Named after | Declaration of Arbroath |
---|---|
Formation | 1967 |
Founder | Figures including Frederick Boothby, Hugh MacDiarmid, Oliver Brown, Douglas Young and Wendy Wood |
Dissolved | 1982 |
Merger of | Siol nan Gaidheal |
Purpose | Scottish nationalism |
Main organ | Catalyst |
The 1320 Club was a Scottish nationalist campaign group.
The club was named after the date of the Declaration of Arbroath, a document proclaiming Scotland's independence, [1] It was founded in 1967 by figures including Frederick Boothby, Hugh MacDiarmid, Oliver Brown, Douglas Young and Wendy Wood. [2] Most of its founders were members of the Scottish National Party (SNP) who had recently worked together in the Scottish National Congress, which had dissolved in 1964. [1] The club was not limited to SNP figures, but claimed to seek a wider consensus, similar to the early days of the SNP or to the Scottish Covenant Association. [3] In order to further this, membership of the organisation, other than among its leading figures, was kept secret, [4] and was by invitation only. This prompted sharp criticism from Hamish Henderson, who rejected his invitation to join. [5]
Internally, the group initially had a structure based on a political cabinet, led by a "Co-ordinator of Committees", supported by a team of convenors, each with responsibility for a different policy area. [2] Soon, Boothby was appointed Secretary, MacDiarmid as President and Ian Taylor as Vice-President, in a more traditional approach, [3] while later still, some leading members of the organisation were given the title "Scottish Knight Templar". [6]
The club published a journal named Catalyst, edited by Ronald MacDonald Douglas, [7] which covered both cultural and political matters, with poetry by MacDiarmid, and a clear declaration that it would not intervene in elections, which it intended to leave to the SNP. [2] One of the club's first acts was to published a proposed constitution for an independent Scotland, based on that developed by the Scottish National Congress. [1] Another early campaign was for the SNP's parliamentary candidates to commit to a policy of abstentionism in the Westminster parliament, and instead to convene their own body in Edinburgh. It also argued that such a body would have the right to arm itself in defence against England, and this advocacy of paramilitary action led the SNP to expel its members in 1968, [1] amid claims that the group incorporated fascist ideology. [8] Boothby in particular was keen on this approach, having previous called for a "Scottish Liberation Army", [2] and he secretly formed such a group, the "Army of the Provisional Government", which conducted some bombings and a robbery. [1] In 1975, he was convicted of conspiracy and left the group. [3]
During the 1970s, the club strongly suggested that the Stone of Scone which had been returned to London following its theft in the 1950s was not the original, and they gave a stone to St Columba's Church in Dundee which they claimed was genuine. This was not widely believed, and the stone was later transferred to Dull, Perthshire and then in 1989 given to an individual who self-identified as a "Scottish Knight Templar". [6]
In 1982, the club merged into Siol nan Gaidheal. [1]
Arbroath Abbey, in the Scottish town of Arbroath, was founded in 1178 by King William the Lion for a group of Tironensian Benedictine monks from Kelso Abbey. It was consecrated in 1197 with a dedication to the deceased Saint Thomas Becket, whom the king had met at the English court. It was William's only personal foundation — he was buried before the high altar of the church in 1214.
The Declaration of Arbroath is the name usually given to a letter, dated 6 April 1320 at Arbroath, written by Scottish barons and addressed to Pope John XXII. It constituted King Robert I's response to his excommunication for disobeying the pope's demand in 1317 for a truce in the First War of Scottish Independence. The letter asserted the antiquity of the independence of the Kingdom of Scotland, denouncing English attempts to subjugate it.
The Stone of Scone, also known as the Stone of Destiny, is an oblong block of red sandstone that was used originally in the coronation of the monarchs of Scotland and, after the 13th century, the coronation of the monarchs of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. It is also known as Jacob's Pillow Stone and the Tanist Stone, and as clach-na-cinneamhain in Scottish Gaelic.
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The Westminster Stone theory is the belief held by some historians and scholars that the stone which traditionally rests under the Coronation Chair is not the true Stone of Destiny but a 13th-century substitute. Since the chair has been located in Westminster Abbey since that time, adherents to this theory have created the title 'Westminster Stone' to avoid confusion with the 'real' stone.
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Bo'ness Rebels Literary Society, was a Scottish nationalist organisation, and song collective, operating in Bo'ness, Scotland, between 1948 and 1976, with close links to the Scottish National Party, and its publications department. It was chaired by Mr William Kellock, who was an officer at the bank of Scotland in the town. Following their inaugural event in January 1948, they held events roughly every fews months, which were frequented by many famous Scots associated with the advancement of Scottish independence, the Scottish Renaissance and the Scottish Folk Revival. Namely Thurso Berwick, Hamish Henderson, Hugh MacDiarmid, Wendy Wood and Dr. Robert Mcintyre, among others. They continued to publish song books until late 1966.