2024 Bulgarian parliamentary election

2024 Bulgarian parliamentary election

←  2023 9 June 2024
All 240 seats in the National Assembly 121 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	33.40% ( 5.69pp)
Party Leader % Seats +/– GERB–SDS Boyko Borisov 23.99 68 −1 DPS Delyan Peevski 16.56 47 +11 PP–DB Kiril Petkov 13.92 39 −25 Revival Kostadin Kostadinov 13.38 38 +1 BSPzB Korneliya Ninova 6.85 19 −4 ITN Slavi Trifonov 5.79 16 +5 Velichie Albena Pekova 4.52 13 New This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Results by constituency Prime Minister before Dimitar Glavchev (caretaker) Independent

Early parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 9 June 2024, ^{[1] [2]} to elect members of the National Assembly. The election coincided with the European Parliament election on the same day. ^{[1] [2]}

This parliamentary election was initially scheduled to be held before 12 June 2027; however, the planned rotation agreed to by GERB and PP–DB failed to materialise in March 2024, and no other government could be formed.

GERB–SDS had the best results, winning nearly 24% of the vote and 68 seats, but it did not obtain a majority in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 33%, which was the lowest turnout since the end of communist rule in 1989.

Background

See also: 2021–present Bulgarian political crisis and 2023 Bulgarian parliamentary election

Following several snap elections, the Bulgarian National Assembly had failed to put together a long-lasting government since 'anti-corruption' parties made a breakthrough in the April 2021 election. ^{[3] [4]} The 2023 election saw little change from 2022, with Boyko Borisov's centre-right GERB–SDS narrowly coming in first place, above the centrist PP–DB alliance. The far right Revival (VAZ) and the populist There is Such a People (ITN) made gains, with the latter re-entering the Assembly after it failed to reach the electoral threshold in 2022. ^{[5] [6]}

On 22 May 2023, the PP- and GERB-led alliances agreed to form a government with a rotational premiership. Nikolai Denkov, PP's candidate, would be the Prime Minister for the first nine months of the government and Mariya Gabriel, the GERB candidate, would serve as deputy prime minister and foreign affairs minister. After nine months, the two would switch positions. ^[7]

Denkov resigned in accordance with the rotation agreement on 5 March, to allow Gabriel to become the new Prime Minister. ^[8] On 20 March 2024, the planned government rotation and signing of a renewed government failed due to disagreements between the two alliances on the cabinet and breaking down of relations. ^{[9] [10] [11]} Negotiations ensued across to form a new government, ^[12] but failed to produce any governments that could reach a majority support. ^{[13] [14] [15] [16]} GERB rejected the chance to form a government. PP–DB made a limited attempt to respect the original rotation agreement. The final chance to form a government, chosen by president Rumen Radev, went to ITN, which was immediately rejected. ^{[17] [18] [19] [20]}

On 29 March, as per Article 98 of the constitution, ^[21] the President appointed the Chairman of the National Audit Office, Dimitar Glavchev, as the candidate for caretaker prime minister. ^[22] He was granted a one week deadline of until 6 April to propose the composition of the caretaker government. ^[23]

Glavchev presented his proposal for the caretaker government on 5 April, ^[24] accepted by the President following negotiations and scheduling the election for 9 June. ^{[25] [26]} Glavchev and his cabinet were inaugurated on 9 April by the National Assembly. ^[27]

Election schedule

The Central Election Commission announced the campaign would begin at midday on 10 May and end at midnight on 7 June. ^[28]

The current 49th Parliament was to stay in session at least until the election campaign begins, where a decision of election recess is expected to be adopted by Parliament. The 49th Parliament suspended its normal working process by an adopted election recess on 27 April. While on election recess the 49th Parliament could reconvene for an extraordinary sitting in exceptional circumstances. The 50th Parliament will replace the 49th Parliament as soon as the newly elected members are sworn in after the election. ^[29]

On election day, polling opened at 07:00 and closed at 20:00. ^[30]

Parties

Parliamentary parties

The table below lists the political party groups represented in the 49th National Assembly.^{[ citation needed ]}

Name			Ideology	Position	Leader(s)	2023 result
						Votes (%)	Seats
	GERB–SDS	GERB–SDS	Conservatism	Centre-right	Boyko Borisov	25.39%	69 / 240 [lower-alpha 1]
	PP–DB	We Continue the Change – Democratic Bulgaria	Liberalism	Centre to centre-right	Kiril Petkov Asen Vasilev Hristo Ivanov Atanas Atanasov	23.54%	64 / 240 [lower-alpha 2]
	Revival	Revival	Ultranationalism	Far-right	Kostadin Kostadinov	13.58%	37 / 240
	DPS	Movement for Rights and Freedoms	Turkish minority interests	Centre	Delyan Peevski Dzhevdet Chakarov	13.18%	36 / 240
	BSPzB	BSP for Bulgaria	Social democracy	Centre-left	Korneliya Ninova	8.56%	23 / 240
	ITN	There is Such a People	Populism	Right-wing	Slavi Trifonov	3.94%	11 / 240

1. GERB 66, SDS 2, DG 1
2. PP 36, DaB! 13, DSB 10, ZD 3, Volt 1, SEK 1

Contesting parties and coalitions

Below is the official list of parties and coalitions that registered lists for the Bulgarian Parliamentary elections. ^[31]

#	Party or coalition				Ideology	Leader	2023 result
							Votes (%)	Seats
1		There is Such a People			Right-wing populism	Slavi Trifonov	3.94%	11 / 240
2		Peoples Voice			Right-wing populism	Svetoslav Vitkov	0.21%	0 / 240
3		Blue Bulgaria		Conservative Union of the Right	National conservatism Anti-communism	Petar Moskov	0.29%	0 / 240
				National Movement for Stability and Progress	Liberalism	Stanimir Ilchev	0.25%	0 / 240
				Bulgarian Democratic Forum  [ bg ]	National conservatism Anti-communism	Zhaklin Toleva  [ bg ]	DNP
				Movement for Democratic Action-DZ	Liberal conservatism	Stefan Ivanov
				Bulgaria for Citizens Movement	Liberalism	Jordan Jordanov  [ bg ]
				Conservative Bulgaria	National conservatism	Boris Yachev
				Radical-Democratic Party	Social conservatism Anti-communism	Zahari Petrov
				Bulgarian New Democracy	Liberal conservatism	Valeri Georgiev
				Agrarian People's Union	Agrarianism Conservatism	Rumen Yonchev
4		We Citizens		Bulgarian Spring  [ bg ]	Left-wing nationalism	Svetoslav Mandikov	DNP
				Bulgarian Workers-Peasant Party	Marxism-Leninism	Georgi Ivanov Yordan Maldzhanski
				Competence, Responsibility and Truth  [ bg ]	Populism	Svetozar Saev  [ bg ]	Out of EU and NATO  [ bg ]
				Natsiya  [ bg ]	Ultranationalism Hard Euroscepticism	Kiril Gumnerov  [ bg ]
5		Independent candidate				Kuzman Iliev	DNP
6		Bulgarian Voice		Bulgarian Voice	Bulgarian nationalism	Georgi Popov	DNP
				Alternative for Bulgaria	National conservatism	Nikolay Drenchev  [ bg ]	New
7		Coalition of the Rose  [ bg ]		Bulgarian Social Democracy-EuroLeft	Social Democracy	Aleksandr Tomov	0.10%	0 / 240
				United Block of Labour  [ bg ]	Social democracy Labourism	Yekaterina Atanasova	DNP
				Patriotism 2000
8		Center		Svovoda  [ bg ]	Bulgarian nationalism	Vladimir Simeonov	DNP
				Bulgarian Agrarian Party	Agrarianism
				National Movement "Center"	Anti-corruption Populism	Darin Drosev	New
9		Solidary Bulgaria		Bulgarian Left	Democratic socialism	Boyan Kirov	DNP
				United Social-Democracy  [ bg ]	Social democracy	Yordan Gergov
				Stand Up.BG	Social democracy Left-wing populism	Maya Manolova	Left!
				Normal State  [ bg ]	Social democracy	Georgi Kadiev  [ bg ]
				Solidary Bulgaria	Social democracy	Vanya Grigorova	New
10		Unification			Centrism Liberalism	Ivan Hristanov  [ bg ]	New
11		Bulgarian National Unification			Bulgarian nationalism National conservatism	Georgi Georgiev-Goti  [ bg ]	0.09%	0 / 240
12		Revival			Ultranationalism Right-wing populism	Kostadin Kostadinov	13.58%	37 / 240
13		Morality, Unity, Honour			Anti-corruption Social conservatism	Radostin Vasilev  [ bg ]	New
14		PP–DB		We Continue the Change	Liberalism Anti-corruption	Kiril Petkov Asen Vasilev	23.53%	64 / 240
				Volt Bulgaria	European federalism Pro-Europeanism	Nastimir Ananiev
				Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria	Conservatism Anti-communism	Atanas Atanasov
				Yes, Bulgaria!	Liberalism Anti-corruption	Hristo Ivanov
15		People's Party "Truth and Only the Truth"  [ bg ]			Anti-vaccination Ultranationalism	Ventsislav Angelov  [ bg ]	0.29%	0 / 240
16		Bulgarian Rise			National conservatism	Stefan Yanev	2.93%	0 / 240
17		Citizens Block		Bulgarian Democratic Union-Radicals	Bulgarian nationalism		DNP
				Party of Bulgarian Women	Women's issues	Vesela Draganova
				Citizens Block	Anti-corruption Social conservatism	Ivan Geshev	New
18		Society for a New Bulgaria  [ bg ]			Social conservatism	Margarit Mitsev	DNP
19		The Left!		Alternative for Bulgarian Revival	Social democracy Moderate social conservatism	Rumen Petkov	2.14%	0 / 240
				ex-BSP faction	Social democracy	Valeri Zhablyanov  [ bg ]
				Movement 21	Social democracy	Tatyana Doncheva
				Agrarian Union "Aleksandar Stamboliyski"	Agrarianism	Spas Panchev  [ bg ]
				Green Party of Bulgaria	Green politics	Marina Dragomiretskaya	DNP
				Political Movement "Social Democrats"	Social democracy	Yelena Noneva
				National Movement for the Salvation of the Fatherland	Left-wing nationalism	Todor Rashev
20		Party of the Greens  [ bg ]			Green politics Left-wing nationalism	Vladimir Nikolov	Together Bulgaria  [ bg ]
21		We Are Coming			Liberalism	Mariya Kapon  [ bg ]	DNP
22		GERB–SDS		GERB	Social conservatism Pro-Europeanism	Boyko Borisov	25.39%	63 / 240
				SDS	Christian democracy Anti-communism	Rumen Hristov
				George's Day Movement	National conservatism Bulgarian nationalism	Lyuben Dilov Jr.
23		Bulgarian National Union			Ultranationalism	Boyan Rasate  [ bg ]	0.07%	0 / 240
24		BSP for Bulgaria		BSP	Social conservatism Social democracy	Korneliya Ninova	8.56%	23 / 240
				Ecoglasnost	Green politics Environmentalism	Emil Georgiev  [ bg ]
				Political Club "Trakiya"  [ bg ]	Left wing nationalism	Stefan Nachev
				MIR  [ bg ]	Left-wing nationalism	Simeon Slavchev  [ bg ]	0.15%	0 / 240
25		Majesty			Bulgarian nationalism Anti-corruption	Nikolay Markov	New
26		VMRO			National conservatism Bulgarian nationalism	Krasimir Karakachanov	DNP
27		Direct Democracy  [ bg ]			Bulgarian nationalism Direct democracy	Petar Klisarov  [ bg ]	DNP
28		Movement for Rights and Freedoms			Turkish minority interests Liberalism	Delyan Peevski Dzhevdet Chakarov	13.18%	36 / 240
29		Green Movement			Green liberalism Green politics	Toma Belev  [ bg ] Daniela Bozhinova  [ bg ]	PP–DB
30		For a Great Bulgaria			Bulgarian nationalism	Kamen Popov	New
31		Bulgarian Union for Direct Democracy  [ bg ]			Direct democracy	Georgi Nedelchev  [ bg ]	0.23%	0 / 240
32		Neutral Bulgaria		Russophiles for the Revival of the Fatherland	Russophilia National conservatism	Nikolay Malinov  [ bg ]	0.4%	0 / 240
				Bulgarian Communist Party	Communism	Zonka Spasova
				Party of the Bulgarian Communists	Communism Marxism–Leninism	Collective leadership
				Communist Party of Bulgaria	Marxism–Leninism	Alexander Paunov	DNP

Campaign

Campaign slogans and websites

The following list present the official campaign slogans and websites of parties that contested the 2024 Bulgarian parliamentary election:

Party or Coalition		Slogan	Site
	There is Such a People	Let's bring back sanity!	https://pp-itn.bg/
	Peoples Voice	The only ones left suitable	https://glasnaroden.com/
	Blue Bulgaria	Because there is a sense	https://sinyabulgaria.bg/
	We Citizens	Let's get our country back	https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61559626163761
	Kuzman Iliev Iliev – independent	Bulgaria can!	https://bmsbg.org/
	Bulgarian Voice	There is an alternative!	https://ppbulgarskiglas.bg/
	Coalition of the Rose	Together we can!	https://www.facebook.com/zaednoreferendum
	Center	It's time... FOR YOU	https://center-bg.com/
	Solidary Bulgaria	It's time for the people!	https://solidbul.eu/
	Unification	Concrete solutions	https://edinenie.bg/
	Bulgarian National Unification	United with you	https://bno-bg.com/
	Revival	We are reviving Bulgaria/Europe	https://vazrazhdane.bg/
	Morality, Unity, Honour	Bulgaria First!	https://www.ppmech.bg/
	PP–DB	Majority for a normal European Bulgaria	https://ppdb.bg/
	People's Party "Truth and Only the Truth"	Divine support	https://www.facebook.com/groups/207009572756325/
	Bulgarian Rise	Together for the rise of Bulgaria!	https://bgvazhod.com/
	Citizens Block	Bulgarians, you are the fist	https://grajdanskiblok.bg/
	Society for a New Bulgaria	Justice for all, security for all	https://onbbg.org/
	The Left!	Not to war! Peace to Bulgaria!	https://www.levicata.com/
	Party of the Greens	Bulgaria has everything it needs to cope with the crisis and develop itself!	https://partianazelenite.bg/
	We Are Coming	Not to fear!	https://nieidvame.org/
	GERB–SDS	A stable Bulgaria in a secure Europe	https://gerb.bg/
	Bulgarian National Union	Save Bulgaria, save yourself!	https://bgns.net/
	BSP for Bulgaria	For a dignified Bulgaria in a peaceful Europe	https://bsp.bg/
	Majesty	Majesty/Greatness for Bulgaria!	https://velichie.bg/
	VMRO	Time for unity and strength!	https://www.facebook.com/www.vmro.bg/
	Direct Democracy	A new political model	https://www.directdemocracy.bg/
	Movement for Rights and Freedoms	Together with the people	https://www.dps.bg/
	Green Movement	The power of being honest	https://zelenodvizhenie.bg/
	For a Great Bulgaria	Bulgaria a zone of peace	https://zavelikabulgaria.bg/
	Bulgarian Union for Direct Democracy	New, time-proven!	https://www.budd.bg/
	Neutral Bulgaria	Let's talk about the important stuff!	https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61552028243492

Allegations of corruption and improper political behaviour

Customs Agency scandal

On 3 April, the head of the Customs Agency, Petya Bankova, along with her deputy, and two others were arrested in relation to their alleged participation in an organised criminal group dealing blackmarket tobacco products. ^[32] Following the arrests, Secretary of the Ministry of Interior Zhivko Kotsev announced his resignation, with PP–DB leaders suggesting this had been coerced. ^[33] A day later, Kotsev withdrew his resignation in a joint-briefing with acting Prime Minister Nikolay Denkov where they repeated the claim. ^[34]

Photos including the suspects and PP–DB-affiliated politicians were leaked, and Parliament formed a commission to investigate the scandal. Controversially, one of its aims was to investigate the role of PP co-leader Asen Vasilev in the affair. ^{[35] [36]} The commission heard claims that the PP–DB politicians were involved. ^[37] These claims were disputed, and former PP interior minister Boyko Rashkov claimed those alleging the link were themselves involved in the scandal. ^[38] Vasilev also appeared before the committee, denying any wrong doing or connections with the named suspects. ^[39]

On 25 April, the committee published its report, which claimed to prove Asen Vasilev's role within the scheme. ^[40]

The events of the scandal, despite occurring outside the election campaign period, were identified by some analysts as signalling the "beginning" of the pre-election campaign. ^[41] Additionally, the scandal was used in the campaign, notably by ITN, in order to attack PP–DB. ^[42]

"Turkish Stream" gas pipeline scandal

In early March, an alleged copy of the roadmap for the construction of the TurkStream (also known as the "Balkan Stream") gas pipeline through Bulgaria was released by the investigative newspaper, BG Elves. ^[43] It suggested that the main role in the construction of the pipeline was undertaken by Russian firms, additionally it demonstrated that the pipeline's construction directly served Russian interests. ^[44] The pipeline was given approval by the Third Borisov government.

PP–DB accused GERB of helping Russia build a new pathway for natural gas circumventing Ukraine, thus enabling the Russian invasion of Ukraine. ^[45] A parliamentary committee was formed to investigate the leak, however, its work ended up being hindered due to partisan gridlock. ^[46]

Audio-tape leaks

As had occurred previously during the government formation of the Denkov Government, audio recordings by senior PP–DB figures were allegedly leaked. One, published on the online newspaper Afera, was from a PP leadership meeting where they discussed illegal party finance methods. ^[47] PP–DB representatives claimed this recording was taken out of context. ^[48]

Borisov-Peevski billboard

As part of their campaign, PP–DB released a billboard containing the image of former Prime Minister Denkov, on one side, and the leaders of GERB and DPS, Borisov and Peevski, on the other, with a sign asking "who do you want to be prime minister?". The sign was promptly removed after a legal complaint by GERB, who claimed the billboard denigrated the person of Boyko Borisov. ^[49] In a campaign meeting, Borisov called Denkov's behaviour as offensive, and claimed that this demonstrated that Denkov was unfit to be prime minister. ^[50]

Public finances

During the election campaign, GERB, specifically Delyan Dobrev consistently criticised the policies of Asen Vasilev, accusing him of increasing the public debt and increasing inflation, while not doing enough to attract investment. ^[51] Borisov declared that if GERB were to come to power they would implement a more "strict" fiscal policy. ^[52]

PP–DB, on the other hand, defended the track record of Asen Vasilev, pointing to an increase in incomes. ^[53] They further accused GERB of trying to add spending outside of that set aside by the budget in order to sabotage Bulgaria's entrance into the Eurozone. ^[54]

Parties on the left, such as BSP, Levitsata and Solidary Bulgaria, generally supported the implementation of a progressive tax system, with BSP, for example, advocating for a tax break for all those under 26. ^[55]

The right-wing coalition, Blue Bulgaria, called for less state involvement in the economy, with government finance instead being focused on healthcare, education and security. ^[56]

Foreign policy

One of the key policy issues which dominated the elections was Bulgaria's position on the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A number of parties (specifically, Revival, BSP, Levitsata!, Solidary Bulgaria and Velichie) advocated for Bulgaria to not send lethal aid to Ukraine and supported paying Russia for gas. ^{[57] [58]}

Post-election government formation

Due to the continous political instability in Bulgaria, ever since the April 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election, post-election government formations has been one of the key topics of the election campaign.

GERB, shortly after the collapse of government negotiations following the Denkov government's resignation, had indicated that they would re-initiate negotiations with PP–DB, albeit conditional on a "new approach" from the PP–DB leadership. ^[59] However, they became more hostile to PP–DB, especially after they supported a motion to oust the GERB speaker of the National Assembly. ^[60] Boyko Borisov, GERB's leader, made clear that they would not govern solely with DPS. ^[61] On 24 May, Borisov announced that GERB should take a "leading role" in any future government. ^[62]

PP–DB expressed a willingness to negotiate a coalition government with GERB, however it excluded the possibility of any involvement from Delyan Peevski in a future government, thus excluding DPS. ^[63] During an interview with bTV, former Prime Minister Nikolay Denkov stated that PP–DB would not form a government which involved either Boyko Borisov or Delyan Peevski. ^[64]

Delyan Peevski, on his part, did not exclude his party's participation in either a GERB-led or PP–DB-led government, claiming he had a stable working relationship with both PP leader Kiril Petkov and Boyko Borisov. ^[65]

A number of parties promised during the campaign period promised they would not enter any informal governing arrangements with GERB, DPS or PP–DB. Specifically, BSP leader, Korneliya Ninova, highlighted her party as the "only one" which had not engaged in any such deals with GERB. ^[66] Solidary Bulgaria candidate, and Stand Up.BG leader, Maya Manolova promised that Solidary, if they entered parliament, would not govern with GERB, DPS or PP–DB. ^[67]

Opinion polls

Local regression of polls conducted, excluding "none of the above"

The opinion poll results below were recalculated from the original data and exclude polls that chose "I will not vote" or "I am uncertain" options.

121 seats are needed for a parliamentary majority.

Polling firm	Fieldwork date	Sample	GERB–SDS	PP–DB	Revival	DPS	BSPzB	ITN	BV	Left	SBG	SB	Others	NOTA	Lead	Govt.	Opp.
Alpha Research	1–4 June 2024	1000	25.1 71	15.4 44	15.2 43	14.8 42	8.1 23	6.2 17	—	—	2.4 0	3.3 0	9.5	—	9.7	—	—
CAM	31 May-4 June 2024	821	26.4 73	16.6 46	14.5 40	15 42	8.4 24	5.3 14	1.8 0	1.4 0	3.2 0	2.4 0	5 [lower-alpha 1]	4.2	9.7	—	—
Exacta	30 May-4 June 2024	1050	26.4 74	15.5 43	14.8 41	14.6 40	9 25	6.2 17	—	—	2.1 0	3.2 0	8.2	—	9.7	—	—
Gallup	29 May-4 June 2024	1003	25.9 72	15.7 44	15.5 43	15.3 42	8 22	6.1 17	1 0	1.1 0	3.1 0	2.8 0	5.5 [lower-alpha 2]	—	10.2	—	—
Trend	29 May-4 June 2024	1007	26.5 74	15.3 43	15.1 42	14.9 42	8.5 23	5.9 16	1.1 0	1.3 0	3.4 0	2.1 0	5.9 [lower-alpha 3]	4.4	11.2	—	—
Sova Harris	29 May-3 June 2024	1000	25.5 74	15.1 43	15.3 44	14.2 41	8.4 24	5.1 14	1.2 0	2.5 0	3.4 0	3.2 0	6.1 [lower-alpha 4]	—	10.2	—	—
Mediana	25 May-1 June 2024	990	28.6 81	12.9 37	14.9 42	13.5 38	8.6 25	6.3 17	1.6 0	3.2 0	3.0 0	3.4 0	4.0	—	13.7	—	—
Market Links	23 May-2 June 2024	1004	27.5 79	17.1 49	12.4 36	13.7 39	8.4 24	4.5 13	—	—	2 0	3 0	7.7 [lower-alpha 5]	3.5	10.5	—	—
Mediana	12–18 May 2024	978	27.5 77	13.7 38	15.7 44	14.2 39	9 25	6.2 17	1.2 0	2.9 0	2.7 0	3.1 0	3.8 [lower-alpha 6]	—	11.8	—	—
Trend	11–18 May 2024	1003	26.1 74	15.4 43	14.8 42	14.9 42	8.5 24	5.5 15	1.2 0	1.4 0	2.4 0	1.8 0	8 [lower-alpha 7]	5.1	10.7	—	—
Sova Harris	8–13 May 2024	1000	26.6 73	16.1 45	15.3 42	15 41	9.1 24	5.4 15	—	1.4 0	3.8 0	2.1 0	4.3 [lower-alpha 8]	—	10.5	—	—
Market Links	27 Apr-9 May 2024	—	28.4 80	19.3 55	14 39	14.4 41	9.2 25	3.6 0	—	—	2 0	1.5 0	4.1	3.6	9.1	—	—
Alpha Research	24 Apr-2 May 2024	1000	25.4 71	17.5 49	14.6 41	14.9 41	8.5 24	5.2 14	1.3 0	1.9 0	2.6 0	2.5 0	5.6	—	7.9	—	—
Gallup	22 Apr-2 May 2024	808	26.5 74	16.4 45	15.1 42	15.4 43	8.4 23	4.7 13	—	—	2.5 0	1.5 0	9.5 [lower-alpha 9]	—	10.1	—	—
Trend	12 Apr–19 Apr 2024	1002	24.9 73	15.5 45	14.2 41	14.4 42	9.1 26	4.8 13	1.7 0	1.8 0	—	—	6.6	6.9	9.4	—	—
Exacta	11 Apr–18 Apr 2024	1020	25.9 73	16.4 46	13.8 39	14.0 40	9.6 27	5.2 15	—	—	—	—	7.7	7.4	9.5	—	—
Market Links	30 Mar–7 Apr 2024	1046	25.5	17.1	10.3	11.8	8.7	3.9	—	—	—	—	22.7 [lower-alpha 10]		8.4	—	—
Gallup International	28 Mar–5 Apr 2024	805	27.4 73	17.9 47	14.9 39	15.2 40	10.5 28	5.2 13	—	—	—	—	8.9	—	9.5	—	—
Mar 2024			The Denkov Government resigns. A snap election is scheduled for 9 June
Gallup International	29 Feb–8 Mar 2024	810	26.4 69	19.6 52	14.8 39	14.7 39	10.6 28	5.1 13	—	—	—	—	8.8	—	6.8	46.0	54.0
Alpha Research	27 Feb–3 Mar 2024	1000	27.0 71	21.9 58	14.6 38	11.0 29	10.9 29	5.8 15	—	—	—	—	8.8	—	5.1	48.9	51.1
Market Links	24 Feb–3 Mar 2024	1058	27.9 77	21.2 58	10.8 29	15.0 41	8.8 24	3.9 11 [lower-alpha 11]	—	—	—	—	8.2	3.7	6.7	49.1	46.6
24 February 2024			Delyan Peevski and Dzhevdet Chakarov are elected as co-chairmen of DPS
Market Links	26 Jan–4 Feb 2024	1016	27.7 76	20.0 55	11.5 31	14.1 39	9.9 27	4.4 12	—	—	—	—	7.7	4.7	7.7	47.7	47.6
Trend	17–24 Jan 2024	1016	24.8 70	17.8 50	14.6 41	13.8 39	9.6 27	4.8 13	1.8 0	1.9 0	—	—	3.9	7.0	7.0	42.6	50.4
Mediana	7–13 Dec 2023	978	22.9 68	15.6 46	13.5 40	12.2 36	11.3 33	5.9 17	1.5 0	3.5 0	—	—	3.6	10.0	7.3	38.5	51.5
Alpha Research	22–30 Nov 2023	1000	25.9 68	21.1 55	14.4 38	12.8 34	11.4 30	5.8 15	—	—	—	—	8.6	—	4.8	47.0	53.0
Market Links	10–19 Nov 2023	1014	26.3 71	20.1 54	12.8 35	14.4 39	10.5 29	4.5 12	—	—	—	—	7.0	4.2	6.2	46.4	49.4
Trend	11–18 Nov 2023	1006	24.7 70	17.9 50	15.4 43	13.3 38	9.4 27	4.4 12	2.0 0	1.9 0	—	—	3.6	7.4	6.8	42.6	50.0
Market Links	26 Sept–8 Oct 2023	1032	27.1 78	20.1 58	12.7 37	14.2 41	9.1 26	3.2 0	—	—	—	—	7.0	6.8	7.0	47.2	46.0
Trend	2–8 Sep 2023	1002	24.9 70	18.3 51	16.1 45	13.4 38	8.7 24	4.2 12	2.1 0	1.9 0	—	—	3.9	6.5	6.6	43.2	50.3
Market Links	11–18 Aug 2023	1012	26.2 70	21.7 58	12.8 34	15.1 41	8.3 22	5.4 15	—	—	—	—	7.2	3.0	4.5	47.9	48.8
Mediana	18–24 Jul 2023	976	23.3 67	18.0 51	15.4 44	12.9 37	9.0 26	5.4 15	2.5 0	2.1 0	—	—	2.0 [lower-alpha 12]	9.3	5.3	41.3	49.3
Trend	4–11 Jul 2023	1001	24.8 70	19.1 54	15.5 43	13.7 38	8.6 24	4.0 11	1.8 0	1.9 0	—	—	4.3	6.3	5.7	43.9	49.8
Gallup International	29 Jun–9 Jul 2023	809	26.4 69	21.8 57	14.9 39	14.5 38	9.7 26	4.3 11	2.0 0	—	—	—	6.4	—	4.6	48.2	51.8
CAM	3–7 Jul 2023	1021	26.2 74	21.4 61	14.5 41	13.4 38	9.0 26	3.7 0	1.8 0	1.8 0	—	—	3.7	4.5	4.8	47.6	47.9
Market Links	22 Jun–2 Jul 2023	1011	27.5 75	20.9 57	13.8 38	17.0 46	8.9 24	3.8 0	—	—	—	—	3.6	4.6	6.6	48.4	47.0
Alpha Research	20–26 Jun 2023	1000	25.1 70	20.2 56	15.4 43	12.6 35	8.8 25	4.1 11	—	2.7 0	—	—	7.5	3.6	4.9	45.3	51.1
Exacta	12–20 Jun 2023	1040	24.4 67	20.1 56	14.8 41	13.2 37	9.5 26	4.8 13	1.9 0	1.8 0	—	—	3.6	5.9	4.3	44.5	49.6
Trend	10–16 Jun 2023	1008	24.9 69	19.4 54	15.3 43	13.5 37	8.9 25	4.3 12	2.2 0	1.9 0	—	—	3.8	5.8	5.5	44.3	49.9
6 June 2023			The Denkov Government is sworn in
Gallup International	27 Apr–5 May 2023	803	26.8 69	24.1 62	14.7 38	13.9 36	9.1 24	4.1 11	3.2 0	1.5 0	—	—	2.6	4.3 [lower-alpha 13]	2.7	50.9	49.1
2023 election	2 April 2023	—	26.5 69	24.6 64	14.2 37	13.8 36	8.9 23	4.1 11	3.1 0	2.2 [lower-alpha 14] 0		0.55 [lower-alpha 15] 0	2.6		1.9	51.1	48.9%

1. Includes VMRO at 1%
2. Includes Majesty at 1.7% and VMRO at 1.5%
3. Includes VMRO at 1.5%
4. Includes VMRO at 1.7% and CENTER at 1.1%
5. Includes CENTER at 2.3%
6. Includes VMRO at 1.3%
7. Includes VMRO at 1.1%
8. Includes VMRO at 1.5%, CENTER at 1.4% and Citizens Block at 0.7%
9. Includes VMRO at 1.1%
10. As the full data for this poll was not released, it is possible that it includes undecided and uncertain voters. Recalculating the data to only include the numbers for the listed parties may be advised. Market Links often include undecided voters in their final results
11. ITN are given seats in the Assembly despite being seemingly below the threshold as None of the above votes do not count towards the threshold.
12. Justice for Bulgaria with 1.0%, "Other" with 1.0%
13. This poll reported the percentage respondents do not support any party, however the rest of the data was recalculated to exclude these percentages
14. ISBG, contested the 2023 parliamentary elections with the Left! and went on to run with Solidary Bulgaria
15. Result of NDSV and KOD, two members of the Blue Bulgaria coalition

Results

The results showed that no party attained a majority in the National Assembly, with GERB attaining a plurality of seats. Turnout was 33 percent, the lowest since the end of communist rule in 1989. ^{[57] [68]}

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	GERB–SDS	530,658	23.99	68	−1
	Movement for Rights and Freedoms	366,310	16.56	47	+11
	We Continue the Change – Democratic Bulgaria	307,849	13.92	39	−25
	Revival	295,915	13.38	38	+1
	BSP for Bulgaria	151,560	6.85	19	−4
	There is Such a People	128,007	5.79	16	+5
	Greatness	99,862	4.52	13	New
	Morality, Unity, Honour  [ bg ]	63,992	2.89	0	New
	Blue Bulgaria  [ bg ]	33,613	1.52	0	New
	Solidary Bulgaria	31,476	1.42	0	New
	Center	25,664	1.16	0	New
	VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement	21,272	0.96	0	0
	The Left!	15,175	0.69	0	0
	Bulgarian Rise	12,322	0.56	0	0
	Green Movement	9,324	0.42	0	0
	People's Voice	6,560	0.30	0	0
	We Are Coming	5,939	0.27	0	New
	Party of the Greens  [ bg ]	5,494	0.25	0	0
	Direct Democracy  [ bg ]	5,207	0.24	0	0
	Unification	5,206	0.24	0	New
	We the Citizens	4,662	0.21	0	New
	Bulgarian Voice	3,378	0.15	0	New
	Citizens Bloc	3,003	0.14	0	New
	People's Party "Truth and Only the Truth"  [ bg ]	2,483	0.11	0	0
	Neutral Bulgaria	2,462	0.11	0	0
	Coalition of the Rose  [ bg ]	2,206	0.10	0	New
	Society for a New Bulgaria  [ bg ]	2,249	0.10	0	0
	Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy	2,128	0.10	0	0
	For a Great Bulgaria	1,893	0.09	0	New
	Bulgarian Union for Direct Democracy  [ bg ]	946	0.04	0	0
	Bulgarian National Unification	920	0.04	0	0
None of the above		63,913	2.89	–	–
Total		2,211,648	100.00	240	0
Valid votes		2,211,648	97.42
Invalid/blank votes		58,496	2.58
Total votes		2,270,144	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		6,797,698	33.40
Source: Central Electoral Commission

Aftermath

GERB–SDS leader Boyko Borisov thanked voters for the party's performance in the election. ^[68] Kiril Petkov conceded and announced PP–DB would form a constructive opposition to the government once it is formed. ^[69]

Both Korneliya Ninova, the leader of the BSP, and Hristo Ivanov, leader of DaB!, resigned following the results. ^[70]

The new elected 50th Parliament replaced the 49th Parliament, ^[71] when all elected members were sworn in on 19 June 2024. ^[72]

Coalition negotiations

The leader of the DPS, Delyan Peevski, called for discussions between all "Euro-Atlantic" parties. ^[70]

GERB said that they were seeking to form an "expert" government and dominate key ministries, including the office of Prime Minister. However, Borisov announced that he did not want the position. ^{[73] [74]} The BSP leadership suggested they could support an expert cabinet. ^[70]

The Bulgarian newspaper Dnevnik set out the following scenarios: ^[75]

Coalition	Projected seats	Status in the National Assembly	Notes
GERB+DPS	68+47	Minority (115 of 240)
GERB+DPS+ITN	68+47+16	Majority (131 of 240)
GERB+BSP+ITN	68+19+16	Minority (103 of 240)	All parties support an "expert cabinet"
Caretaker government	N/A	N/A	New elections in Autumn

The caretaker government in place ahead of the election, will continue as caretaker government after the election, until the point of time it can be replaced by a new government. As regulated by the Bulgarian Constitution, the first negotiation mandate to try form a new government will automatically be given to the largest elected party (GERB–SDS), and if this attempt fails the second negotiation mandate to try form a new government will then automatically be given to the second largest elected party (DPS). If no government can be formed within the first or the second mandate, then the Bulgarian President will give a third mandate to an elected parliamentary party at his discretion. If the third mandate also fails to form a government, then a caretaker government will be appointed by the President and new snap parliamentary elections shall be scheduled within two months after its inauguration. ^[76]

Government formation

On 17 June, GERB began the negotiations with other parties within the first negotiation mandate, inviting all to discussions over the following two days. ^{[77] [78]} The framework for the first negotiation mandate, was the GERB–SDS proposal to form an expert cabinet on their mandate; and with GERB–SDS representatives occupying the positions of prime minister (although not being their party leader Boyko Borisov), foreign minister, and defence minister. ^[79] PP–DB, BSP and VAZ refused to attend the negotiations, so there was only a meeting between GERB and DPS on the first day; ^[80] both parties suggested they would be ready to form a government in coalition. ^[81] On the second day, only ITN joined the talks, but only to declare they would neither back a government formed within the first nor the second negotiation mandate (led by GERB–SDS or DPS). ^[76] ITN clarified they would under no circumstances support the formation of a GERB-DPS government or a GERB-DPS-ITN government; meaning that ITN would only support the formation of a politically neutral expert cabinet within the third negotiation mandate (preferably backed by all parties), and hoped to be selected as the party in charge of the third negotiation mandate to form such a government. ^[82]

On 20 June, GERB, DPS and ITN all supported the GERB candidate for the Speaker of the National Assembly, Raya Nazaryan. One VAZ member also voted for her, but the rest of the party abstained. Borisov had declared that there would be new elections if she failed to be elected. ^{[83] [84] [85]}

There were also reports that 5 or 6 of the Velichie deputies could split off to support a GERB-DPS government, which could give it a narrow majority. ^[86]

On 24 June, President Rumen Radev started the consultations about the next steps in the government formation process, with all Parliamentary Groups was invited for meetings in the order of their elected size. ^[87] GERB–SDS, DPS, PP–DB were consulted on 24 June; VAZ and BSP were consulted on 25 June; while ITN and Velichie were consulted on 26 June. ^[88] PP–DB confirmed their initial stance, that they in no circumstances would be part of nor support a GERB/DPS government; but thought GERB/DPS now should be granted time by Radev to investigate if it was possible to form a government with other parliamentary parties under a first or second negotiation mandate - and in the event of formation of such a government then PP–DB would play the role of being a constructive opposition party. PP–DB remained silent on how they would position themselves in case a potential third negotiation mandate should be needed during the attempts to form a government, "because it would be wrong [speaking about a third mandate], considering that the first two mandates are still coming up" and as of now "everything possible should be done to fulfill the first or second mandate". ^[89]

On 1 July, President Radev formally asked GERB-SDS to form a minority government with former National Assembly speaker Rosen Zhelyazkov as prime-minister designate. ^[90] The minority government proposed by Zhelyazkov was largely composed of ministers from previous GERB governments, while also including several incumbent Caretaker Ministers. After the first mandate was received by Zhelyazkov, Boyko Borisov stated that if the government was approved without clear political support, it would only undertake urgent priority tasks before resigning. ^[91] On 3 July, the National Assembly voted 138-98 to reject the proposed government. ^[92]

Investiture Rosen Zhelyazkov (GERB)
Ballot →		3 July 2024
Required majority →		120 of 240
	Yes • GERB-SDS (68) • DPS (30)	98 / 240
	No • PP–DB (38) • VAZ (38) • BSPzB (17) • ITN (16) • DPS (14) • Velichie (13) • Independent (2)	138 / 240
	Abstentions • DPS (1) • PP–DB (1)	2 / 240
	Absentees • DPS (1) • BSPzB (1)	2 / 240
Result →		No N
Source: [93]

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