COSPAR ID | 1991-069A |
---|---|
SATCAT no. | 21735 |
Mission duration | 175 days, 2 hours, 51 minutes, 44 seconds |
Orbits completed | ~2,730 |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | Soyuz 7K-STM No. 63 |
Spacecraft type | Soyuz-TM |
Manufacturer | NPO Energia |
Launch mass | 7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb) |
Crew | |
Crew size | 3 |
Members | Alexander Volkov |
Launching | Toktar Aubakirov Franz Viehböck |
Landing | Sergei Krikalev Klaus-Dietrich Flade |
Callsign | Донба́сс (Donbass) |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 2 October 1991, 05:59:38 UTC |
Rocket | Soyuz-U2 |
Launch site | Baikonur Cosmodrome |
End of mission | |
Landing date | 25 March 1992, 08:51:22 UTC |
Landing site | near Dzhezkazgan |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Perigee altitude | 195 kilometres (121 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 232 kilometres (144 mi) |
Inclination | 51.7 degrees |
Period | 92.4 minutes |
Docking with Mir | |
Docking date | 4 October 1991, 07:38:42 UTC |
Undocking date | 25 March 1992, 05:29:03 UTC |
Soyuz programme (Crewed missions) |
Soyuz TM-13 was the 13th expedition to the Mir space station. [1] Lasting from October 1991 to March 1992, the mission included cosmonauts from Austria and the soon-to-be independent region of Kazakhstan, as the Soviet Union collapsed in December 1991. The launch ceremony at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Baikonur, Kazakh SSR was attended by the Soviet Premier Ivan Silaev, the President of the Kazakh SSR Nursultan Nazarbayev, and the Chancellor of Austria Franz Vranitzky. Before the launch, for the first time, President Nazarbayev received the launch report from cosmonaut Tokhtar Aubakirov in the Kazakh language. [2]
Position | Launching crew | Landing crew |
---|---|---|
Commander | / Alexander Volkov Third and last spaceflight | |
Research Cosmonaut/Flight Engineer | / Toktar Aubakirov Only spaceflight | / Sergei Krikalev Second spaceflight |
Research Cosmonaut | Franz Viehböck Only spaceflight | Klaus-Dietrich Flade Only spaceflight |
Soyuz-TM 13 carried commander Alexander Volkov along with Austrian cosmonaut-researcher Franz Viehböck and Soviet-Kazakh cosmonaut-researcher Toktar Aubakirov. The flight was unusual for carrying no flight engineer. Veteran Russian cosmonaut Alexandr Volkov commanded. The Austrians paid $7 million to fly Viehböck to Mir, and the Kazakh cosmonaut flew partly in an effort to encourage the then-Kazakh SSR to continue to permit launchings from Baikonur Cosmodrome. The cosmonaut-researchers photographed their respective countries from orbit and conducted the usual range of materials processing and medical experiments. Artsebarsky and Viehböck returned to Earth in Soyuz TM-12, with Volkov remaining on board Mir for an extended mission.
The Soyuz spent a total of 175 days docked to the Mir space station.
The Soyuz returned from Mir with German Klaus-Dietrich Flade and Krikalev and Volkov, dubbed by some as "the last citizens of the USSR" because they had launched from the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR, and landed in what had since become the independent Republic of Kazakhstan.
Out of the Present , a 1995 film documentary focused on Soyuz TM-12 cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev's stay on Mir, features the arrival of Soyuz TM-13.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration .
Toktar Ongarbayuly Aubakirov is a retired Kazakh Air Force officer and a former cosmonaut. He is the first person from Kazakhstan to go to space.
Talgat Amangeldyuly Musabayev is a Kazakh test pilot and former cosmonaut who flew on three spaceflights. His first two spaceflights were long-duration stays aboard the Russian space station Mir. His third spaceflight was a short duration visiting mission to the International Space Station, which also carried the first paying space tourist Dennis Tito. He retired as a cosmonaut in November 2003. Since 2007 he has been head of KazCosmos, Kazakhstan's National Space Agency.
Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko is a retired Russian cosmonaut. Malenchenko became the first person to marry in space, on 10 August 2003, when he married Ekaterina Dmitrieva, who was in Texas, while he was 240 miles (390 km) over New Zealand, on the International Space Station. As of June 2016, Malenchenko ranks second for career time in space due to his time on both Mir and the International Space Station (ISS). He is a former commander of the International Space Station.
Franz Artur Viehböck is an Austrian electrical engineer and cosmonaut, who became the first Austrian to fly in space. He visited the Mir space station in 1991 aboard Soyuz TM-13, returning aboard Soyuz TM-12 after spending just over a week in space.
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev is a Russian mechanical engineer, former cosmonaut and former head of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov is a retired Soviet cosmonaut. He is a veteran of 3 space flights, including twice to the Mir Soviet space station, and is the father of cosmonaut Sergey Volkov.
Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky is a former Soviet cosmonaut.
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Andrey Ivanovich Borisenko is a Russian cosmonaut. He was selected as a cosmonaut in May 2003, and is a veteran of two long duration missions to the International Space Station.
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The National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan, also known as KazCosmos, or KazKosmos, is Kazakhstan's national space agency, and was officially established on 27 March 2007.
Out of the Present is a 1995 documentary film by Andrei Ujică that deals with the prolonged stay of the Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev at space station Mir. This was the first time a 35 mm film camera was used in space.
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