2021 Gida Kiremu massacres

Last updated
2021 Gida Kiremu massacres
Part of OLA insurgency
Location Gida Kiremu, East Welega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Date18–20 August 2021
Target Amhara civilians (by the OLA)
Oromo civilians (by Amhara militias)
Deaths210
  • 150 killed on 18 August by OLA
  • 60 killed in reprisal attacks by Amhara militias
PerpetratorFlag of the Oromo Liberation Front.svg Oromo Liberation Army (August 18 attack)
Flag of Ethiopia (Blank).svg Amhara Fano militias (August 19–20 attacks)

The Gida Kiremu massacres refers to a series of attacks between 18 and 20 August 2021 when the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) targeted Amhara civilians in Gida Kiremu, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, killing over 210. The attack on 18 August killed 150 Amhara civilians, and reprisal attacks by Amhara militias killed 60 mostly-Oromo civilians the day after.

Contents

Background

The Oromo Liberation Army is the military wing of the Oromo Liberation Front, which says it fights for the rights of Oromo people. [1] After the Tigray war broke out in November 2020 between the Ethiopian government under Abiy Ahmed and the Tigray People's Liberation Front, the OLA announced an alliance with the TPLF. [2] While the OLA insurgency was relatively minor and relegated to small rural pockets before the Tigray war, Ethiopian troops were forced to move north and leave a security vacuum in Oromia, allowing the OLA to expand in 2021. [3] A conflict broke out in eastern Amhara Region and western Oromia between ethnic Amhara and Oromo civilians. Much of western Oromia is inhabited by Amhara civilians, leading to conflicts between Oromos over territorial disputes. [3]

Amhara civilians stated that due to the growing OLA insurgency in 2020 and 2021, many Amharas who were born in raised in Oromia fled their families to Amhara region, and remaining Amhara civilians geared up to defend their towns from Oromo militants and launch attacks on Oromo civilians. [4]

Massacre

Prior to the massacre, Oromia Special Forces had departed from the Gida Kiremu area. [4] News of the massacre was first reported by the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission on August 26, stating that OLA-Shane militants attacked civilians in the district of Gida Kiremu, killing Amhara civilians. [5] The EHRC stated 150 civilians were killed in the massacre, and that 60 more were killed in "ethnic retaliation" over the following days. [5] [3] The OLA immediately released a statement denying responsibility for the killings, and said that the deaths were from battles between OLA militants and an Amhara militia that crossed the regional border and attacked Oromo farmers. [6]

An Amhara resident in Gida Kiremu stated that the OLA militants came into the town armed, and that Amhara militiamen attempted to defend themselves from the incursion. [1] The administrator of East Welega Zone, where Gida Kiremu is located, stated that the OLA initially launched an incursion into the town, which was being defended by Amhara militias. After the Amharas were overrun, the OLA began slaughtering Oromo and Amhara civilians. [4]

On the day after the August 18 massacre, Amhara militias geared up and began retaliating against Oromos, killing 60 civilians, mostly Oromos. [4]

Aftermath

The Gida Kiremu massacres were the deadliest incident in the Western Oromia conflict up to that point. [3] Between November 25 and 29, 2022, ethnic Amhara Fano militants attacked Oromo civilians in Gida Kiremu, killing at least 50 civilians on November 25. [7] In the attack, Fano shot at Oromia Police and civilians. [7] They returned on November 29 and killed another 20 civilians, including a district court judge. [7]

In September 2023, the OLA accused the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF) of killing at least 31 people in attacks on civilians in Gida Kiremu. [8] The ENDF had replaced the Oromia Special Forces in April 2023. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oromo Liberation Army</span> Armed movement in Ethiopia

The Oromo Liberation Army is an armed opposition group active in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. The OLA consist primarily of former armed members of the pre-peace deal Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) who refused to disarm out of skepticism of the peace deal, and former youth protestors who grew disillusioned with nonviolent resistance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mai Kadra massacre</span> 2020 ethnic cleansing in the Tigray War of Ethiopia

The Mai Kadra massacre was a massacre and ethnic cleansing carried out during the Tigray War on 9–10 November 2020 in the town of Mai Kadra in Welkait in northwestern Ethiopia, near the Sudanese border. Responsibility was attributed to a pro-TPLF youth group and forces loyal to the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) in the EHRC-OHCHR Tigray Investigation, preliminary investigations by Amnesty International, the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) and the Ethiopian Human Rights Council (EHRCO), and interviews conducted in Mai Kadra by Agence France-Presse. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and EHRC reported that at least 5 Tigrayans were killed in Mai Kadra by Amhara militas such as Fano in retaliation. Tigrayan refugees in Sudan told multiple news outlets that Tigrayans in Mai Kadra were targeted by either Amhara militias, the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), or both.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fano (militia)</span> Amhara youth militia in Ethiopia

Fano is an ethno-nationalist Amhara militia and former protest movement. It has engaged in violent clashes throughout Ethiopia in the name of neutralizing perceived threats to the Amhara people. Fano has absorbed many units and personnel of the Amhara Regional Special Forces that did not integrate into the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF). Fano militias have been involved in armed conflicts with the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), and the ENDF. They have also clashed with the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) on the border of Ethiopia and Sudan.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">OLA insurgency</span> Armed insurgency in Ethiopia since 2018

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Events in the year 2023 in Ethiopia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War in Amhara</span> Armed conflict in Amhara Region, Ethiopia

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The War in Amhara escalated into Oromia Region and the Western Zone in Tigray Region with asymmetric involvement of the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) and the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF). Some sources predicted that the war could lead into a civil war. After the bloody Tigray War, both TPLF and the Ethiopian government signed peace agreement in Pretoria on 2 November 2022. After the Nairobi agreement, Tigrayan forces ordered to disarm, and the full sovereignty of the region restored which allowed humanitarian access. In January 2023, Tigrayan officials reported that Amhara and Eritrean troops yet not leaving the Western Tigray. The Amhara officials claim the area after the restoration of its people and consequent referendum held.

References

  1. 1 2 Endeshaw, Dawit; Mersie, Ayenat; Bavier, Joe; Elgood, Giles; Heinrich, Mark; Fick, Maggie (August 26, 2021). "Ethiopia rights commission says 150 local residents killed in attack in Oromiya". Reuters. Retrieved October 24, 2024.
  2. ↑ "Ethiopia armed group says it has alliance with Tigray forces". AP News. 2021-08-11. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Western Oromia Conflict". Ethiopia Peace Observatory. 2024-10-24. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Standard4, Addis (2021-08-26). "News Analysis: Conflicting narratives as violence hits East Wollega again, claiming hundreds of civilian lives". Addis Standard. Retrieved 2024-10-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. 1 2 Dejene, Liya (2021-08-26). "ምስራቅ ወለጋ፡ የነዋሪዎችን ደኅንነት ለማረጋገጥ የአካባቢው የፀጥታ ኃይል ሊጠናከር ይገባል". Ethiopian Human Rights Commission - EHRC. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  6. ↑ "CrisisWatch Digest August 2021" (PDF). International Crisis Group. September 2021. Retrieved October 24, 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 admin (2022-12-03). "News: District court judge, dozens of civilians killed, entire residents of a district displaced in attacks blamed on "Fano militants" in East Wollega". Addis Standard. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  8. ↑ Jalloh, Abu bakr (2023-09-21). "Rebels accuse Ethiopian gov't of massacring civilians". APAnews - African Press Agency. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
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