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AbūIsḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd,better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtaṣim biʾllāh,was the eighth Abbasid caliph,ruling from 833 until his death in 842. A younger son of Caliph Harun al-Rashid,he rose to prominence through his formation of a private army composed predominantly of Turkic slave-soldiers. This proved useful to his half-brother,Caliph al-Ma'mun,who employed al-Mu'tasim and his Turkish guard to counterbalance other powerful interest groups in the state,as well as employing them in campaigns against rebels and the Byzantine Empire. When al-Ma'mun died unexpectedly on campaign in August 833,al-Mu'tasim was thus well placed to succeed him,overriding the claims of al-Ma'mun's son al-Abbas.
Ṭāhir ibn Ḥusayn,Arabic:طاهربنالحسين,Tahir bin al-Husayn),also known as Dhul-Yamīnayn,and al-Aʿwar,was a Persian general and governor during the Abbasid Caliphate. Specifically,he served under al-Ma'mun during the Fourth Fitna and led the armies that would defeat al-Amin,making al-Ma'mun the caliph.
The Tahirid dynasty was a culturally Arabized Sunni Muslim dynasty of Persian dehqan origin,that ruled as governors of Khorasan from 821 to 873 as well as serving as military and security commanders in Abbasid Baghdad until 891. The dynasty was founded by Tahir ibn Husayn,a leading general in the service of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun. For his support of al-Ma'mun in the Fourth Fitna,he was granted the governance of Khorasan. The Tahirids initially made their capital in Merv but later moved to Nishapur. The Tahirids,however,were not an independent dynasty—according to Hugh Kennedy:"The Tahirids are sometimes considered as the first independent Iranian dynasty,but such a view is misleading. The arrangement was effectively a partnership between the Abbasids and the Tahirids." Indeed,the Tahirids were loyal to the Abbasid caliphs and in return enjoyed considerable autonomy;they were in effect viceroys representing Abbasid rule in Persia. The tax revenue from Khorasan sent to the caliphal treasury in Baghdad was perhaps larger than those collected previously.
AbūʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar,better known by his regnal title al-Muʿtazz bi-ʾllāh was the Abbasid caliph from 866 to 869,during a period of extreme internal instability within the Abbasid Caliphate,known as the "Anarchy at Samarra".
Talha ibn Tahir was the Tahirid governor of Khurasan from 822 until his death.
Abdallah ibn Tahir was a military leader and the Tahirid governor of Khurasan from 828 until his death. He is perhaps the most famous of the Tahirids. His career spanned twenty-five years under three caliphs,al-Ma'mun,al-Mu'tasim,and al-Wathiq. Militarily,he is known for defeating the powerful rebels Nasr ibn Shabath in the Jazira and Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari in Egypt.
Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad ibn Tahir ibn 'Abdallah was the last Tahirid governor of Khurasan,from 862 until 873. He was the governor during the period of Extreme instability in Abbasid Caliphate and Civil war of 865–866. His career spanned under four caliphs al-Musta'in,al-Mu'tazz,al-Muhtadi and al-Mu'tamid. He was later appointed as governor of Baghdad by caliph al-Mu'tamid from 885 to 889.
Abu Ahmad Talha ibn Ja'far,better known by his laqab as Al-Muwaffaq Billah,was an Abbasid prince and military leader,who acted as the de facto regent of the Abbasid Caliphate for most of the reign of his brother,Caliph al-Mu'tamid. His stabilization of the internal political scene after the decade-long "Anarchy at Samarra",his successful defence of Iraq against the Saffarids and the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion restored a measure of the Caliphate's former power and began a period of recovery,which culminated in the reign of al-Muwaffaq's own son,the Caliph al-Mu'tadid.
Aytākh or Ītākh al-Khazarī was a leading commander in the Turkic army of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim.
Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir was a Tahirid family member,who served the Abbasid Caliphate as governor and chief of police of Baghdad from 851 until his death,during a particularly troubled period in the city's history,which included its siege during the civil war of 865–866,in which he played a major role. He also served in the 860s as governor of Baghdad,Mecca and Medina,and was noted as a scholar,a poet and a patron of artists and scholars.
Shah ibn Mikal or al-Shah ibn Mikal,was an Iranian nobleman from the Mikalid family,who served as a military commander of the Abdallah ibn Tahir,the governor of Khorasan and later directly served under Abbasid caliphs.
Muhammad ibn Mikal was an Iranian nobleman from the Mikalid family,who served as a military commander of the Tahirid governor. He was the son of Mikal,a nobleman who had left Iraq and settled in Khurasan,and could trace his descent back to the Sogdian ruler Divashtich. Muhammad also had a brother named Shah ibn Mikal,who,during his early career,along with Muhammad,played an important role under the Tahirid ruler Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani. In 864,the Alid Hasan ibn Zayd conquered Tabaristan from the Tahirids,while another Alid named Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn al-Hasan expelled the Tahirid governor of Ray,and captured the city. The Tahirid governor Muhammad ibn Tahir shortly sent an army from Khurasan under Muhammad ibn Mikal,who managed to recapture the city and capture Muhammad ibn Ja'far. Hasan,however,quickly made a counter-attack under his Dailamite general Wajin,who managed to rout the army of Muhammad ibn Mikal,and kill the latter.
Nasr ibn Shabath al-Uqayli was the leader of a rebellion of the Qays tribe in the Jazira against the central Abbasid government during the civil war of the Fourth Fitna.
Sulayman ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir was a ninth century Tahirid official in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was the last governor of Tabaristan,ruling there until he was expelled by the rebellion of al-Hasan ibn Zayd in 864,and was afterwards appointed governor of Baghdad and the Sawad in 869,a position which he held until his death in 879.
Abu Ahmad Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir was a ninth century Tahirid official and military officer. He was the last major Tahirid to hold high office,having served as the governor of Baghdad at various points between 867 and 891.
Abu al-Husayn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim was a ninth-century official in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. A member of the Mus'abid family,he was related to the Tahirid governors of Khurasan,and was himself a prominent enforcer of caliphal policy during the reigns of al-Ma'mun,al-Mu'tasim,al-Wathiq,and al-Mutawakkil.
Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Mus'ab was a Mus'abid military commander and provincial official for the Abbasid Caliphate. He served as the governor of Fars from 846–7 until his death.
The shākiriyya were a regular cavalry regiment of the Abbasid Caliphate in the "Samarra period" in the 9th century. Probably of Khurasani and Iranian origin,they were rivals of the Turkish guard,and played a major role in the court conflicts that marked the decade of the "Anarchy at Samarra" in the 860s.
The Tahirid Palace or Tahirid Precinct/Sanctuary was an Abbasid-era palace in Baghdad
References
- ↑ Gordon 2001, p. 31.
