Tun Perak

Last updated
بندهار ڤدوک راج تون ڤيراق, died 1498) was the fifth and most famous bendahara, a Malay rank similar to a prime minister, of the Sultanate of Malacca. He served under four sultans (Sultan Muzzafar Shah, Sultan Mansur Shah, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah and Sultan Mahmud Shah) [1] from 1456 to 1498. Early in his life, Perak was a soldier-statesman for Malaccan rulers. In 1445, he led the Malaccan army to victory by defeating Siamese invaders. As a result, he was made bendahara in 1456.

Contents

Tun Perak was the son of Malacca's first bendahara, Sri Wak Raja Tun Perpatih Besar. In 1445, he was appointed as Malacca's representative in Klang. Tun Perak was then appointed as bendahara in 1456 after he upset the Siamese attack against Malacca. He stopped another Siamese invasion in 1456 as well. Tun Perak was also instrumental in colonising Pahang, Terengganu, Johor, Riau, Lingga, Bengkalis, Karimon, Rokan, Siak, Kampar, Jambi, Inderagiri and Aru. The rulers of these governments converted to Islam due to Malaccan influence. Tun Perak was very loyal towards the Malaccan Sultanate. When his son, Tun Besar was killed by Sultan Mahmud Shah's son Raja Muhammad due to a misunderstanding, he did not seek revenge against the sultan. Instead, he requested Raja Muhammad to be crowned elsewhere. The sultan honored Tun Perak's request, therefore Raja Muhammad was made a sultan in Pahang.

He died in 1498 and was replaced by his younger brother Tun Perpatih Putih. His death signified what is widely held to be the beginning of the Malaccan Empire's decline.

Awards and recognitions

Places named after him

Several places were named after him, including:

  • Kolej Tun Perak, a residential college at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
  • Kolej Tun Perak, a residential college at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Alor Gajah, Malacca
  • SMK Tun Perak, a secondary school in Jasin, Malacca
  • SMK Tun Perak, a secondary school in Padang Rengas, Perak
  • SMK Tun Perak, a secondary school at Jalan Salleh in Muar, Johor Darul Takzim
  • SMK Agama Tun Perak, a secondary school in Jasin, Malacca
  • SRA Taman Tun Perak, a primary school in Kajang, Selangor
  • Taman Tun Perak, a residential area in Cheras, Selangor
  • Jalan Tun Perak in Kuala Lumpur
  • Jalan Tun Perak in Malacca
  • Jalan Tun Perak in Ipoh, Perak

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdul Razak Hussein</span> Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1970 to 1976

Tun Haji Abdul Razak bin Dato' Hussein was a Malaysian lawyer and politician who served as the second prime minister of Malaysia from 1970 until his death in 1976. He also served as the first deputy prime minister of Malaysia from 1957 to 1970. He is referred to as the Father of Development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hussein Onn</span> Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1976 to 1981

Tun Hussein bin Dato' Onn was a Malaysian lawyer and politician who served as the third prime minister of Malaysia from the death of his predecessor Abdul Razak Hussein in 1976 to his retirement in 1981. Moreover, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sri Gading from 1974 to 1981, representing Barisan Nasional (BN) and United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He was granted the soubriquet Father of Unity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bendahara</span> Head of the Malay nobility

Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1963 in Malaysia</span> List of events

This article lists important figures and events in Malayan and Malaysian public affairs during the year 1963, together with births and deaths of significant Malaysians. The Federation of Malaya merged with Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak to form the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1986 in Malaysia</span> List of events

This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1986, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians.

This article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1955, as well as births and deaths of significant Malayans.

Tun Fatimah was a well-known heroine and daughter of Tun Mutahir the Malaccan bendahara who lived during the 16th century. She was married to Malacca's Sultan Mahmud Shah.

This article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1950, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.

Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad, better known as Tun Sri Lanang, was the Bendahara of the royal Court of Johor Sultanate who lived between the 16th and 17th centuries. He served under two Sultans of Johor, namely; Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II (1570–1597) and Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III (1597–1615) and also advisers to 3 Acheh sultans namely; Sultan Iskandar Muda, Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636–1641) and Sultana Tajul Alam Safiatuddin Shah (1641–1675). He had two honorific titles throughout his lifetime; as the Bendahara of Johor, Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Mohamad, while he was given the title of Orang Kaya Dato' Bendahara Seri Paduka Tun Seberang after settling in Aceh.

Sultan Muzaffar Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah was the fifth Sultan of Malacca. He ruled from 1446 to 1459. He is the son of Sultan Muhammad Shah. The original name of Sultan Muzaffar Shah is Raja Kassim and known as Sulutan Wudafona Sha in History of Ming of China.

Sultan Abu Syahid Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah whose real name was Raja Ibrahim, was the 4th Sultan of the Malaccan Sultanate from 1444 to 1446. Despite the fact that Malacca was a Muslim kingdom, Syahid Shah was a practising Hindu. He styled himself as Raja Sri Parameswara Deva Shah. Appointment of Raja Ibrahim as 4th Sultan of Malacca was unpopular because of his young age. His predecessor, Sultan Muhammad Shah had allegedly seen the Islamic prophet Muhammad in his dream and converted to Islam. Syahid Shah on taking a Hindu title represented a traditionalist reaction in Malacca against Islam, the new religion. He reigned for only seventeen months, after which he was killed in a plot allegedly conspired by the Tamil Muslim Bendahara, , Raja Kassim, son of Muhammad Shah, Tun Perpatih Sedang and Datuk Bendahara Seri Amar Diraja. Syahid Shah was then given the title Abu Syahid, which means "the Martyred King".

Tun Perpatih Putih was the 6th bendahara of the Sultanate of Malacca. He succeeded his brother, Tun Perak, in 1498. He has been described as an ineffective bendahara or prime minister, claimed to be due to his old age. Under his administration, political corruption was high in Malacca and struggles between the Gujarat Muslim and Malay people intensified. He was succeeded by the temenggung Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Mutahir in 1500 on his death.

Bendahara Sri Nara Diraja Tun Ali was a Tamil Muslim and the fourth bendahara of the Malacca Sultanate. He was the penghulu bendahari of Malacca before becoming bendahara. He allegedly conspired to assassinate the sultan of Malacca, Raja Sri Parameswara Dewa Shah. According to other sources, Tun Ali and his nephew, Raja Kassim was conspiring to murder Raja Rokan who was disliked by palace officials. It was said that during the attack, Raja Rokan who was with Sri Parameswara stabbed the king in retaliation to an attacker stabbing Raja Rokan. Tun Ali and Raja Kassim was unable to save the king. Tun Ali then installed Raja Kassim as the monarch of Malacca who took the title Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Tun Ali stepped down in 1446 upon the advice of Sultan Muzaffar in favour of Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 in Malaysia</span> List of events

This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 2010, together with the deaths of notable Malaysians. Malaysia Day, 16 September was celebrated as a national holiday for the first time.

Pahang Old Royal Mausoleum is a Pahang royal burial grounds at Kampung Marhum, Kuala Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azlan Shah of Perak</span> Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 1989 to 1994

Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yussuff Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-lah was Sultan of Perak from 1984 until his death in 2014, and previously reigned as the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitutional monarch of Malaysia, from 1989 to 1994.

High Performance School also known as HPS is a prestigious title conferred to a group of schools in Malaysia that have ethos, character and a unique identity to excel in all aspects of education. The schools have a tradition of high culture and excellent work with the national human capital and continuing to grow holistically and are competitive in the international arena. The title is given by Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE). This is a section of a part of the National Key Result Areas of Government Transformation Programme (GTP).

Sultan Muhammad Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mansur Shah (1455–1475) was the founder of the old Pahang Sultanate who reigned from 1470 to 1475. A former heir apparent to the Melaka throne, he was banished by his father Mansur Shah for committing murder, following an incident in a Sepak Raga game and went into exile in Pahang, later installed as its first Sultan in 1470.

Dewa Sura was a ruler of the Old Pahang kingdom who reigned in the middle of the 15th century. His name was described in the Malay Annals as the last Maharaja of Pahang, whose kingdom was conquered by Malacca Sultanate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pahang Sultanate</span> Old sultanate of Pahang, Malaysia

The Pahang Sultanate also referred as the Old Pahang Sultanate, as opposed to the modern Pahang Sultanate, was a Malay Muslim state established in the eastern Malay Peninsula in the 15th century. At the height of its influence, the sultanate was an important power in Southeast Asian history and controlled the entire Pahang basin, bordering to the north, the Pattani Sultanate, and adjoined to that of Johor Sultanate to the south. To the west, it also extended jurisdiction over part of modern-day Selangor and Negeri Sembilan.

References

  1. "Untitled Document". sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2022.

Bibliography

Tun Perak
Tun Perak.jpg
5th Bendahara of the Sultanate of Malacca
In office
1456–1498