It is one of the key components of Canadian sovereignty and sits at the core of Canada's constitutional federal structure and Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The monarchy is the foundation of the executive (King-in-Council), legislative (King-in-Parliament), and judicial (King-on-the-Bench) branches of both federal and provincial jurisdictions. The current monarch is King Charles III, who has reigned since 8 September 2022.
The style and title of the Canadian sovereign is the formal mode of address of the monarch of Canada. The form is based on those that were inherited from the United Kingdom and France, used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in Europe. As various Canadian territories changed ownership and then the country gradually gained independence, the style and title of the monarchs changed almost as often as the kings and queens themselves. The mode of address currently employed is a combination of a style that originates in the early 17th century and a title established by Canadian law in 1953.
A chapel royal is an establishment in the British and Canadian royal households serving the spiritual needs of the sovereign and the royal family.
The Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II was the international celebration held in 2002 marking the 50th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. It was intended by the Queen to be both a commemoration of her 50 years as monarch and an opportunity for her to officially and personally thank her people for their loyalty.
Canadian royal symbols are the visual and auditory identifiers of the Canadian monarchy, including the viceroys, in the country's federal and provincial jurisdictions. These may specifically distinguish organizations that derive their authority from the Crown, establishments with royal associations, or merely be ways of expressing loyal or patriotic sentiment.
The history of monarchy in Canada stretches from pre-colonial times through to the present day. The date monarchy was established in Canada varies; some sources say it was when the French colony of New France was founded in the name of King Francis I in 1534, while others state it was in 1497, when John Cabot made landfall in what is thought to be modern day Newfoundland or Nova Scotia, making a claim in the name of King Henry VII. Europeans in the 16th and 17th centuries often considered the territories belonging to different aboriginal groups to be kingdoms. Nevertheless, the present Canadian monarchy can trace itself back to the Anglo-Saxon period and ultimately to the kings of the Angles and the early Scottish kings; monarchs reigning over Canada have included the those of France, those of the United Kingdom, and those of Canada. Canadian historian Father Jacques Monet said of Canada's Crown, "[it is] one of an approximate half-dozen that have survived through uninterrupted inheritance from beginnings that are older than our Canadian institution itself."
By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, Canada's monarchy operates in Manitoba as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. As such, the Crown within Manitoba's jurisdiction is referred to as the Crown in Right of Manitoba, His Majesty in Right of Manitoba, or the King in Right of Manitoba. The Constitution Act, 1867, however, leaves many royal duties in Manitoba specifically assigned to the sovereign's viceroy, the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy.
The monarchy of Canada forms the core of each Canadian provincial jurisdiction's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government in each province. The monarchy has been headed since September 8, 2022 by King Charles III who as sovereign is shared equally with both the Commonwealth realms and the Canadian federal entity. He, his consort, and other members of the Canadian royal family undertake various public and private functions across the country. He is the only member of the royal family with any constitutional role.
The association between the monarchy of Canada and Indigenous peoples in Canada stretches back to the first interactions between North American Indigenous peoples and European colonialists and, over centuries of interface, treaties were established concerning the monarch and Indigenous nations. First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada have a unique relationship with the reigning monarch and, like the Māori and the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand, generally view the affiliation as being not between them and the ever-changing Cabinet, but instead with the continuous Crown of Canada, as embodied in the reigning sovereign.
In Canada, a number of sites and structures are named for royal individuals, whether a member of the past French royal family, British royal family, or present Canadian royal family thus reflecting the country's status as a constitutional monarchy under the Canadian Crown. Those who married into the royal family are indicated by an asterisk (*). Charles Edward Stuart was a pretender to the British throne.
The coronation of Elizabeth II as queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms took place on 2 June 1953 at Westminster Abbey in London. She acceded to the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of her father, George VI, on 6 February 1952, being proclaimed queen by her privy and executive councils shortly afterwards. The coronation was held more than one year later because of the tradition of allowing an appropriate length of time to pass after a monarch dies. It also gave the planning committees adequate time to make preparations for the ceremony. During the service, Elizabeth took an oath, was anointed with holy oil, was invested with robes and regalia, and was crowned Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon.
State funerals in Canada are public events held to commemorate former governors general, prime ministers, other members of the cabinet who died in office, and, at the cabinet's discretion, other eminent Canadians. With ceremonial, military, and religious elements incorporated, state funerals are offered and executed by the governor general-in-council, who provides a dignified manner for the Canadian people to mourn a national public figure. Provincial and territorial governments may also perform state funerals for citizens in their particular jurisdictions. However, most state funerals are federal affairs.
Royal tours of Canada by the Canadian royal family have been taking place since 1786—when the future King William IV became the first member of the royal family to visit Canada—and continue into the 21st century, either as an official tour, a working tour, a vacation, or a period of military service by a member of the royal family. In 1939, King George VI became the first reigning monarch to tour the country.
The year 2012 marked the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II being the 60th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. The only diamond jubilee celebration for any of Elizabeth's predecessors was in 1897, for Queen Victoria.
A statue of Queen Victoria formerly stood on the grounds of the Manitoba Legislative Building in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
The Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II was the international celebration in 2022 marking the 70th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. It was the first time that any monarch in British history celebrated a platinum jubilee, as is the case in the histories of the other Commonwealth realms.
A statue of Elizabeth II by Leo Mol was installed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
A number of monuments and memorials in Canada were removed or destroyed as a result of protests and riots between 2020 and 2022. These included six sculptures of Sir John A. Macdonald, the first prime minister of Canada, three of other figures connected to the Canadian Indian residential school system, two of Canadian monarchs, one of the British explorer Captain James Cook and one of John Deighton, a bar-owner whose nickname inspired the name of Vancouver's Gastown district.
Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, died on 8 September 2022 at Balmoral Castle in Scotland, at the age of 96. Elizabeth's reign was the longest of any British monarch. She was succeeded by her eldest son as Charles III.
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