2018 Swiss Federal Council election

2018 Swiss Federal Council by-elections

←  2015 (regular) ← 2017 (by-) 5 December 2018 2019  →
2 of the 7 Federal Councillors
Leuthard's seat
Candidate Viola Amherd Heidi Z'graggen Gerhard Pfister Party Christian Democrats Christian Democrats Christian Democrats Electoral vote 148 60 17
Schneider-Ammann's seat
Candidate Karin Keller-Sutter Hans Wicki Party FDP.The Liberals FDP.The Liberals Electoral vote 154 56

By-elections to the Swiss Federal Council were held on 5 December 2018, after federal councillors Johann Schneider-Ammann (FDP-BE) and Doris Leuthard (CVP-AG) announced in September they would leave the Council effective 31 December of the same year.

The by-elections resulted in the elections of Karin Keller-Sutter (FDP-SG) and Viola Amherd (CVP-VS), yielding no change in the partisan composition of the council. ^{[1] [2]} Women re-gained a third seat in the Council, with the first simultaneous election of two women. ^[3] The languages also retained the same representation (4 german-speakers, 2 french-speakers, and 1 italian-speaker) and catholics represented the majority of the federal council for the first time. ^[4]

Background

In Switzerland, the 7-seat executive Federal Council is apportioned between the parties following the unwritten agreement known as the Magic formula. The formula was followed from 1959 to 2008, and re-appeared in 2015; since 2003 the composition is: SVP 2 seats, SP 2 seats, FDP 2 seats, and CVP 1 seat.

Federal councillors are traditionally re-elected until they step down, only four ever lost re-election. Councillors more often stand down during their term as it allows their party to get more visibility at a moment other than shortly after a general election. ^[5]

On 25 September 2018, the FDP councillor Johann Schneider-Ammann (elected to the council in 2010) announced he would resign effective 31 December; two days later the CVP councillor Doris Leuthard announced her departure as well after having evoked it during the campaign of the previous year's by-election. Following the Magic formula, only FDP candidates stood for Schneider-Ammann's seat and only CVP candidates stood for Leuthard's seat.

The negative campaigning around Isabelle Moret in the previous year's Federal Council by-election let to criticisms of women's reduced position in politics, especially as one of the only two women still on the Federal Council (Doris Leuthard) was expected to retire the next year. In this election the CVP fielded two women as its official candidates to replace her.

Electoral system

The seat is elected using an absolute majority with an exhaustive ballot, each seat being filled independently. In the first two rounds members of the Federal Assembly can vote for anyone eligible, but only those receiving at least ten votes are announced in the results; from the third round onwards only candidates who received at least ten votes in one of the first two rounds are eligible, the last-placed candidate is eliminated until someone reaches an overall majority. ^[6]

Candidates

Leuthard's seat

The center-right CVP fielded two candidates, both from allemanic Switzerland: ^[7]

• Viola Amherd (CVP-VS), National Councillor for Valais (2005–)
• Heidi Z'graggen (CVP-UR), Uri Executive Councillor (2004–)

A third person received over ten votes despite not being candidate:

• Gerhard Pfister (CVP-ZG), National Councillor for Zug (2003–) and President of the CVP (2016–)

• 
  National Councillor
  Viola Amherd
  from Valais
• 
  State Councillor
  Heidi Z'graggen
  of Uri
• 
  National Councillor
  Gerhard Pfister
  from Zug

Viola Amherd had already received 16 votes in the election to fill Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf's seat in 2015 although she had not put her name forward as a candidate. She described herself as "in the center of the center". ^[8]

Amherd was seen as more likely to win, 75% chance according to a SonntagsZeitung and MatinDimanche analysis; she benefited of the agrarians, the states councillors, and the CVP group while Z'graggen was expected to lead in the FDP and SVP groups. ^{[3] [9]}

The CVP, SP, and GPS endorsed both declared candidates. The SVP endorsed Heidi Z'graggen, while the GLP and BDP endorsed Viola Amherd. ^{[2] [6]}

Schneider-Ammann's seat

The center-right party FDP.The Liberals fielded two candidates, both from allemanic Switzerland even though all cantonal parties could submit candidacies: ^{[2] [10]}

• Karin Keller-Sutter (FDP-SG), States Councillor for Saint-Gallen (2011–) and President of the Council of States (2017–)
• Hans Wicki (FDP-NW), States Councillor for Nidwalden (2015–) and former Nidwalden Executive Councillor (2010–2016)

• 
  States Councillor
  Karin Keller-Sutter
  from Saint-Gallen
• 
  States Councillor
  Hans Wicki
  from Nidwalden

Karin Keller-Sutter had been a candidate in 2010 to replace Hans-Rudolf Merz (FDP-AR) but was eliminated in the 4th round after only receiving 74 votes, trailing Jean-François Rime (SVP-BE) by 2 votes and to-be-elected Johann Schneider-Ammann by 10 votes. She was seen this time as the front-runner ^[3] and the party even originally considered only fielding her; a two-person ticket was ultimately proposed since it gives other parties freedom of choice and lowers the risks of surprises. ^[5]

Hans Wicki was minister for the infrastructures in his canton, and emphasized the under-representation of low-population Central Swiss cantons. ^[8]

The FDP and CVP endorsed both candidates. The SVP, SP, GPS, BDP, and GLP all endorsed Karin Keller-Sutter. ^{[2] [6]}

Results

Seat vacated by Doris Leuthard

Viola Amherd was elected to the Federal Council in the first round. She swore oath on the same day and assumed her seat on 1 January 2019. ^[2]

Despite her being elected slightly earlier, the Federal Council voted to give Keller-Sutter priority to choose her department. Amherd ultimately received the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport, considered the least senior position in the council. The department's former head, Guy Parmelin, succeeded Schneider-Ammann as head of the EAER. ^{[11] [12]}

Candidate		Party	Round 1
	Viola Amherd	CVP	148
	Heidi Z'Graggen	CVP	60
	Gerhard Pfister	CVP	17
Others			15
Valid votes			240
Absolute majority			121
Invalid votes			0
Blank votes			4
Votes cast			244

Seat vacated by Johann Schneider-Ammann

Karin Keller-Sutter was elected to the Federal Council in the first round. She swore oath on the same day and assumed her seat on 1 January 2019. ^[2]

She took the head of the Federal Department of Justice and Police, formerly headed by Simonetta Sommaruga who in turn assumed Leuthard's position as head of the DETEC. ^[13]

Candidate		Party	Round 1
	Karin Keller-Sutter	FDP	154
	Hans Wicki	FDP	56
Others			27
Valid votes			237
Absolute majority			119
Invalid votes			0
Blank votes			6
Votes cast			244

Presidential and vice presidential selection

2018 Swiss presidential election

←  2017 5 December 2018 2019  →

Candidate Ueli Maurer Party Swiss People's Electoral vote 201 / 209

President before election Alain Berset Elected President Ueli Maurer

President of the Confederation

The President of the Confederation is a member of the Federal Council elected every year, with no additional powers apart from chairing meetings of the Federal Council. Ueli Maurer (SVP-ZH) was supported by all groups, as he had served the longest on the Federal Council since being last president in 2013 and was vice-president the previous year.

Candidate		Party	Round 1
	Ueli Maurer	SVP	201
Others			8
Valid votes			209
Absolute majority			105
Invalid votes			7
Blank votes			16
Votes cast			232

Vice President of the Federal Council

The Vice President of the Federal Council is a member of the Federal Council elected every year like the President, and the presumptive president for the next year. Simonetta Sommaruga (SP-BE) was supported by all groups, as she had served the longest on the Federal Council since her last presidency in 2015.

Candidate		Party	Round 1
	Simonetta Sommaruga	SP	196
Others			20
Valid votes			216
Absolute majority			109
Invalid votes			10
Blank votes			13
Votes cast			239

References

1. L'Assemblée fédérale — Le Parlement suisse. "Élection des successeurs de la CF Doris Leuthard et du CF Johann Schneider-Ammann" [Election of the successors of the FC Doris Leuthard and of the FC Johann Schneider-Ammann]. parlament.ch. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
2. L'Assemblée fédérale — Le Parlement suisse (5 December 2018). "Assemblée fédérale (Chambres réunies) ⋅ Session d'hiver 2018 ⋅ Dix-septième séance ⋅ 05.12.18 ⋅ 08h00 ⋅ 18.215". parlament.ch. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
3. Perrin, Olivier (4 December 2018). "Avant l'élection au Conseil fédéral, on épluche les dernières tendances". Le Temps (in French). Retrieved 10 September 2022.
4. Longchamp, Claude (20 December 2018). "L'élection du Conseil fédéral a-t-elle été vraiment normale?" [Has the Federal Council election really been normal?]. Swissinfo.ch (in French).
5. Longchamp, Claude (20 December 2018). "L'élection du Conseil fédéral a-t-elle été vraiment normale?" [Has the Federal Council election really been normal?]. Swissinfo.ch (in French).
6. Talos, Christine (3 December 2018). "Élection au Conseil fédéral: le mode d'emploi" [Election to the Federal Council: the manual]. Lematin.ch (in French). Retrieved 10 September 2022.
7. L'Assemblée fédérale — Le Parlement suisse. "Démission de la conseillère fédérale Doris Leuthard - Élection de son successeur" [Resignation of the federal councillor Doris Leuthard - Election of her successor]. parlament.ch. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
8. "Élections au Conseil fédéral - L'Assemblée nationale élit ce mercredi les successeurs de Doris Leuthard et Johann Schneider-Ammann" [Elections to the Federal Council - The National Assembly elects Wednesday the successors of Doris Leuthard and Johann Schneider-Ammann]. Radio fréquence Jura (in French). 5 December 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
9. Muhieddine, Fabian (2 December 2018). "Viola Amherd a les faveurs de la cote pour le Conseil fédéral". Le Matin Dimanche . pp. 2–3. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
10. L'Assemblée fédérale — Le Parlement suisse. "Démission de Johann Schneider-Ammann, conseiller fédéral - Élection de son successeur" [Resignation of Johann Schneider-Ammann, Federal Councillor - Election of his successor]. parlament.ch. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
11. Longchamp, Claude (20 December 2018). "L'élection du Conseil fédéral a-t-elle été vraiment normale?" [Has the Federal Council election really been normal?]. Swissinfo.ch (in French).
12. "Conseil fédéral: grande valse des départements". Tribune de Genève (in French). 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
13. Longchamp, Claude (20 December 2018). "L'élection du Conseil fédéral a-t-elle été vraiment normale?" [Has the Federal Council election really been normal?]. Swissinfo.ch (in French).