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The East Papuan languages is a defunct proposal for a family of Papuan languages spoken on the islands to the east of New Guinea,including New Britain,New Ireland,Bougainville,Solomon Islands,and the Santa Cruz Islands. There is no evidence that these languages are related to each other,and the Santa Cruz languages are no longer recognized as Papuan.
The Lower Mamberamo languages are a recently proposed language family linking two languages spoken along the northern coast of Papua province,Indonesia,near the mouth of the Mamberamo River. They have various been classified either as heavily Papuanized Austronesian languages belonging to the SHWNG branch,or as Papuan languages that had undergone heavy Austronesian influence. Glottolog 3.4 classifies Lower Mamberamo as Austronesian,while Donohue classifies it as Papuan. Kamholz (2014) classifies Warembori and Yoke each as coordinate primary subgroups of the South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages.
Borean is a hypothetical linguistic macrofamily that encompasses almost all language families worldwide except those native to sub-Saharan Africa,New Guinea,Australia,and the Andaman Islands. Its supporters propose that the various languages spoken in Eurasia and adjacent regions have a genealogical relationship,and ultimately descend from languages spoken during the Upper Paleolithic in the millennia following the Last Glacial Maximum. The name Borean is based on the Greek βορέας,and means "northern". This reflects the fact that the group is held to include most language families native to the northern hemisphere. Two distinct models of Borean exist:that of Harold C. Fleming and that of Sergei Starostin.
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Mor is a nearly extinct Trans–New Guinea language of Indonesia. It is spoken along the Budidi River and the Bomberai River on the Bomberai Peninsula.
The Rung languages are a proposed branch of Sino-Tibetan languages. The branch was proposed by Randy LaPolla on the basis of morphological evidence such as pronominal paradigms. However,Guillaume Jacques and Thomas Pellard (2021) argues that these languages do not constitute a monophyly based on recent phylogenetic studies and on a thorough investigation of shared lexical innovations.
The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database or ABVD is a large database of basic vocabulary lists that mainly covers the Austronesian languages. It also has a comprehensive inventory of basic vocabulary lists for Kra–Dai languages,Hmong–Mien languages,Japonic languages,and other languages of East Asia. It is currently the largest lexical database of Austronesian languages in terms of the number of languages covered.
The farming/language dispersal hypothesis proposes that significant language families in the world dispersed along with the expansions of agriculture. This hypothesis was created by Peter Bellwood and Colin Renfrew.
Johann-Mattis List is a German scientist. He is known for his work on quantitative comparative linguistics. List is currently Senior Scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig,Germany.
References
- ↑ Greenhill SJ, Blust R, Gray RD (November 2008). "The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: from bioinformatics to lexomics". Evol Bioinform Online. 4: 271–83. doi:10.4137/ebo.s893. PMC 2614200 . PMID 19204825.
- ↑ R. D. Gray, A. J. Drummond, and S. J. Greenhill. Language Phylogenies Reveal Expansion Pulses and Pauses in Pacific Settlement. Science, 2009; 323 (5913): 479 doi : 10.1126/science.1166858
- ↑ Greenhill SJ. 2015. TransNewGuinea.org: An Online Database of New Guinea Languages. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0141563.
- ↑ Watts J, Sheehan O, Greenhill SJ, Gomes-Ng S, Atkinson QD, Bulbulia J & Gray RD. 2015. Pulotu: Database of Austronesian Supernatural Beliefs and Practices. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0136783.
- ↑ Vishnupriya Kolipakam, Fiona M. Jordan, Michael Dunn, Simon J. Greenhill, Remco Bouckaert, Russell Gray and Annemarie Verkerk (2018) A Bayesian phylogenetic study of the Dravidian language family. ROyal Society Open Science, Volume 5, Issue 3, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171504
- ↑ Sagart, Laurent; Jacques, Guillaume; Lai, Yunfan; Ryder, Robin J.; Thouzeau, Valentin; Greenhill, Simon J.; List, Johann-Mattis (May 2019). "Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (21): 10317–10322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1817972116 . PMC 6534992 . PMID 31061123.
- ↑ Our research. Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database.
- ↑ Greenhill, Simon James (2008), The archives of history : a phylogenetic approach to the study of language (doctoral thesis), ResearchSpace@Auckland, hdl:2292/51143, Wikidata Q111963706
- ↑ "Simon J. Greenhill's publications". Max Planck Institute.
