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Tasmania is an island state of Australia. It is located 240 km (150 mi) to the south of the Australian mainland, separated by Bass Strait. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 1000 islands. The state has a population of about 541,000 people as of September 2020. The state capital and largest city is Hobart, with around 40 percent of the population living in the Greater Hobart area.
Van Diemen's Land was the name of the British crown colony and a name for the island of Tasmania. The name of the colony was changed to Tasmania in 1856.
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III on 7 October 1763. It followed the Treaty of Paris (1763), which formally ended the Seven Years' War and transferred French territory in North America to Great Britain. The Proclamation forbade all settlements west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains, which was delineated as an Indian Reserve. Exclusion from the vast region of Trans-Appalachia created discontent between Britain and colonial land speculators and potential settlers. The proclamation and access to western lands was one of the first significant areas of dispute between Britain and the colonies and would become a contributing factor leading to the American Revolution. The 1763 proclamation line is similar to the Eastern Continental Divide's path running northwards from Georgia to the Pennsylvania–New York border and north-eastwards past the drainage divide on the St. Lawrence Divide from there northwards through New England.
The Aboriginal Tasmanians are the Aboriginal people of the Australian island of Tasmania, located south of the mainland. For much of the 20th century, the Tasmanian Aboriginal people were widely, and erroneously, thought of as being an extinct cultural and ethnic group that had been intentionally exterminated by white settlers. Contemporary figures (2016) for the number of people of Tasmanian Aboriginal descent vary according to the criteria used to determine this identity, ranging from 6,000 to over 23,000.
Truganini was a woman incorrectly considered by European colonists to have been the last Aboriginal Tasmanian, although she was outlived by Fanny Cochrane Smith (1834–1905). Aboriginal Tasmanians maintain their culture and identity till the present day.
The Black War was the period of violent conflict between British colonists and Aboriginal Australians in Tasmania from the mid-1820s to 1832. The conflict, fought largely as a guerrilla war by both sides, claimed the lives of 600 to 900 Aboriginal people and more than 200 European colonists, nearly annihilating the island's indigenous population. The near-destruction of the Aboriginal Tasmanians, and the frequent incidence of mass killings, has sparked debate among historians over whether the Black War should be defined as an act of genocide.
The history of Tasmania begins at the end of the most recent ice age when it is believed that the island was joined to the Australian mainland. Little is known of the human history of the island until the British colonisation in the 19th century.
Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet was Lieutenant Governor of British Honduras from 1814 to 1822, Van Diemen's Land from 1823 to 1837. The campaign against Aboriginal Tasmanians, known as the Black War, occurred during this term of office. He later served as Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada from 1838 to 1841, and Governor of Bombay from 1842 to 1846.
Keith Windschuttle is an Australian writer, historian, and former ABC board member.
John Batman was an Australian grazier, entrepreneur and explorer, best known for his role in the founding of Melbourne.
The Boon wurrung, are Aboriginal Australians of the Kulin nation, who occupy from Werribee River to Wilsons Prom, Victoria, Australia. Before British colonisation, they lived as all people of the Kulin nation lived, sustainably on the land, for tens of thousands of years. They were called the Western Port or Port Philip tribe by the early settlers, and were in alliance with other tribes in the Kulin nation, having particularly strong ties to the Wurundjeri people.
Ben Lomond is a mountain in the north-east of Tasmania, Australia.
Recherche Bay is an oceanic embayment, part of which is listed on the National Heritage Register, located on the extreme south-eastern corner of Tasmania, Australia. It was a landing place of the d’Entrecasteaux expedition to find missing explorer La Pérouse. It is named in honour of the Recherche, one of the expedition's ships. The Nuenonne name for the bay is Leillateah.
Campbell Town is a town in Tasmania, Australia, on the Midland Highway. At the 2006 census, the town had a population of 772.
Indigenous Australians are people with familial heritage to groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They include the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia. The term Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples or the person's specific cultural group, is often preferred, though the terms First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia and First Australians are also increasingly common.
Australian frontier wars is a term applied by some historians to violent conflicts between Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous settlers during the British colonisation of Australia. The first fighting took place several months after the landing of the First Fleet in January 1788 and the last clashes occurred in the early 20th century, as late as 1934. A minimum of 40,000 Indigenous Australians and between 2,000 and 2,500 settlers died in the wars. However, recent scholarship on the frontier wars in what is now the state of Queensland indicates that Indigenous fatalities may have been significantly higher. Indeed, while battles and massacres occurred in a number of locations across Australia, they were particularly bloody in Queensland, owing to its comparatively larger pre-contact Indigenous population.
The British colonisation of Tasmania took place between 1803 and 1830. Tasmania was a British colony from 1856 until 1901, at which time it joined five other colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia. By the end of the colonisation in 1830 the British Empire had annexed large parts of mainland Australia, and all of Tasmania.
The Woiwurrung, also spelt Woi Wurrung, Woiwurrong, Woiworung, Wuywurung, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Woiwurrung language group, in the Kulin alliance.
Governor Davey's Proclamation is a misnomer for an illustrated proclamation issued in Tasmania by the British government after 1 November 1828. Although attributed to Governor Davey it was first authorised by Lieutenant Governor George Arthur. Several illustrated narrative versions of the proclamation were created over time. Many of these four-strip pictograms were originally painted onto Huon pine boards using oil paints. Of approximately 100 proclamation boards produced there are seven known to survive in public collections.
Luggenemenener was an early nineteenth-century Tasmanian Aborigine woman, who lived in the early 1800s. She endured the Black Wars and risked her life to protect her young son from a genocide of her people. Her homeland was in north-east Tasmania's Ben Lomond region. According to the French explorer Nicolas Baudin, Tasmania was originally known as Lutruwita.
References
- ↑ James Bonwick (1870). The last of the Tasmanians: or, The Black War of Van Diemen's Land. Johnson Reprint Corp. pp. 78–.
- ↑ Dr Khadija von Zinnenburg Carroll (28 April 2014). Art in the Time of Colony. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 92–. ISBN 978-1-4094-5596-7.
- 1 2 Sharon Morgan (11 December 2003). Land Settlement in Early Tasmania: Creating an Antipodean England. Cambridge University Press. pp. 151–. ISBN 978-0-521-52296-0.
- ↑ Rod Edmond (30 November 2006). Leprosy and Empire: A Medical and Cultural History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 193–. ISBN 978-1-139-46287-7.