In August and September 2025, widespread flooding affected parts of eastern Pakistan and northern India. The floods were caused by particularly heavy monsoon rains in mountainous areas of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, and the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The resulting flash floods forced Indian authorities to open dams on several rivers flowing into both Indian and Pakistani Punjab, leading to widespread flooding in downstream areas. Over 1400 villages in Pakistan's Punjab province have been flooded, while 1400 villages in the Indian state of Punjab were also affected,[1][2] displacing over 1.2 million people in Pakistan and 300,000 in India.[3][2]
Heavy rains had been falling in Indian-administered Kashmir throughout August, with a massive cloudburst on 15 August, killing at least 40 people. In late August, more rivers in Jammu and Kashmir began to rise. On 25 August, the Indian government notified Pakistan of water releases along dams on the Tawi river, which flows through Jammu into Sialkot district of Punjab, Pakistan.[4]
Pakistan then evacuated at least 125,000 people from northeastern regions of the province.[5] In Kasur, 75,000 people were evacuated while in Bahawalnagar along the Sutlej, 35,000 people were evacuated. Jammu city was then affected by flooding, which displaced at least 3500 people.[6] The Sutlej and Beas rose rapidly by August 27, causing Indian Punjab and Jammu Division to declare schools closed. 13 districts were initially affected, all the border districts as well as districts along the Beas and Sutlej.[7]
Special Health Campaign
The Punjab state government (India) launched a clean-up and fogging drive in flood-hit livestock shelters to protect around 253,000 animals across 713 villages from water-borne and vector-borne diseases. Measures included the distribution of disinfectants such as potassium permanganate, mass vaccination campaigns against hemorrhagic septicaemia, and emergency veterinary care.[8]
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