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General practice is the name given in various nations, such as the United Kingdom, India, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa to the services provided by general practitioners. In some nations, such as the US, similar services may be described as family medicine or primary care. The term Primary Care in the UK may also include services provided by community pharmacy, optometrist, dental surgery and community hearing care providers. The balance of care between primary care and secondary care - which usually refers to hospital based services - varies from place to place, and with time. In many countries there are initiatives to move services out of hospitals into the community, in the expectation that this will save money and be more convenient.
The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded healthcare system in England, and one of the four National Health Service systems in the United Kingdom. It is the second largest single-payer healthcare system in the world after the Brazilian Sistema Único de Saúde. Primarily funded by the government from general taxation, and overseen by the Department of Health and Social Care, the NHS provides healthcare to all legal English residents and residents from other regions of the UK, with most services free at the point of use for most people. The NHS also conducts research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).
Healthcare in England is mainly provided by the National Health Service (NHS), a public body that provides healthcare to all permanent residents in England, that is free at the point of use. The body is one of four forming the UK National Health Service as health is a devolved matter, there are differences with the provisions for healthcare elsewhere in the United Kingdom, and in England it is overseen by NHS England. Though the public system dominates healthcare provision in England, private health care and a wide variety of alternative and complementary treatments are available for those willing and able to pay.
The Health and Social Care Act 2012 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provides for the most extensive reorganisation of the structure of the National Health Service in England to date. It removed responsibility for the health of citizens from the Secretary of State for Health, which the post had carried since the inception of the NHS in 1948. It abolished primary care trusts (PCTs) and strategic health authorities (SHAs) and transferred between £60 billion and £80 billion of "commissioning", or healthcare funds, from the abolished PCTs to several hundred clinical commissioning groups, partly run by the general practitioners (GPs) in England but also a major point of access for private service providers. A new executive agency of the Department of Health, Public Health England, was established under the act on 1 April 2013.
Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) are NHS organisations set up by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 to organise the delivery of NHS services in England. The announcement that GPs would take over this commissioning role was made in the 2010 white paper "Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS". This was part of the government's stated desire to create a clinically-driven commissioning system that was more sensitive to the needs of patients. The 2010 white paper became law under the Health and Social Care Act 2012 in March 2012. At the end of March 2013 there were 211 CCGs, but a series of mergers had reduced the number to 135 by April 2020.
NHS England, officially the NHS Commissioning Board, is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care. It oversees the budget, planning, delivery and day-to-day operation of the commissioning side of the National Health Service in England as set out in the Health and Social Care Act 2012. It directly commissions NHS general practitioners, dentists, optometrists and some specialist services. The Secretary of State publishes annually a document known as the NHS mandate which specifies the objectives which the Board should seek to achieve. National Health Service Regulations are published each year to give legal force to the mandate.
The Hurley Group is a large provider of primary care services in London, one of only 3 organisations in England which served more than 100,000 patients in 2014. In 2012 it ran 13 practices, had 250 employees and provided a variety of NHS services across London.
The Practice PLC is one of the largest providers of Primary Care in the English NHS.
Out-of-hours services are the arrangements to provide access to healthcare at times when General Practitioner surgeries are closed; in the United Kingdom this is normally between 6.30pm and 8am, at weekends, at Bank Holidays and sometimes if the practice is closed for educational sessions.
Sir Anthony Herbert Everington, known as Sam Everington, is a GP at a health centre within the Bromley by Bow Centre, in Tower Hamlets, an area of East London.
Healthcare in London, which consumes about a fifth of the NHS budget in England, is in many respects distinct from that in the rest of the United Kingdom, or England.
The Modality Partnership is a large GP partnership formed in 2009. Such large practices are often described as a "super partnership". According to the King's Fund in 2016 it was one of England’s largest super-practices. In 2018 it had about 400,000 patients and was thought to be the largest practice in England.
Healthcare in Dorset is primarily the responsibility of Dorset Clinical Commissioning Group. Dorset County Council is leading in the development of an electronic health record, to be called the Dorset Care Record, provided by Orion Health. It is intended to enable all health and social care providers to share records.
Healthcare in Kent is now mainly the responsibility from 1 April 2020 of the Kent & Medway Clinical Commissioning Group. Certain specialised services are directly commissioned by NHS England, coordinated through the South East integrated regional team. Some NHS England structures are aligned on a Kent & Medway basis, others on a South East basis and there is liaison with London that provides many tertiary healthcare services to the residents of Kent.
Healthcare in Greater Manchester is mainly provided by the Greater Manchester element of England's public health service, the National Health Service (NHS). This care is provided to all permanent residents of the United Kingdom, free at the point of use and paid for from general taxation from a variety of hospitals, clinics and other public care settings, with private and voluntary services operating and funded independently. The “Greater Manchester Model” of NHS health care is a system uniquely devolved within England, by way of close integration with the Greater Manchester Combined Authority and local authorities, with a vision led by the Mayor of Greater Manchester.
Healthcare in the West Midlands is now the responsibility of five clinical commissioning groups (CCG): Birmingham and Solihull; Sandwell and West Birmingham; Dudley; Wolverhampton; and Walsall.
Healthcare in Lancashire in 2015 was the responsibility of seven clinical commissioning groups covering Blackpool, Chorley and South Ribble, East Lancashire, Fylde and Wyre, Greater Preston, Lancaster North and West Lancashire. From 1 April 2017 32 GP practices from Cumbria Clinical Commissioning Group will merge with Lancashire North CCG to form Morecambe Bay CCG.
Professor Nick Harding OBE BSc FRCGP FRCP HonMFPH DRCOG DOccMed PGDIP (Cardiology) SFFLM, born 21 December 1969, is a British general practitioner and Chief Medical Officer at Operose Health.
The Doctors’ Association UK (DAUK) is a professional association for doctors in the United Kingdom. The association was formed by junior doctors led by Dr Samantha Batt-Rawden in January 2018 in response to the Bawa-Garba case.
The GP Patient Survey is an annual survey of patient experience of British general practice. It is one of the largest ever survey programmes of patients registered to receive primary health care. It is now sent out to over two million people across England. A similar survey is conducted in Wales. In Scotland, the Health & Care Experience Survey asks about people's experiences not only of accessing and using their GP practice and Out of Hours services, but also aspects of care and support provided by local authorities and other organisations and caring responsibilities and related support. It has been run every two years since 2009. In Northern Ireland, the GP patient survey ran from 2008/09 to 2010/11.
References
- 1 2 "Knowledge Transfer Partnership: AT Medics". University of Surrey. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
- 1 2 Tom Foot (25 February 2021). "Sir Keir: is U.S. giant right for our GPs?". Camden New Journal. pp. 1–2.
- ↑ Kollewe, Julia (26 February 2021). "NHS GP practice operator with 500,000 patients passes into hands of US health insurer". The Guardian.
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