Trachycarpeae

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Trachycarpeae
Joey Palm.JPG
Johannesteijsmannia altifrons
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Coryphoideae
Tribe: Trachycarpeae
Satake
Type genus
Trachycarpus
Genera

Acoelorrhaphe H.Wendl.
Brahea Mart. ex Endl.
Chamaerops L.
Colpothrinax Griseb. & H.Wendl.
Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
Guihaia J.Dransf., S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
Johannesteijsmannia H.E. Moore
Lanonia A.J. Hend. & C.D. Bacon
Licuala Wurmb
Livistona R.Br.
Maxburretia Furtado
Pholidocarpus Blume
Pritchardia Seem. & H.Wendl. ex H.Wendl.
Rhapidophyllum H.Wendl. & Drude
Rhapis L.f. ex Aiton
Saribus Blume
Serenoa Benth. & Hook.f
Trachycarpus H.Wendl.
Washingtonia H.Wendl.

Contents

Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae. [1] [2] It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia. [3] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe ( Chamaerops humilis ). [4] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus , Chamaerops , Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia . [5]

Description

Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia ). [3] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia , Brahea , Pritchardia ), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia , Johannesteijsmannia ), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis , Acoelorrhaphe ) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa ). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic. [3]

Taxonomy

Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae. [6] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae. [3] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority. [3] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae. [7]

Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together. [3] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species ( Livistona carinensis ) occurs in Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies. [6]

Rhapidinae [3] [6]

Livistoninae [3] [6]

Unplaced genera [3] [6]

The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis , [8] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala. [9] [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Livistona</i> Genus of palms

Livistona is a genus of palms, the botanical family Arecaceae, native to southeastern and eastern Asia, Australasia, and the Horn of Africa. They are fan palms, the leaves with an armed petiole terminating in a rounded, costapalmate fan of numerous leaflets.

Fan palm List of plants with the same or similar names

Fan palm as a descriptive term can refer to any of several different kinds of palms (Arecaceae) in various genera with leaves that are palmately lobed. Most are members of the subfamily Coryphoideae, though a few genera in subfamily Calamoideae also have palmate leaves. Fan palm genera include:

<i>Thrinax</i> Genus of palms

Thrinax is a genus in the palm family, native to the Caribbean. It is closely related to the genera Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax and Zombia. Flowers are small, bisexual and are borne on small stalks.

The Palmetum, Malakpet

The Palmetum is a specialized botanical garden located in the Malakpet area, Hyderabad, in Telangana, which features only one family of plant: the palm.

Archontophoenicinae Subtribe of palms

Archontophoenicinae is a botanical subtribe consisting of four genera of palms, namely Archontophoenix from Queensland and New South Wales and Actinokentia, Chambeyronia and Kentiopsis from New Caledonia. Phylogenetic relationships between the four genera are unresolved.

Rhopalostylidinae Subtribe of palms

Rhopalostylidinae is a botanical subtribe consisting of two genera of palms from Australia and New Zealand, Hedyscepe and Rhopalostylis. These two genera were formerly included in Archontophoenicinae, to which they are morphologically similar, until a recent revision.

Coryphoideae Subfamily of palms

The Coryphoideae is one of five subfamilies in the palm family, Arecaceae. It contains all of the genera with palmate leaves, excepting Mauritia, Mauritiella and Lepidocaryum, all of subfamily Calamoideae, tribe Lepidocaryeae, subtribe Mauritiinae. However, all Coryphoid palm leaves have induplicate (V-shaped) leaf folds, while Calamoid palms have reduplicate leaf folds. Pinnate leaves do occur in Coryphoideae, in Phoenix, Arenga, Wallichia and bipinnate in Caryota.

Corypheae Tribe of palms

Corypheae is a tribe of palm trees in the subfamily Coryphoideae. In previous classifications, tribe Corypheae included four subtribes: Coryphinae, Livistoninae, Thrinacinae and Sabalinae, but recent phylogenetic studies have led to the genera within these subtribes being transferred into other tribes. Tribe Corypheae is now restricted to the genus Corypha alone.

Cryosophileae Tribe of palms

Cryosophileae is a tribe of palms in the subfamily Coryphoideae. The tribe ranges from southern South America, through Central America, into Mexico and the Caribbean. It includes New World genera formerly included in the tribe Thrinacinae, which was split after molecular phylogenetic studies showed that Old World and New World members of the tribe were not closely related.

Calamoideae Subfamily of palms

The Calamoideae are a subfamily of the palm family Arecaceae containing 21 genera and about 620 species. They are found almost exclusively in the Old World tropics, but with three genera and a single species of Raphia in the New World tropics. Calamoideae includes the rattan palms, whose stems are harvested for the production of cane furniture and many other products. All species have fruits covered in distinctive overlapping scales.

Borasseae Tribe of palms

Borasseae is a tribe in the palm subfamily Coryphoideae. The tribe ranges from southern Africa and Madagascar north through the Arabian Peninsula to India, Indochina, Indonesia and New Guinea. Several genera are restricted to islands in the Indian Ocean. The two largest genera, Hyphaene and Borassus, are also the most widespread.

Chuniophoeniceae Tribe of palms

Chuniophoeniceae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of plant family Arecaceae. The four genera within the tribe are morphologically dissimilar and do not have overlapping distributions. Three of the genera are monotypic, while the fourth genus (Chuniophoenix) has three species.

Clinospermatinae Subtribe of palms

Clinospermatinae is a subtribe of plants in the family Arecaceae.

Rhapidinae is a subtribe of plants in the family Arecaceae found in Southeast Asia and the Meditarranean. Genera in the subtribe are:

Livistoninae is a subtribe of plants in the family Arecaceae. Genera in the subtribe are:

Lataniieae is a subtribe of plants in the family Arecaceae. Genera in the subtribe are:

Elaeidinae is a subtribe of plants in the family Arecaceae. Genera in the subtribe are:

Genera Palmarum is a botany reference book that gives a detailed overview of the systematic biology of the palm family (Arecaceae). The first edition of Genera Palmarum was published in 1987. The second edition was published in 2008, with a reprint published in 2014. Genera Palmarum is currently the most detailed monograph on palm taxonomy and systematics.

References

  1. ↑ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.
  2. ↑ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN   978-1-84246-182-2.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum - The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN   9781842461822.
  4. ↑ "Chamaerops humilis - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  5. ↑ "Cold Hardy Palms for Temperate Gardens". Plant Delights Nursery. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2005). "A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin. 60: 559–569 – via ResearchGate.
  7. ↑ Uhl, Natalie W.; Dransfield, John (1987). Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. L.H. Bailey Hortorium. ISBN   9780935868302.
  8. ↑ Bacon, Christine D.; Baker, William J. (2011). "Saribus Resurrected". Palms. 55 (3): 109–116 – via ResearchGate.
  9. ↑ Henderson, Andrew J.; Bacon, Christine D. (2011). "Lanonia (Arecaceae: Palmae), a New Genus from Asia, with a Revision of the Species". Systematic Botany. 36 (4): 883–895. doi:10.1600/036364411x604903. JSTOR   41416905. S2CID   84318474.
  10. ↑ Henderson, Andrew; Dung, Nguyen Quoc (2017-09-29). "New species of Lanonia, Licuala, and Pinanga (Arecaceae) from Vietnam". Phytotaxa. 323 (2): 159. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.323.2.4. ISSN   1179-3163.
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