21 July Martyr's Day Rally

Martyr's Day
Observed by	Indian National Congress Trinamool Congress
Celebrations	Rallies
Date	21 July
Next time	21 July 2025 (2025-07-21)
Frequency	Annual
Related to	1993 Kolkata firing

The 21 July Martyr's Day Rally is an annual mass rally organized by the West Bengal unit of the Indian National Congress and later the Trinamool Congress to commemorate the 1993 Kolkata firing as Martys' Day.

It is in remembrance of 13 people shot by the West Bengal Police in Kolkata, during a rally by the West Bengal Youth Congress under Mamata Bandopadhyay on 21 July 1993, while demanding Voter's Identity Card to be made sole required document for voting. ^{[1] [2]}

Background

In months preceding the events, the 14-year-old communist government won a massive mandate in 1991, but after Mamata Bandopadhyay became the president of youth wing of the opposition INC a new wave of protests began against what many believed Scientific Rigging employed by then ruling party of west bengal.

In October 1992, Banerjee, now a Minister for Sports and Youth Affairs in the Narsimha Rao ministry held a massive rally at the Brigade Parade Ground to symbolically toll the bell for ousting of the Communist Government. To many this rejuvenated the opposition to Ruling Communists after a long gap.

In December 1992, Banerjee took a physically challenged Girl Dipali Basak, who was allegedly raped by CPI(M) cadre Souvagya Basak, to the Writers' Building to the then Chief Minister Jyoti Basu but was harassed and allegedly molested by the police before being arrested and released from detention in midnight, this attracted universal outrage. ^{[3] [4]}

Finally the youth wing of the party led by Mamata Banerjee, Pankaj Banerjee & Madan Mitra decided to march to Writers' Building to lodge appeals for Voter Photo-ID cards to be made necessary for free and fair polling....

Events that day

It was 21 July 1993. The day of Writers' Abhijan organised by the Youth Congress. The demand was: voters' ID cards be made the only required document for voting, to put a stop to CPM's "scientific rigging".

Thousands of Youth Congress supporters had gathered at five different points of the city, recalled Trinamool Congress leader Saugata Roy.

A large number of Youth Congress supporters who had assembled at Howrah station, were marching along Brabourne Road. A strong police contingent stopped them near the Tea Board office —a stone's throw from Writers'. As the crowd tried to break the police cordon, a lathicharge ensued. Stones were thrown, tear gas shells were burst. The crowd retreated, but did not disperse. They took shelter in the narrower roads and lanes between the Tea Board and the Canning Street crossings. Lathi-wielding policemen entered the lanes to chase them away.

Suddenly a policeman emerged from one of the lanes, bleeding profusely from the head — his white uniform smeared in blood. He had evidently been hit by a stone in the head. Seeing him in that condition, the cops went berserk. By that time, state Youth Congress president Mamata Banerjee had reached the Tea Board crossing, accompanied by a few other leaders. She had climbed onto a traffic post in the middle of the road, in an effort to control the crowd. The angry policemen surrounded the traffic post and started a lathicharge. The Youth Congress leaders accompanying Mamata threw a protective ring around her. Some of them — including Saugata Roy — were badly beaten up.

It had been planned that supporters would move towards Writers' Buildings from different directions and lay a siege on the state secretariat. Mamata had, in the meantime, demonstrated her crowd-pulling ability by holding a successful Youth Congress rally at the Brigade Parade Ground. But the chief minister Jyoti Basu had already announced that he would not allow the state secretariat to be taken over by the YC brigade.

But as planned by the YC, rallies were heading towards Writers' from different directions — from Brabourne Road, from BB Ganguly Street, from Mission Row. One procession was approaching from Mayo Road, where gatherings were prohibited under Section 144. It was stopped by police at the crossing of Mayo Road and Red Road. A scuffle ensued. A few people started throwing stones. Police resorted to lathicharge. The crowd started running across Curzon Park and the battle spread. Afraid that they would be outnumbered, policemen opened fire. Thirteen people were shot dead. The dead were:

1. Ashim Das - Resident of Sahaganj
2. Abdul Khalek - Resident of Purba Medinipur.
3. Vandan Das - Resident of Grey Street in North Kolkata.
4. Biswanath Ray - Resident of Baranagar.
5. Keshab Bairagi - Resident of Kankinara in North 24 Parganas
6. Ratan Mandal - Resident of a village near Sonarpur
7. Ranjit Das - Resident of a village near Gaighata
8. Dilip Das - Resident of Haridevpur
9. Kalyan Bandyopadhyay - Resident of Bijoygarh
10. Pradip Ray - Resident of Suinho Lane in South Kolkata
11. Murari Chakraborty - Resident of Patipukur in North 24 Parganas
12. Srikant Sharma - Resident of Jadavpur
13. Inu - He was a truck assistant who was drawn towards the crowd & got caught in the crossfire. ^[5]

"Mamata herself was beaten up. She collapsed on the road. We rushed her to hospital. More than 200 youths were injured," said Saugata Roy.^{[ citation needed ]}

21 July rally history 1998-present

After the main organizers of the 1993 rally broke away to form All India Trinamool Congress the mantle of the rally was taken by AITMC. ^[6] 2009 and 2010 events drew 2-3 million people each. in 2011 the count was close to 3.5 million. In 2024 Akhilesh Yadav will participate in the Martyr's Day 21 July rally. ^[7]

References

1. Sumantra Bose (16 September 2013). Transforming India. Harvard University Press. pp. 144–. ISBN   978-0-674-72819-6.
2. Monobina Gupta (18 January 2012). Didi: A Political Biography. HarperCollins Publishers India. pp. 20–. ISBN   978-93-5116-044-1.
3. "Why Bengal can never forget 21 July". millenniumpost.in. 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
4. "'Political pawns' Didi forgot". Telegraph India. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
5. Maulik, Manojit (20 June 2023). 21 July Martyrs List: ৩০ বছর আগের ২১ জুলাই রক্তে রাঙা কলকাতার রাজপথ, ১৩ শহিদ সম্পর্কে জানুন বিস্তারিত তথ্য [21 July Martyrs List: 30 years ago on July 21, Kolkata's Rajpath was stained with blood, know about the 13 martyrs.]. Oneindia (in Bengali).
6. Trinamool rally chokes large parts of Kolkata – Times Of India
7. "In 2024 Martyr's Day rally Akhilesh Yadav will participate". Prabhat Khabar. Retrieved 21 July 2024.