Related Research Articles
The Jordanian protests were a series of protests in Jordan that began in January 2011, and resulted in the firing of the cabinet ministers of the government. In its early phase, protests in Jordan were initially against unemployment, inflation, corruption. along with demanding for real constitutional monarchy and electoral reforms.
The 2011 Djiboutian protests were widespread demonstrations and riots that took place between January and March 2011 in Djibouti, situated in the Horn of Africa. A member of the Arab League, the protests in Djibouti showed a clear influence from the concurrent Arab Spring protests in North Africa and the Arabian peninsula. The demonstrations ended after mass arrests and the barring of international observers.
The sentencing of nine Catalan independence leaders in a 2019 trial by the Supreme Court of Spain triggered protests in Catalonia. They were convicted of sedition and other crimes against the Spanish state for their role in the organization of the 2017 Catalan independence referendum.
The 1992 Tajikistan protests, also known as the Tajikistani Revolution, were nonviolent, bloodless protests and demonstrations against the results of the 1991 Tajik presidential election. These results were thought to be rigged and in favour of the president Rahmon Nabiyev. Opposition rallies erupted in March 1992 but demonstrations became large-scale by May, at the onset of violence. These series of peaceful protests would lead to the bloody Tajikistani Civil War.
The 2003 Azerbaijani protests was a series of opposition demonstrations and a violent crackdown against protesters and the 2003 Azerbaijani presidential election results. On the evening of 15 October, anti-government protests erupted, killing 2 when police opened fire with rubber bullets in an attempt to dispel the peaceful sit-ins. These protests were the biggest since the 1998 Azerbaijani presidential election protests.
The 2019–2020 Guinean protests, or the Front National Pour La Défense De La Constitution (FNDC), were a series of violent protests and mass civil unrest around Guinea against the rule of Alpha Conde that first broke out on 14 October 2019 against constitutional changes. More than 800 were killed in violent clashes and political scenes yet ethnic clashes and this spawned even further rhetoric, while the protesters still resisted despite the harsh repression. After the 2020 Guinean presidential election, widespread unrest took place, leading to the deaths of 27 protesters.
The 2007–2008 Senegalese protests were ongoing opposition protests and civil demonstrations, riots and strikes in Senegal over many issues. One of the main issues were deteriorating economic conditions and food price hikes due to the 2007–2008 world food price crisis. Hundreds attended rallies from January, March and September, before the biggest wave of protests. Demonstrators were met with bullets and tear gas. Water cannon was also shot at demonstrators demanding democratic reforms and justice from the government, yet the resignation of president Abdoulaye Wade. Thousands threw stones on demonstrators in November 2007, after a week-long uprising and bloody crackdown nationwide. Clashes between protesters and security forces, who launched strike action. After protests in December, protests calmed and ceased for 2–3 months until March–April 2008 when tanks was deployed after opposition protests and food riots in Dakar. Four people were killed in the uprising and ensuing clashes. Violent protests rocked the country until 28 April 2008, when two demonstrators were killed in clashes.
The 2011–2012 Tunisia protests was a series of increasingly violent street demonstrations characterised by popular unrest and civil riots against economic grievances and deteriorating conditions in Tunisia. Inequality and unemployment has also been a trigger of nationwide civil disorder and massive disobedience. The fresh protests first began as a wave of national peaceful protests on 14–21 January against the government and demanded a civilian government and fresh elections to be held immediately. Instead, the interim government has led the 2011 Tunisian presidential election. But the protests adapted to different towns and regions, and mass demonstrations re-erupted nationwide. In 2012, massive labour strikes and anti-government riots have been ongoing, with police brutality becoming violent and more extreme. Women strikes and hunger strikes had been held nationwide in August–September. University students also led national student protests in protest at economic conditions. Nationwide protests against the government and Police brutality led by youths had been held in Tunis, Sousse and Gafsa and poor neighbourhoods in cities nationwide in November–December. 8 were killed in the mass uprising and political movement. Insurrectional demonstrations continued and ultimately led to the 2013–2014 Tunisian political crisis.
The 2020 Ivorian protests were a series of massive rioting and increasingly violent street demonstrations adding to the growing massive street protests and civil disorder sweeping Ivory Coast. The protests were against the results and the re-run of president Alassane Ouattara. These protests were major anti-government opposition protests, and consisted of supporters of opposition protests in Abidjan and other cities in support of democratic reforms. Protesters used nonviolent tactics but met with intense violence back from the riot police.
The 2003 Iranian student protests was a series of nationwide rallies and student protests in Iran against president Mohammad Khatami and demanded more liberal democratic reforms and justice over the deaths in the Iran student protests, July 1999. Massive protests and General strikes first began on 12 June, when anti-government demonstrators chanted slogans against president Mohammad Khatami and his reign in power. The wave of popular, chaotic demonstrations became the most violent and most biggest since 1999. Protesters had a clear demand, a more liberal democratic government and fresh Elections to be held. Fresh street protests culminated into violence as Riots broke out in Tehran, Abadan and teachers also started to rally. The student demonstrations consisted of Lobbying, Looting and Picketing. Mass protests strengthened and brewed, drawing international attention, and protesters also demanded Democracy, an end to Police brutality, Unemployment and Poverty to be curbed, Free speech and Free rights, Independent Media and free student education. Protests continued daily, triggering the Iran Revolutionary Guards to be sent to disperse protesters. Protesters chanted slogans and anti-corruption chants as marchers clashed with police at peaceful demonstrations in Mahshahr, where protest sites have been located, as well as Qom. Police tackled the Civil disobedience and nonviolent uprising by using Live ammunition and Rubber bullets to disperse protesters. The security forces managed to quell the mass uprising using brutal tactics after more demands was met in growing opposition street demonstrations by teachers and workers to president Mohammad Khatami. The protests first began after new plans to privatise universities by thousands of civilians and citizens, mainly young people, then turned into sustained anti-government rallies calling for the overthrow pd the regime. The anti-regime protests was the biggest since 1999, but protests was suppressed by the security forces, their demands was suppressed.
The Iranian protests are a series of ongoing demonstrations and government crackdowns erupting nationwide in Iran since 2016. The protests with the intention of removing the Iranian government are often fueled by low wages, unemployment, inflation, government corruption, an ongoing water crisis, Persian nationalist fervor and the government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The 2015 Ethiopian uprising was mass protests and riots as a wave of unprecedented protests that swept Ethiopia after the Addis Ababa Master Plan was announced on 12 November.
The 2017–2018 Moroccan protests, or more commonly known as Hogra was mass demonstrations, popular protests and strike actions carried out by activists, civilians and hundreds of thousands of ordinary Moroccans in Morocco, staring in the town of Jerada protesting the deaths of 2 miners.
The 1990–1992 movement in Madagascar was a strike movement and popular uprising that rocked Madagascar demanding free results of elections, new constitution and shared their dissatisfaction with the government in Madagascar which led to elections and the fall of the government in 1990–1992.
The 2020 Venezuelan protests were mass demonstrations against food shortages, medicine and fuel shortages and the Crisis in Venezuela. Police has used Tear gas, Rubber bullets and Live ammunition to quell the mass uprising and strike movement, killing 6 altogether.
The Ecuadorian Revolution of 2005 was mass demonstrations, general strikes and popular rioting that paralysed Ecuador in 2005 and violent clashes rocked the nation as part of a nationwide uprising and a widespread crackdown on unrest against President Lucio Gutiérrez. What started as nonviolent anti-government protests in March mushroomed into violent rioting and a countywide revolution that led to clashes. Protesters demanded the fall of the government and an end to corruption. Political tensions have been rising since the return of former President Abdalá Bucaram to Ecuador and a ruling by the Supreme Court clearing him of corruption charges.
The 2019 Italian protests was a wave of mass demonstrations and unprecedented wave of massive protest rallies and economic marches led by unions, students and employees demanding the fall of the government of Matteo Salvini and better economic conditions and economic policies to be scrapped. The anti-government movement began in February, in Milan and Turin, protesting economic conditions and began to follow calls for mass demonstrations. Demonstrators marched and chanted using placards and designs, letters, gatherings, meetings and speeches as a tactics to rally and March. Rallying and rallies called for supporters was held weekly in February–March, protesting in their hundreds of thousands with yellow vests and workers used vests of different colours against the governmental policies and in support of Deputy PM Luigi Di Maio. Protesters called for the government, to resign and kept on mounting pressure on government officials. Popular protests consorted of carnivals, parades and chanting, clapping and Union-led slogans depicting the government. In the movement, there was some anarchist-style violence, especially during the strikes in Turin, when anarchist protesters threw projectiles at police. Opposition and street protests to Matteo Salvini continued in Milan, where protesters denounced the right-wing government. Large crowds demanded democratic reforms and the populist government to resign while using balloons, phone lights, candles, flags and ribbons. Rallies led by labour unions and millions of ordinary civilians occurred in May–June and September–October, demanding climate action, fall of government and denouncing far-right policies. Protesters used human chains to link them up and in squares, hundreds of thousands protested with using their arms and making signals and symbols with their arms. Tens of thousands participated in General strikes in Verona and Rome, on the anniversary of the 1922 Italian general strike and campaigned to denounce violence against women. In some cases, chaos erupted when Riot police would fire Tear gas at protesters in towns amid dozens participate in rallies, and demonstrators would be slashed with batons.
The 2019 Albanian protests was massive demonstrations and violent protests led by the opposition, who staged massive rallies in Albania between February-June, calling for the cancellation of the 2019 Albanian local elections, fresh elections, resignation of prime minister Edi Rama and his entire cabinet and the installation of a new technocrat government.
The 2021 Paraguayan protests are mass protests and violent demonstrations against the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay, calling for the resignation of Mario Abdo Benítez and his entire cabinet. The demonstrations left hundreds injured and many critically wounded after citizen protests and looting across the country. It resulted in the resignation of health minister Julio Mazzoleni.
References
- ↑ "Dominican protests turn violent". BBC. 12 November 2003.
- ↑ "Man Dies in Dominican Republic Protests". AP News. August 21, 2003.
- ↑ "Six die in Dominican IMF protests". BrentwoodProject. 24 November 2003.
- ↑ "Dominicans strike for national economic reform, 2003-2004". Global Nonviolent Action Database. 31 March 2013.