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Neo-Nazism comprises the post–World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and white supremacy, attack racial and ethnic minorities, and in some cases to create a fascist state.
Right-wing terrorism, hard right terrorism, extreme right terrorism or far-right terrorism is terrorism that is motivated by a variety of different right-wing and far-right ideologies, most prominently, it is motivated by neo-Nazism, anti-communism, neo-fascism, ecofascism, ethnonationalism, religious nationalism, and anti-government patriot/sovereign citizen beliefs, and occasionally, it is motivated by opposition to abortion, tax resistance, and homophobia. Modern right-wing terrorism largely emerged in Western Europe in the 1970s, and after the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it emerged in Eastern Europe and Russia.
In the United States, a common definition of terrorism is the systematic or threatened use of violence in order to create a general climate of fear to intimidate a population or government and thereby effect political, religious, or ideological change. This article serves as a list and a compilation of acts of terrorism, attempts to commit acts of terrorism, and other such items which pertain to terrorist activities which are engaged in by non-state actors or spies who are acting in the interests of state actors or persons who are acting without the approval of foreign governments within the domestic borders of the United States.
The Nordic Resistance Movement is a pan-Nordic neo-Nazi movement in Scandinavia and a political party in Sweden. It is established in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark, and also has members in Iceland. The NRM has been described as a terrorist organization due to their aim of abolishing democracy along with their paramilitary activities, weapons caches and connections to proscribed terrorist organizations such as the Russian Imperial Movement and National Action. There has been an international effort to outlaw the organization as a terrorist entity and it has been banned in Finland since 2019.
National Action is a British right-wing extremist and Neo-Nazi terrorist organisation based in Warrington. Founded in 2013, the group is secretive, and has rules to prevent members from talking about it openly. It has been a proscribed organisation in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act 2000 since 16 December 2016, the first far-right group to be proscribed since the Second World War. In March 2017, an undercover investigation by ITV found that its members were still meeting in secret. It is believed that since its proscription, National Action has organised itself in a similar way to the also-banned Salafi jihadist Al-Muhajiroun network.
Combat 18 is a neo-Nazi terrorist organisation that was founded in 1992. It originated in the United Kingdom, with ties to movements in Canada and the United States. Since then it has spread to other countries, including Germany. Combat 18 members have been suspected of being involved and directly responsible in the deaths of numerous immigrants, non-whites, German politician Walter Lübcke and other C18 members.
The Right Stuff is a neo-Nazi, Holocaust denial, and white nationalist conspiracy theory media website hosting a blog and discussion forum, as well as podcasts, including The Daily Shoah. Founded by American neo-Nazi and antisemitic conspiracy theorist Mike Peinovich, the blog promoted the use of "echoes", an antisemitic marker which uses triple parentheses around names to identify Jews on social media. Alex McNabb, a co-host of The Daily Shoah, was fired from his job as an emergency medical technician following violent and racist comments he expressed on the podcast.
Jack Andrew Renshaw is a convicted child sex offender, terrorist and former spokesperson for the neo-Nazi organisation National Action. He was an economics and politics student at Manchester Metropolitan University and an organiser for the British National Party (BNP) youth wing, BNP Youth. On 12 June 2018, Renshaw pleaded guilty to preparing an act of terrorism, with the intention of killing the Labour MP Rosie Cooper, and to making a threat to murder a police officer.
The Atomwaffen Division, also known as the National Socialist Resistance Front is an international right-wing extremist and neo-Nazi terrorist network. Formed in 2013 and based in the Southern United States, it has since expanded across the United States and into the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, the Baltic states, and other European countries. The group is described as a part of the alt-right by some journalists, but it rejects the label and it is considered extreme even within that movement. It is listed as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), and it is also designated as a terrorist group by multiple governments, including the United Kingdom and Canada.
Brandon Clint Russell is a Bahamian American Neo-Nazi leader and the founder of the Atomwaffen Division.
The True Blue Crew (TBC) is an Australian far-right extremist group. Members and supporters have been linked to right-wing terrorism and vigilantism, and members have been arrested with weapons and on terrorism-related charges. Experts who have studied the group say it appears to be "committed to violence".
Far-right politics in Australia describes authoritarian ideologies, including fascism and White supremacy as they manifest in Australia.
The Base is a white nationalist accelerationist paramilitary group and training network, formed in 2018 by Rinaldo Nazzaro. It is active in the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, and Europe.
The Group Freital (FTL/360) was a German right-wing anti-Islamic group in Freital near Dresden.
Hannibal was the name of a network of far-right prepper groups and individuals operating in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, which coordinated via the chat service Telegram in anticipation of the government's collapse on what they dubbed "Tag X". Founded in 2015, the network was subject to an investigation by German authorities in 2017, at which time its founder ordered the deletion of the chat groups. However, government investigations into members of groups affiliated with "Hannibal" are ongoing.
In Finland, the far right was strongest in 1920–1940 when the Academic Karelia Society, Lapua Movement, Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) and Export Peace operated in the country and had hundreds of thousands of members. In addition to these dominant far-right and fascist organizations, smaller Nazi parties operated as well.
Far-right terrorism in Australia has been seen as an increasing threat since the late 2010s, with a number of far-right extremist individuals and groups, including neo-Nazis and other hate groups, becoming known to authorities, in particular the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) and the Australian Federal Police (AFP). In early 2021 the first far-right extremist group was added to the list of proscribed terrorist groups, this group being the Sonnenkrieg Division.
References
- 1 2 Dearden, Lizzie (23 October 2015). "Neo-Nazis are accused of a plan to attack refugee centres in Germany with explosives". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01.
- ↑ Buchanan, Elsa (23 October 2015). "German police foil Neo-Nazi terror attack on refugee shelter". International Business Times UK.