Gallery
Gold sword-dagger from Perșinari
Gold dagger from Perșinari
Gold daggers from Perșinari
Gold daggers or halberds from Măcin
| Geographical range | Romania, Bulgaria |
|---|---|
| Period | Bronze Age |
| Dates | c. 2000 BC – 14th century BC |
| Preceded by | Glina-Schneckenberg culture |
| Followed by | Noua-Coslogeni culture, Wietenberg culture, |
The Tei culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in southern Romania and northern Bulgaria, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was preceded by the Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Coslogeni culture, and was contemporary with the related Monteoru culture. [1]
A hoard consisting of eleven gold daggers, a gold 'sword-dagger', and four silver battle-axes was found in Perșinari, within the Tei cultural area, dating from the 17th to 16th centuries BC. Two similar gold daggers (or halberds) were also found nearby at Măcin, along with a pair of gold bracelets similar to bracelets from the Únětice culture. The daggers (or halberds) and sword-dagger are related in shape to contemporary specimens from Mycenaean Greece. [2] [3] Gold and silver weapons are also known from other parts of Europe in the same period, such as a gold axe from Tufalau (Romania) belonging to the Wietenberg culture, [4] a gold axe from Dieskau (Germany) belonging to the Únětice culture, [5] a gold dagger from Inowrocław (Poland) belonging to the Iwno culture, [6] and a gold dagger and silver axe from Mala Gruda (Montenegro) belonging to the Cetina culture or late Vučedol culture. [7]
The Wessex culture is the predominant prehistoric culture of central and southern Britain during the early Bronze Age, originally defined by the British archaeologist Stuart Piggott in 1938.
The Únětice culture or Aunjetitz culture is an archaeological culture at the start of the Central European Bronze Age, dated roughly to about 2300–1600 BC. The eponymous site for this culture, the village of Únětice, is located in the central Czech Republic, northwest of Prague. There are about 1,400 documented Únětice culture sites in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, 550 sites in Poland, and, in Germany, about 500 sites and loose finds locations. The Únětice culture is also known from north-eastern Austria, and from western Ukraine.
The Nordic Bronze Age is a period of Scandinavian prehistory from c. 2000/1750–500 BC.
The Tumulus culture was the dominant material culture in Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age.
Bronze Age swords appeared from around the 17th century BC, in the Black Sea region and the Aegean, as a further development of the dagger. They were replaced by iron swords during the early part of the 1st millennium BC.
The Argaric culture, named from the type site El Argar near the town of Antas, in what is now the province of Almería in southeastern Spain, is an Early Bronze Age culture which flourished between c. 2200 BC and 1550 BC.
The Ottomány culture, also known as Otomani culture in Romania or Otomani-Füzesabony culture in Hungary, was an early Bronze Age culture in Central Europe named after the eponymous site near the village of Ottomány, today part of Sălacea, located in modern-day Bihor County, Romania. The Middle Bronze Age period of the Ottomány culture in eastern Hungary and western Romania is also known as the Gyulavarsánd culture.
The European Bronze Age is characterized by bronze artifacts and the use of bronze implements. The regional Bronze Age succeeds the Neolithic and Copper Age and is followed by the Iron Age. It starts with the Aegean Bronze Age in 3200 BC (succeeded by the Beaker culture), and spans the entire 2nd millennium BC in Northern Europe, lasting until c. 600 BC.
The Prehistory of Transylvania describes what can be learned about the region known as Transylvania through archaeology, anthropology, comparative linguistics and other allied sciences.
The Wietenberg culture was a Middle Bronze Age archeological culture in central Romania (Transylvania) that roughly dates to 2200–1600/1500 BCE. Represented a local variant of Usatove culture, was contemporary with the Ottomány culture and Unetice culture and was replaced by the Noua culture. Its name was coined after the eponymic Wietenberg Hill near Sighișoara.
The Bronze Age is a period in the Prehistoric Romanian timeline and is sub-divided into Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, and Late Bronze Age.
Dacian art is the art associated with the peoples known as Dacians or North Thracians; The Dacians created an art style in which the influences of Scythians and the Greeks can be seen. They were highly skilled in gold and silver working and in pottery making. Pottery was white with red decorations in floral, geometric, and stylized animal motifs. Similar decorations were worked in metal, especially the figure of a horse, which was common on Dacian coins.
The Monteoru culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania and Moldova, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was derived from the preceding Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Sabatinovka culture, and was contemporary with the related Tei culture.
This section of the timeline of Romanian history concerns events from Late Neolithic until Late Antiquity, which took place in or are directly related with the territory of modern Romania.
El Argar is an Early Bronze Age culture that was based in Antas, Almería, within modern Spain. It is believed to have been active from about 2200 B.C. to 1500 B.C. The people developed sophisticated pottery and ceramic techniques that they traded with other Mediterranean tribes.
The Armorican Tumulus culture is a Bronze Age culture, located in the western part of the Armorican peninsula of France. It is known through more than a thousand burial sites covered by a tumulus or otherwise. The culture is renowned for some exceptionally richly endowed burials of chieftains of the time, which are contemporary with the elite of the Wessex culture, in England, and the Unetice culture, in Central Europe.
The Vatya culture was an archaeological culture of the Early to Middle Bronze Age located in the central area of the Danube basin in Hungary. The culture formed from the background of the Nagyrév culture together with influences from the Kisapostag culture. It is characterized mainly by fortified settlements, cremation burial sites, and bronze production. It was succeeded by the Urnfield culture.
The Glina-Schneckenberg culture was an Early Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania, dating from c. 2600 BC to 2000 BC. It was preceded by the Coțofeni culture and succeeded by the Monteoru culture and Tei culture.
The Encrusted Pottery culture was an archaeological culture of the Early to Middle Bronze Age originating in the Transdanubian region of western Hungary. It emerged from the Kisapostag culture, which was preceded by the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. The Encrusted Pottery culture expanded eastwards and southwards along the Danube into parts of Croatia, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria in response to migrations from the northwest by the Tumulus culture, resulting in the emergence of groups such as Dubovác–Žuto Brdo in Serbia and Gârla Mare–Cârna in Romania, which are considered to be southern manifestations of the Encrusted Pottery culture. The culture was named after its distinctive pottery decorated with incised designs inlaid with white lime, and southern groups are notable for the production of figurines or idols decorated in the same style. Stylistic similarities have also been noted between Encrusted Pottery artefacts and artefacts from Mycenaean Greece.
The Rhône culture was an archaeological culture of the Early Bronze Age located in eastern France and western Switzerland, centred along the Rhône river. The culture developed from the local Bell Beaker culture, possibly with further migrations from central Europe. According to Sergent (1995) the Rhône culture represents a southern variant of the Unetice culture. Rhône culture metalwork and pottery are particularly similar to those of the Straubing group in Bavaria.
The Tei culture spread in that part of Muntenia which was not occupied by the Monteoru culture and in a zone right of the Danube. In an early phase it crossed into south-eastern Transylvania, where it was soon replaced by the Sighigoara-Wietenberg culture. It was also derived from the Glina—Schneckenberg and Cernavoda—Foltegti stock, being characteristic of the Middle and Late Bronze Age ... This culture persisted to the end of the Late Bronze Age, but its area of eastern Muntenia was occupied by the Coslogeni group in the Late Bronze Age ... Phase II imports in the Monteoru II level demonstrate that mutual influences had intensified and point to a synchronism of these phases.
the Perșinari hoard of gold daggers (related in shape to Mycenaean specimens) and small silver axes were found in the area of the Tei culture.
To the beginning of the series of outstanding gold treasures of eastern central Europe belong several finds from the lower Danube area. These are the grave finds from Măcin in Dobruja and Perșinari northwest of Bucharest. Both comprise forms which show a certain stylistic relationship, on the one hand with the classical Únětice forms, and on the other with the Mycenaean shaft-grave forms ... The Persinari sword-dagger is, so far, unique in Europe. Although some stylistic resemblance to the Mycenaean I swords can be seen, it was probably locally produced by the Tei people north of the lower Danube.
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