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Founded | October 4, 1913 [1] |
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Founder | William Park Woodside |
Type | Professional Organization |
Focus | Metals, polymers, ceramics [2] |
Location |
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Area served | Worldwide |
Method | Membership, professional development, conferences, publications, local chapters |
Members | 20,000+ |
Key people | ASM Board of Trustees |
Employees | 50-100 |
Website | www |
ASM International, formerly known as the American Society for Metals, is an association of materials-centric engineers and scientists.
As the charitable arm of ASM, the ASM Materials Education Foundation also operates ASM Materials Camp in the summers for high school students and teachers. These camps are intended to educate the public about the materials field, and encourage young people to pursue careers in materials science and engineering. [3]
ASM has been in existence, under various names, since 1913, when it began as a local club in Detroit called the Steel Treaters Club. [4] During World War I, the Steel Treaters Club became the Steel Treating Research Society, with groups in Detroit, Chicago, and Cleveland. [4] After World War I, the Chicago group seceded and formed the American Steel Treaters Society. [4]
In 1920 the local chapters were reunified into the new American Society for Steel Treating (ASST). [4] The society expanded its technical scope beyond steel during the 1920s. In 1933 it became the American Society for Metals (ASM). [4]
Gradually the society expanded its geographic scope beyond the U.S. and its technical scope beyond metals to include other materials. [4] It became known as ASM International in 1986. [4] As of 2021 [update] , ASM claims 20,000 members worldwide.
ASM provides several information resources, including technical journals, books, and databases. ASM also hosts numerous international conferences each year, including ASM's Annual Meeting: International Materials, Applications, and Technologies Conference and Exposition (IMAT). [5]
Six affiliate societies focused on specific areas of materials science also fall under the ASM umbrella:
Each society is led by volunteers, produces specific technical content for members, and holds its own international event.
Below is a table of the handbooks published by ASM International as of April 2023. [7] These handbooks are recognized as a standard reference in the field of materials science.
Volume Number | Title |
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1 | Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys |
1A | Cast Iron Science and Technology |
2 | Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials |
2A | Aluminum Science and Technology |
2B | Properties and Selection of Aluminum Alloys |
3 | Alloy Phase Diagrams |
4A | Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes |
4B | Steel Heat Treating Technologies |
4C | Induction Heating and Heat Treatment |
4D | Heat Treating of Irons and Steels |
4E | Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys |
4F | Quenchants and Quenching Technology |
5 | Surface Engineering |
5A | Thermal Spray Technology |
5B | Protective Organic Coatings |
6 | Welding, Brazing, and Soldering |
6A | Welding Fundamentals and Processes |
7 | Powder Metallurgy |
8 | Mechanical Testing and Evaluation |
9 | Metallography and Microstructures |
10 | Materials Characterization |
11 | Failure Analysis and Prevention |
11A | Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures |
11B | Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics |
12 | Fractography |
13A | Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection |
13B | Corrosion: Materials |
13C | Corrosion: Environments and Industries |
14A | Metalworking: Bulk Forming |
14B | Metalworking: Sheet Forming |
15 | Casting |
16 | Machining |
17 | Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials |
18 | Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology |
19 | Fatigue and Fracture |
20 | Materials Selection and Design |
21 | Composites |
22A | Fundamentals of Modeling for Metals Processing |
22B | Metals Process Simulation |
23 | Materials for Medical Devices |
23A | Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications |
24 | Additive Manufacturing Processes |
24A | Additive Manufacturing Design and Applications |
Desk Edition | Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition |
Desk Edition | Metals Handbook Desk Edition |
Technical journals published on behalf of ASM include: [8]
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
In metallurgy, a shape-memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its pre-deformed ("remembered") shape when heated. It is also known in other names such as memory metal, memory alloy, smart metal, smart alloy, and muscle wire. The "memorized geometry" can be modified by fixating the desired geometry and subjecting it to a thermal treatment, for example a wire can be taught to memorize the shape of a coil spring.
Die casting is a metal casting process that is characterized by forcing molten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. The mold cavity is created using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined into shape and work similarly to an injection mold during the process. Most die castings are made from non-ferrous metals, specifically zinc, copper, aluminium, magnesium, lead, pewter, and tin-based alloys. Depending on the type of metal being cast, a hot- or cold-chamber machine is used.
Tungsten carbide is a chemical compound containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into shapes through sintering for use in industrial machinery, cutting tools, chisels, abrasives, armor-piercing shells and jewelry.
Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid.
A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, or substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases or solids e.g. powder coatings.
Pickling is a metal surface treatment used to remove impurities, such as stains, inorganic contaminants, and rust or scale from ferrous metals, copper, precious metals and aluminum alloys. A solution called pickle liquor, which usually contains acid, is used to remove the surface impurities. It is commonly used to descale or clean steel in various steelmaking processes.
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the growth of crack formation in a corrosive environment. It can lead to unexpected and sudden failure of normally ductile metal alloys subjected to a tensile stress, especially at elevated temperature. SCC is highly chemically specific in that certain alloys are likely to undergo SCC only when exposed to a small number of chemical environments. The chemical environment that causes SCC for a given alloy is often one which is only mildly corrosive to the metal. Hence, metal parts with severe SCC can appear bright and shiny, while being filled with microscopic cracks. This factor makes it common for SCC to go undetected prior to failure. SCC often progresses rapidly, and is more common among alloys than pure metals. The specific environment is of crucial importance, and only very small concentrations of certain highly active chemicals are needed to produce catastrophic cracking, often leading to devastating and unexpected failure.
An aluminium alloy (UK/IUPAC) or aluminum alloy is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin, nickel and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable. About 85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils and extrusions. Cast aluminium alloys yield cost-effective products due to the low melting point, although they generally have lower tensile strengths than wrought alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system is Al–Si, where the high levels of silicon (4–13%) contribute to give good casting characteristics. Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where light weight or corrosion resistance is required.
Surface engineering is the sub-discipline of materials science which deals with the surface of solid matter. It has applications to chemistry, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.
6061 aluminium alloy is a precipitation-hardened aluminium alloy, containing magnesium and silicon as its major alloying elements. Originally called "Alloy 61S", it was developed in 1935. It has good mechanical properties, exhibits good weldability, and is very commonly extruded. It is one of the most common alloys of aluminium for general-purpose use.
7075 aluminium alloy (AA7075) is an aluminium alloy with zinc as the primary alloying element. It has excellent mechanical properties and exhibits good ductility, high strength, toughness, and good resistance to fatigue. It is more susceptible to embrittlement than many other aluminium alloys because of microsegregation, but has significantly better corrosion resistance than the alloys from the 2000 series. It is one of the most commonly used aluminium alloys for highly stressed structural applications and has been extensively used in aircraft structural parts.
Nickel titanium, also known as nitinol, is a metal alloy of nickel and titanium, where the two elements are present in roughly equal atomic percentages. Different alloys are named according to the weight percentage of nickel; e.g., nitinol 55 and nitinol 60.
Parts cleaning is a step in various industrial processes, either as preparation for surface finishing or to safeguard delicate components. One such process, electroplating, is particularly sensitive to part cleanliness, as even thin layers of oil can hinder coating adhesion.
Ceramography is the art and science of preparation, examination and evaluation of ceramic microstructures. Ceramography can be thought of as the metallography of ceramics. The microstructure is the structure level of approximately 0.1 to 100 μm, between the minimum wavelength of visible light and the resolution limit of the naked eye. The microstructure includes most grains, secondary phases, grain boundaries, pores, micro-cracks and hardness microindentations. Most bulk mechanical, optical, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties are significantly affected by the microstructure. The fabrication method and process conditions are generally indicated by the microstructure. The root cause of many ceramic failures is evident in the microstructure. Ceramography is part of the broader field of materialography, which includes all the microscopic techniques of material analysis, such as metallography, petrography and plastography. Ceramography is usually reserved for high-performance ceramics for industrial applications, such as 85–99.9% alumina (Al2O3) in Fig. 1, zirconia (ZrO2), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and ceramic-matrix composites. It is seldom used on whiteware ceramics such as sanitaryware, wall tiles and dishware.
Corrosion engineering is an engineering specialty that applies scientific, technical, engineering skills, and knowledge of natural laws and physical resources to design and implement materials, structures, devices, systems, and procedures to manage corrosion. From a holistic perspective, corrosion is the phenomenon of metals returning to the state they are found in nature. The driving force that causes metals to corrode is a consequence of their temporary existence in metallic form. To produce metals starting from naturally occurring minerals and ores, it is necessary to provide a certain amount of energy, e.g. Iron ore in a blast furnace. It is therefore thermodynamically inevitable that these metals when exposed to various environments would revert to their state found in nature. Corrosion and corrosion engineering thus involves a study of chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and materials science.
Govindan Sundararajan is an Indian materials engineer, known for his contributions in the areas of Surface Engineering and Ballistics. The Government of India honoured him, in 2014, by awarding him the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the fields of science and technology.
Bhakta B. Rath is an Indian American material physicist and head of the Materials Science and Component Technology of the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. He is the chief administrative officer for program planning, interdisciplinary coordination, supervision and control of research and is the associate director of research for Materials Science and Component Technology at NRL.
David Dye is a Professor of Metallurgy at Imperial College London. Dye specialises in fatigue and micromechanics of aerospace and nuclear materials, mainly Ni/Co superalloys, titanium, TWIP steel, and Zirconium alloys.
Robert Vaßen is a German physicist and holds a teaching professorship at the Ruhr University Bochum at the Institute of Materials in the Department of Ceramics Technology. He is head of the department "Materials for High Temperature Technologies" and deputy head of the Institute of Energy Materials and Devices (IMD-2): Materials Synthesis and Processing at Forschungszentrum Jülich.