SIG Group

Last updated
SIG Group AG
Company type Public
SIX:  SIGN
SMI MID component
PredecessorSIG Holding AG
Founded1853 (1853)
Headquarters
Neuhausen am Rheinfall (canton of Schaffhausen)
,
Switzerland
Key people
Samuel Sigrist, CEO
ProductsLiquid food and beverage packaging
Services Aseptic cartons, filling equipment and service
Revenue€3.2 billion (2023) [1] Increase2.svg
Number of employees
c. 9000 (2023)
Website www.sig.biz
SIG buildings in Neuhausen am Rheinfall (Switzerland) Rheinfall - Neuhausen - SIG IMG 3771.jpg
SIG buildings in Neuhausen am Rheinfall (Switzerland)

SIG Group AG is a Swiss multinational corporation and one of the biggest manufacturers in the packaging industry. [2] [3] [4]

Contents

Originally founded 1853 as a railway car producer named Schweizerische Waggonfabrik ("Swiss Wagon Factory"), it was renamed SIG (Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft, German for Swiss Industrial Company; in French, as Société Industrielle Suisse; and, in Italian, as Societá Industriale Svizzera) [5] a decade later, after it had won a contract for the production of firearms by the Swiss government. [6] [7]

The SIG Group shares are listed on SIX Swiss Exchange and are a component of the SMI MID index. The industrial site at the headquarters in Neuhausen am Rheinfall is located directly on the Rhine Falls. Built at this location in 1853 for the use of hydroelectric power, [8] the site was transferred to the SIG Charitable Foundation in 2011. [9]

History

Packaging (1906 - today)

1906 - 1950

In order to address the volatility of the railway vehicle and firearms businesses, SIG started to produce packaging machinery starting from 1906 as a third main business area. [10] The machines were produced at SIG in Neuhausen [11] on behalf of the patentee of a "folding box" die-fold system, a co-founder of SAPAL (Société Anonyme des Plieuses Automatiques). Most of SIG's earlier packaging equipment efforts were focused on small dry food items such as chocolates and candy. The first packaging machines were delivered to Swiss chocolate manufacturers. In 1921, SIG started to construct its own packaging machines. [12]

1950 - 2000

1956 SIG launched its first continuous flow wrapping machine. 1964 the business unit moved to Beringen where it had built a new factory. By 1981, it was producing 60 models of packaging machines. [12]

In 1989, through the acquisition of PKL from Linnich, Germany, SIG entered the field of aseptic carton liquid packaging, later known as SIG Combibloc. [13] [14]

2000 - today

In 2000, SIG started to focus on food and beverage packaging technology. Already at that time, SIG ranked as the world´s No. 2 after Tetra Pak in cardboard composites for fluids packaging. [15] Motion control specialist SIG Positec which was mostly successful on the German, Swiss and Italian markets was sold to Schneider Electric already in the same year (2000) for 195 Million Euros. [16] With this, SIG divested its Automation division.Management directed revenues from the sales of SIG Sauer and Rocktools to acquire global businesses, including Krupp Kunstofftechnik (Corpoplast / Blowtec / Kautex brands) [15] and HAMBA in Germany; [17] Ryka Blow Molds in Canada; [18] [19] and a substantial portion of the Italian conglomerate SASIB. [20] The food-related (dry) businesses were organized under the SIG Pack division, [12] while the beverage-related (wet) businesses formed SIG Beverages. Aseptic liquid packaging remained separate under SIG Combibloc. [21]

The former SASIB wet businesses Simonazzi, Alfa and Meyer / Mojonnier were sold to Tetra Laval in 2005, [22] while HAMBA, Kautex and Blowtec were sold separately to private investor groups. [23] The food packaging businesses were sold to Robert Bosch Verpackungstechnik in 2004. [24] The former SASIB dry unit Stewart Systems (bakery products) was sold to UCA Group in 2004. [25] Laser-guided vehicle manufacturer Elettric 80, part of the 1999 SASIB acquisition, was sold back to its original Italian owners in 2004. [26] [27]

By 2006, Sigpack Systems had an export ratio of 97% of its products. [12] The slimmed-down SIG Beverages unit, manufacturer of PET bottle blow-molding machinery, was sold off to the German company Salzgitter AG in March 2008. This sale encompassed the subsidiaries Corpoplast, Asbofill, Plasmax and Moldtec. [28] [29]

In 2007, SIG Holding AG was acquired by Rank Group Limited, the private investment company of New Zealand businessman Graeme Hart, and operated under its subsidiary, Reynolds Group Holdings Ltd., which, in March 2015, announced completion of its sale of SIG to ONEX Corporation. [30] In the early 2010s, SIG started to promote as a world first extra-slim small-format carton packs starting from 80ml tailored for children especially in fast-growing regions as Asia and Middle East. [31]

Today, SIG Group focuses on aseptic packaging. In 2016, the company introduced Combibloc RS Composite, a composite structural inner layer which increases system stability and reduces the carbon footprint of carton packs. [32] In 2017, SIG introduced the first individual QR codes with digital sourcing transparency, tailored for dairy product consumers. [33] In 2018 the company was relisted to the SIX Swiss Exchange. [34] In 2020 SIG Group fully integrated its Joint Venture SIG Combibloc Obeikan into SIG. The Joint Venture with a manufacturing plant in Riyadh and customers in the Middle East and Africa region had been established in 2001. [35]

In April 2022, the company was renamed from SIG Combibloc Group AG to SIG Group AG. In the same year, SIG finalised the acquisition of Scholle IPN, [36] an American producer of flexible food and beverages packaging including spouted pouches and bag-in-box solutions originally developed by William R. Scholle. [37] Also in 2022, SIG acquired the Asia business of US competitor Pactiv Evergreen [38] with its production facilities for fresh products, especially fresh milk in the People's Republic of China, Taiwan and South Korea. [39]

Railways, Vehicles (1853 – 1995)

The schweizerische Waggonfabrik [40] ("Swiss Wagon Factory") was founded in 1853 by Friedrich Peyer im Hof, Heinrich Moser, and Johann Conrad Neher. [7] From 1854, it produced railway cars for the emerging Swiss railway companies. Friedrich Peyer was one of the directors of the Swiss Northeastern Railway, also founded in 1853. In 1855 SIG railway carriages were honoured with an award at the World’s Fair in Paris. [41] Their factory in Neuhausen am Rheinfall was originally powered by the nearby Rhine Falls and employed 150 workers, [42] [7] which by the mid-1860s increased to 500 workers. [40]

One of the signature trains of SIG in the 1960s was the iconic Trans Europe Express (TEE). [41] In the late 1970s, SIG was the designer and builder of Toronto's streetcar, the CLRV L1. [43] [44] [45] The remaining 190 L2 vehicles, along with 52 articulated variants, were made by Thunder Bay, Ontario-based Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC), now a subsidiary of Bombardier Transportation.

From around 1981, SIG focused in the railway segment on the production of bogies as part of a division of labour with other Swiss railway manufacturers such as the Schindler Group (Schindler Waggon, Schweizerische Wagons- und Aufzügefabrik AG Schlieren-Zürich) and Flug- und Fahrzeugwerke Altenrhein. These bogies can still be found in many countries today.In the early 1980s, SIG was the designer and builder of the Utrecht sneltram trams. [46] 27 were ordered and delivered in 1983. Their scheduled replacements ran from 2017 to 2020.

The tilting system of the SBB RABDe 500 was developed by SIG. The railway branch of SIG was sold in 1995 to Fiat Ferroviaria. [47]

Firearms (1859 – 2000)

SIG started to produce the Prélaz-Burnand in 1859. It was invented by gunsmith Jean-Louis Joseph Prélaz and forestry inspector Colonel Ėdouard Burnand (father of Swiss painter Eugène Burnand). In 1860, the rifle won a competition held by the Swiss Federal Ministry of Defence, resulting in a contract to produce 30,000 pieces. [48] [7] This rifle was adapted as the M1863.

Upon receiving the contract to produce rifles, the company name was changed to reflect its new emphasis on machined production, becoming SchweizerischeIndustrieGesellschaft (SIG); in English, Swiss Industrial Company; and, in French, Société Industrielle Suisse. [49] [50] [7]

SIG produced the Mondragón Rifle between 1908 and 1910. [51] The SIG P210 pistol was developed in 1937 based on the French Modèle 1935, and was adopted by the Swiss military in 1949 as the "Pistole 49". This pistol's frame design incorporates external rails which fit closely with the slide, thus eliminating play in the mechanism during firing. The P210 was noted for its accuracy. [52] The Petter-Browning patent was a refinement—and John Moses Browning's last design—of the Browning Hi-Power (P35). [53]

In 1975, the Swiss military replaced the P210 with the P220, dubbed the "Pistole 75", which was the first product of a partnership with J.P. Sauer & Sohn. In a 1984 bidding contest to provide more than 300,000 sidearms to the US military, the SIG Sauer P226 was defeated by Beretta's 92FS which was awarded the contract for the M9 pistol. The SIG SG 510, or Sturmgewehr 57, battle rifle was produced by SIG from 1957 to 1983. Its appearance was vaguely similar to the German MG34 light machine-gun, due to its ventilated barrel jacket. It employed roller-delayed blowback, as used on the CETME/HK rifles. [54] The only general purpose machine gun produced by SIG was the SIG 710-3, which is based on the MG42. [55]

Due to Swiss restrictions on the export of military weapons, SIG entered into a relationship with the German company J.P. Sauer & Sohn, in order to give SIG access to the global firearms market. During the 1970s, SIG purchased both Hämmerli [56] [57] and J.P. Sauer & Sohn , resulting in the formation of SIG Sauer.

In January 1985, SIGARMS was established in Tyson's Corner, Virginia, where its handgun models P220 and P230 were imported into the US from its sister company in Europe. [7] In 2007, SIGARMS changed its name to SIG Sauer. SIG Arm's division was purchased in 2000 by L & O Holding, [58] and is now known as SIG SAUER AG.

Business areas and locations

SIG site at the Rhine Falls managed by SIG charitable foundation SIG Industrieareal. Neuhausen am Rheinfall.jpg
SIG site at the Rhine Falls managed by SIG charitable foundation

SIG manufactures aseptic carton packs, bag-in-box packaging and spouted pouches for beverages and food. It also produces, operates and maintains packaging machines. [59] The ownership of the SIG site, located directly on the Rhine Falls, was transferred to the SIG Charitable Foundation in 2011. [60] In addition to the conversion of the site (residential, commercial, retail, gastronomy), it is still home to the company's headquarters and a production facility with 200 employees. The SIG Group has 95 subsidiaries in 40 countries.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIG P210</span> Swiss semi-automatic pistol

The SIG P210 is a locked breech self loading, semi-automatic pistol designed and manufactured in Neuhausen am Rheinfall by SIG from 1948 to 2006.

Several sister companies that design and manufacture firearms use the brand name SIG Sauer. The original company, Schweizerische Waggonfabrik (SWF), later Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft (SIG), went through several selloffs, leaving the SIG Sauer brand spread over several companies. The original SIG is now known as SIG Combibloc Group and no longer has any firearms business.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carton</span> Type of domestic container

A carton is a box or container usually made of liquid packaging board, paperboard and sometimes of corrugated fiberboard. Many types of cartons are used in packaging. Sometimes a carton is also called a box.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIG Sauer P220</span> Swiss-German semi-automatic pistol

The SIG Sauer P220 is a semi-automatic pistol designed in 1975 by the SIG Arms AG division of Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft, and produced by J. P. Sauer & Sohn, in Eckernförde. It is currently manufactured by both SIG Sauer companies: SIG Sauer GMBH, of Eckernförde, Germany; and SIG Sauer, Inc., of New Hampshire, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIG Sauer P226</span> Swiss semi-automatic pistol

The SIG Sauer P226 is a full-sized service pistol made by SIG Sauer. This model is available in four chamberings: the 9×19mm Parabellum, .40 S&W, .357 SIG, or .22 Long Rifle. It has the same mechanism of operation as the SIG Sauer P220, but is developed to use higher capacity, double stack magazines in place of the single stack magazines of the P220.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amcor</span> Packaging company

Amcor plc is a global packaging company. It develops and produces flexible packaging, rigid containers, specialty cartons, closures and services for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, medical-device, home and personal-care, and other products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropicana Products</span> Orange/fruit juice and soft drink maker

Tropicana Brands is an American fruit-based beverage company. It was founded in 1947 by Anthony T. Rossi in Bradenton, Florida. Between 1998 and 2021 it was a subsidiary of PepsiCo. In August 2021, 61% of Tropicana was sold along with the rest of PepsiCo's juice brand portfolio for $3.3 billion to PAI Partners. PepsiCo retained the remaining 39% of the companies ownership.

Graeme Richard Hart is a New Zealand billionaire businessman and the country's wealthiest person. He prefers to stay out of the media and makes few public appearances. As of March 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$9.7 billion.

Sig used as a name may refer to:

SIG Sauer AG is a Swiss manufacturer of armaments. The company was previously registered as SAN Swiss Arms AG and changed its name to SIG Sauer AG in December 2019. It was known as SIG Arms AG before 2000 when it was acquired by the German investors Michael Lüke and Thomas Ortmeier from parent company Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft. The company is now part of L&O Holding, which also owns the German-based SIG Sauer GmbH & Co. KG and the US-based SIG Sauer Inc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sauer & Sohn</span> German firearms manufacturer

J. P. Sauer und Sohn GmbH is a manufacturer of firearms and machinery and is the oldest firearms manufacturer still active in Germany. The products of this company are frequently referred to as Sauer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetra Pak</span> Swedish-Swiss multinational food packaging and processing company

Tetra Pak is a Swedish multinational food packaging and processing company headquartered in Switzerland. The company offers packaging, filling machines and processing for dairy, beverages, cheese, ice cream and prepared food, including distribution tools like accumulators, cap applicators, conveyors, crate packers, film wrappers, line controllers and straw applicators.

Aseptic processing is a processing technique wherein commercially thermally sterilized liquid products are packaged into previously sterilized containers under sterile conditions to produce shelf-stable products that do not need refrigeration. Aseptic processing has almost completely replaced in-container sterilization of liquid foods, including milk, fruit juices and concentrates, cream, yogurt, salad dressing, liquid egg, and ice cream mix. There has been an increasing popularity for foods that contain small discrete particles, such as cottage cheese, baby foods, tomato products, fruit and vegetables, soups, and rice desserts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salzgitter AG</span> German company

Salzgitter AG is a German company, one of the largest steel producers in Europe with an annual output of around seven million tonnes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krones</span>

Krones AG is a German packaging and bottling machine manufacturer. It produces lines for filling beverages in plastic and glass bottles or beverage cans. The company manufactures stretch blow-moulding machines for producing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, plus fillers, labellers, bottle washers, pasteurisers, inspectors, packers and palletisers. This product portfolio is complemented by material flow systems and process technology for producing beverages for breweries, dairies and soft-drink companies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">7.65×21mm Parabellum</span> Pistol cartridge designed by Georg Luger and Hugo Borchardt

The 7.65×21mm Parabellum is a pistol cartridge that was introduced in 1898 by German arms manufacturer Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken (DWM) for their new Pistol Parabellum. The primary developers of the pistol cartridge were firearms designers Georg Luger and Hugo Borchardt, who developed the round from the earlier 7.65×25mm Borchardt while working at DWM.

Greatview Aseptic Packaging Company is a multinational aseptic processing company with its head office based in Beijing, China. Founded in 2003, Greatview offers aseptic carton solutions and related services for dairy and non-carbonated soft drink companies whose products are compatible with Tetra Brik Aseptic filling machines. Greatview presently has three packaging facilities worldwide, two of which are located in China, in Gaotang, Shandong and Helingeer, Inner Mongolia; the third facility is the company's primary exporting facility and is located in Germany, in the city of Halle (Saale), Saxony-Anhalt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ems-Chemie</span> Swiss holding company

Ems-Chemie is a Swiss corporate group based in Domat/Ems, in the canton of Graubünden, whose companies are grouped under "Ems-Chemie Holding". This is the only listed company belonging to the scope of consolidation and is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. On 31 December 2013, the stock market capitalization reached CHF 7.4 billion. The main shareholders are "Emesta Holding AG" with 60.82% and Miriam Blocher with 8.89%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIG Sauer P365</span> Polymer frame semi-automatic handgun

The SIG Sauer P365 is a striker-fired subcompact semi-automatic pistol manufactured by SIG Sauer, intended for everyday carry. It is offered with Tritium XRAY3 Day/Night Sights and two 10-round magazines; one flush fit and the other with an extended finger tab, and a stainless steel frame with polymer grip module. It is primarily chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum and is rated for +P ammunition while utilizing offset double-stack magazines. A variant chambered in .380 ACP was introduced in February 2022. The P365, which replaced the P290RS, is produced in Newington, New Hampshire. In both 2018 and 2019, it was the best selling handgun in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIG Sauer System</span> Type of action found in self-loading handguns

The SIG Sauer System is a type of action found in self-loading handguns. It is a refinement of designs based on the work of both John M. Browning and Charles Petter which began with the Colt Model 1900, progressed to the French Model 1935A, and later the SIG P210 handgun. This action first appeared in the United States on the Browning BDA .45 ACP caliber handgun around 1975. It represents a design which optimizes the cost of production of handguns while instilling high levels of accuracy and dependability. It is the basis for several SIG Sauer, Inc. designs which have been widely adopted for police, military, and civilian use and is the action used in the M17 and M18 sidearms of the United States Armed Forces. It has become a highly copied design found in many parts of the world today.

References

  1. ↑ "Full year 2023 financial results highlight strong business profile". SIG Group. 2024-02-27. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
  2. ↑ "Global Aseptic Packaging Companies". Mordor Intelligence. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  3. ↑ "Global Aseptic Packaging Market". Spherical Insights. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  4. ↑ Lyubomirova, Teodora (2023-02-16). "Packaging Special: How Tetra Pak, SIG and Amcor are pushing the frontiers of innovation". Dairy Reporter. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  5. ↑ "SIG Combibloc Services AG – Central Business Name Index". Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  6. ↑ "Listofcompanies.co.in". Archived from the original on 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sagi, Guy J. (2022-04-13). "SIG Sauer: From Wagon Factory To Modern Gunmaker". American Rifleman. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  8. ↑ "Wärme statt Waggons". EKS on! - Elektrizitätswerk des Kantons Schaffhausen. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  9. ↑ "SIG Group AG: Strong revenue growth and high level of filler placements". Finanzen.ch. 2023-02-28. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
  10. ↑ Knoepfli, Adrian (2011-10-27). "Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft (SIG)". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  11. ↑ Marion, Gilbert. "Montet, Gabriel". Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "100 years of innovation in the packaging industry". Process technology online. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  13. ↑ Shurtleff, W., et al History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Austria and Switzerland (1781-2015), by William Shurtleff and Akiko Aoyagi, Soyinfo Center, 2015, page 564. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Global renaming: SIG Combibloc / New regional companies / Group strategy". Plasteurope. 1998-03-31. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  15. 1 2 "Acquisition of Krupp Kunststofftechnik / Expansion in plastics packaging". Plasteurope. 2000-05-15. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  16. ↑ "Schneider buys Crouzet and Positec to target OEMs". Drive & Controls. 2000-10-01. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  17. ↑ "PET bottles: Now a system supplier / Acquisition of Hamba / Aseptic filling technology". Plasteurope. 2000-09-21. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  18. ↑ "SIG acquires Ryka". Plasteurope. 2002-10-24. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  19. ↑ "Ryka Molds: Project Mgmt and Performance Flow Get Results". Moldmaking Technology. 2005-01-06. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  20. ↑ "Changes in store for SIG Hamba". Bakery And Snacks. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  21. ↑ "The history of SIG Combibloc". SIG. 2013-02-04. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  22. ↑ "Schlechtes Jahr für SIG". 20 Minuten. 2005-03-08. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  23. ↑ BREGAR, BILL (2004-05-03). "SIG to sell Kautex, Blowtec to German company Adcuram". Plastics News. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  24. ↑ "Kautex and Blowtec sold to private equity investor / SIG Pack acquired by Bosch". Plasteurope. 2004-05-27. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  25. ↑ "SIG Stewart Systems, Inc. Acquired by UCA Group, Inc". Allegiance CapitalCorporation. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  26. ↑ Pontecorvo,Laura "Elettric 80: the Eagle is back! — Elettric 80, which has become 100% Italian again after a few years spent in the Swiss group SIG, confirms its character as innovative company in the field of integrated logistics systems", Perini Journal (PJL-23), 2004. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  27. ↑ "Germany's SIG Combibloc develops new combibloc RS composite structure for carton packs", RISI Technology Channels, December 15, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  28. ↑ Patton, Dominique (2008-07-19). "Salzgitter to buy SIG Beverages unit". Beverage Daily. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  29. ↑ "Plasmax included in acquisition of SIG Beverages / Further development of coating process". Plasteurope. 2008-06-03. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  30. ↑ Businesswire "Reynolds Group Holdings Limited Announced Closing of Sale of SIG Combibloc Business", March 13, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  31. ↑ "SIG Combibloc Creates New Small-Format Carton Pack". Food Ingredients First. 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  32. ↑ Qureshi, Waqas (2016-12-09). "SIG Combibloc boosts system stability with new carton". Packaging News. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  33. ↑ "SIG Combibloc launches new digital solution for Languiru's products". NS Packaging. 2017-06-21. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  34. ↑ "IPO of SIG Combibloc – 10th Listing on the Swiss Stock Exchange in 2018". SIX. 2018-09-28. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  35. ↑ "SIG to take full control of MEA joint venture SIG Combibloc Obeikan". NS Packaging. 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  36. ↑ Koltrowitz, Silke (2022-02-01). "SIG Combibloc acquires bag-in-box maker Scholle IPN in $1.53 bln deal". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  37. ↑ Ford, Lauren (2022-02-01). "SIG acquires packaging solutions company Scholle IPN". Foodbev Media. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  38. ↑ "SIG completes acquisition of flexible packaging solution provider Scholle IPN". Packaging Gateway. 2022-06-03. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  39. ↑ "SIG closes acquisition of Pactiv Evergreen's Evergreen Asia". Packaging Gateway. 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  40. 1 2 Hermann Alexander von Berlepsch, Schweizerkunde: Land, Volk und Staat, Schwetschke, 1864, p. 512.
  41. 1 2 "Our history". SIG Group. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  42. ↑ SIG-Geschichte Archived 2020-02-23 at the Wayback Machine , Baublatt, 21 September 2017.
  43. ↑ Bow, James (2020-05-17). "THE ARTICULATED LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES (THE ALRVS)". Transit Toronto. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  44. ↑ Thompson, John (2018-01-05). "Light Rail The car that saved Toronto's streetcars". Railway Age. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  45. ↑ McGillivray, Kate (2017-12-30). "Now 40 years old, the CLRV streetcar is a piece of Toronto history that almost never came to be". CBC News. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  46. ↑ "Utrecht to convert Sneltram". Tramways & Urban Transit. 2016-12-09. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  47. ↑ "The Northlander". UWyo.edu. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  48. ↑ "Eugène Burnand Biographic Information", "Eugène Burnand, the man, the artist and his work, by René Burnand, MD Berger-Levrault, Paris, 1926 via eugene-burnand.com Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  49. ↑ "History - Sig Sauer". SigSauer.com. Archived from the original on 13 January 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  50. ↑ Sig-Sauer Law Enforcement Archived 2012-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ↑ Firestone, Adam C. "Historic Firearm of the Month, February 2001". Cruffler.com. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  52. ↑ Wood, Keith (12 February 2020). "SIG Sauer P210 Review". Gunsandammo. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  53. ↑ "Sig P210". ForgottenWeapons.com. 2 December 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  54. ↑ "SIG Stgw 57". ForgottenWeapons.com. 23 September 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  55. ↑ "Modern Firearms - SIG MG 710". Guns.ru. 27 October 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  56. ↑ GmbH, CARL WALTHER. "Home - Hämmerli Website". Haemmerli.info. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  57. ↑ "SIG-Hammerli Trailside/X-Esse". TonyBrong.Blogspot.com. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  58. ↑ Samsel, Aaron (31 May 2013). "SIG SAUER Parent Company Buys GSG, supplier of SIG 1911-22 Handguns". Guns.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  59. ↑ "SIG Aseptic Carton Packaging Plant". Packaging Gateway. 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  60. ↑ "AN AREA OF CHANGE". SIG Areal. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.