Aaron Karfunkel

Last updated

Aaron Karfunkel (also known as Aaron ben Judah; in Hebrew, Aharon ben Yehudah ha-Kohen ; in Yiddish, Aaron Löb (died 1816) was a Bohemian rabbi of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. After having successively filled the rabbinates of Gawartschew, Łask, Dasparschi, and Widowa, he was called in 1801 to Náchod, where he remained until 1806. From 1807–1816 he was chief rabbi of Silesia. Karfunkel was the author of She'eltot Abiyah, containing dissertations on Talmudic subjects, and divided into twelve parts, having for their respective titles the names of the precious stones in the high priest's breastplate. Of these parts only two have been published (Berlin, 1806). They are divided into "kelalim", subdivided into paragraphs, with glosses entitled Millu'at Eben and dissertations called Meshuah Milhamah. Karfunkel was the author also of Tzanif Tahor, a commentary on Ecclesiastes, a manuscript of which is in the British Museum.

Hebrew language Semitic language native to Israel

Hebrew is a Northwest Semitic language native to Israel; the modern version of which is spoken by over 9 million people worldwide. Historically, it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors, although the language was not referred to by the name Hebrew in the Tanakh. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language left, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language.

Kohen or cohen is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood. Levitical priests or kohanim are traditionally believed and halakhically required to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron, brother of Moses.

Yiddish is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a High German-based vernacular fused with elements taken from Hebrew and Aramaic as well as from Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages. Yiddish is written with a fully vocalized version of the Hebrew alphabet.

Related Research Articles

Mordecai Mokiach (Eisenstadt) was a Jewish Sabbatean "prophet" and false Messiah; born in Alsace about 1650; died at Pressburg May 18, 1729.

Benjamin Wolf Löw was a Polish–Hungarian rabbi. He was also known as Binyamin ben Elʻazar, Benjamin Adolf Löw, and Hebrew: Binyamin Ṿolf Leṿ, a.b.d. ḳ.ḳ. Ḳollin u-Ṿerboi‎.

Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport Austrian rabbi

Solomon Judah Löb HaKohen Rapoport, was a Galician rabbi and Jewish scholar. He was born in Lemberg, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. He married in 1810 Franziska Freide Heller, the daughter of the well-known Aryeh Leib Heller, and was instrumental in publishing the work Avnei Miluim of his father in law. He wrote both the index, sources and numerous comments.

Isaac ben Judah Rapoport HaKohen was an 18th-century rabbi who lived in Ottoman Palestine; born and died at Jerusalem, a pupil of rabbi Hezekiah da Silva.

Elijah Ba'al Shem or Eliyahu Ba'al Shem of Chełm was a Polish rabbi who served as chief rabbi of Chełm. He also studied Kabbalah, and, according to his descendant Tzvi Ashkenazi, created a golem. He is credited with creating the first golem with a "shem", so he was known as a "Ba'al Shem." He is the first rabbi in history to be known by this title.

Meir ben Judah Leib Poppers or Meir ben Judah Loeb Ha-Kohen Ashkenazi Poppers was a Bohemian rabbi and kabbalist. He was born in Prague and died in Jerusalem in February or March, 1662.

Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen was a Provençal rabbi, one of a family of scholars living at Narbonne, France, and who suffered the expulsion of the Jews in 1306.

Zechariah Mendel ben Aryeh Leib was a Polish Talmudist, native of Cracow, and in later life chief rabbi and head of the yeshivah at Belz, Galicia. He was the author of Be'er Heitev, a well-known commentary on the Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah, and Ḥoshen Mishpaṭ ; the work is principally a compendium of the Sifte Kohen and Ṭure Zahav.

Jehiel ben Solomon Heilprin was a Lithuanian rabbi, kabalist, and chronicler. He was a descendant of Solomon Luria, and traced his genealogy back through Rashi to the tanna Johanan HaSandlar. He was rabbi of Glusk, Minsk Voivodeship until 1711, when he was called to the rabbinate of Minsk, where he officiated also as head of the yeshibah until his death. Heilprin was one of the most eminent Talmudists of his time. He was opposed to casuistry, and on this account succeeded in grouping around him a great number of liberal-minded pupils. For a long time he had to sustain a hard struggle with Aryeh Löb ben Asher, who, while still a young man, had founded a yeshibah at Minsk, which at first was very flourishing. Aryeh Löb attacked Heilprin's method of teaching, and the antagonism between them spread to their pupils. Later, Aryeh Löb, being obliged to assist his father in the district rabbinate, neglected his yeshibah, which was ultimately closed, and Heilprin was no longer molested.

Kol Bo is a collection of Jewish ritual and civil laws. The meaning of the title is all is in it. Its author has not yet been ascertained. The work in content resembles other codes, as, for instance, the Orḥot Ḥayyim, though in its form it is very different.

Joseph ben Abraham Case was one of the foremost Polish rabbis and Talmudists of the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth; died at Posen about 1610. His name, "Case" or "Kaza" is most probably only a variant of the well-known surname "Cases." This would argue for Italian descent; but it does not agree with the fact that Case called himself "Shapiro," as Bloch has conclusively proved.

Judah (Leon) ben Samuel (Simon) ha-Kohen Cantarini was an Italian physician and rabbi. He had a large practise among the Christian as well as the Jewish population of that city, visiting the poorer of his patients four times a day without charge. He taught the Talmud, in which he was very learned. He also officiated as preacher. A letter of his is extant, addressed to Jacob Lebet-Levi, and dealing with a legal quarrel in which Cantarini was involved. This letter, which testifies to his thorough knowledge of the Talmud, is written in a very pure and classical Hebrew. At Cantarini's death his nephew, Isaac Chayyim Cantarini, wrote his obituary.

Abraham Maskileison (1788–1848) was a Jewish scholar, rabbi and author active in Russia during the first half of the 19th century.

Aaron ibn Sargado or Aaron ben R. Joseph ha-Kohen ) was a tenth-century AD gaon in Pumbedita, Babylonia. He was a son of Joseph ha-Kohen.

Abba Jose ben Hanan or Abba Jose ben Hanin was a tanna who lived in Judea during the 1st century CE. His career spanned the last decades before the destruction of the Second Temple and was a contemporary of Eliezer ben Jacob and of Hanina ben Antigonus, with both of whom he is mentioned in a halakhic discussion. His name occurs also as "Abba Jose ben Hanan," or "ben Johanan", "Abba Joseph," and"Abba Issi." Jose's halakot are also mentioned in Sifre, Numbers 8, Mid. ii. 6, and Sotah 20b. He transmitted an aggadah of Abba Kohen Bardela and one of Shmuel haKatan. A sentence of Jose's, rebuking the priestly families that acted violently toward the people, transmitted by Abba Saul ben Batnit, reads as follows: "Woe unto me for the house of Boethus and their rods; woe unto me for the house of Hanin and their calumnious whispering; woe unto me for the house of Qatros and their pens; woe unto me for the house of Ishmael ben Phabi and their fists."

Jose ben Saul was a Jewish rabbi who lived in Galilee in the third century CE. He is considered an amora of the first generation after the codification of the Mishnah. Jose is known chiefly as a transmitter of the sayings and traditions of the patriarch Judah ha-Nasi, whose disciple he was. These as well as his own sayings are further transmitted by Joshua ben Levi and by Hiyya ben Gamda. In one place the following order is given: Simon ben Pazzi says in the name of Joshua ben Levi in the name of Rabbi Jose ben Saul in the name of Judah ha-Nasi in the name of the holy assembly of Jerusalem. The Jerusalem Talmud has preserved only one anecdote of his in the Aramaic. His brothers were Johanan ben Saul and Halafta ben Saul, with the former of whom he used to hold halakhic controversies.

Aaron Ben Asher of Karlin, known as Rabbi Aaron II of Karlin, was a famous rabbi of the Ḥasidim in northwestern Russia.

Aaron Berechiah ben Moses ben Nehemiah of Modena was an Italian cabalist, who died in 1639. He was a pupil of Rabbi Hillel of Modena and of Rabbi Menahem Azariah of Fano.

Aaron ha-Levi Oettingen was a Galician rabbi; born about the beginning of the eighteenth century; died in Lemberg about 1769. He was one of a prominent family of rabbis, and officiated for the congregations of Javorov and Rzeszow. His father, Ḥayyim Judah Loeb ben Eliezer, was rabbi of Lemberg, as was also his father-in-law, Ḥayyim Cohen Rapoport, author of responsa, ultimately published at Lemberg, 1861. Aaron strongly opposed the Ḥasidism which arose in Galicia, and especially attacked Elimelech of Lezaysk, the author of "No'am Elimelech". His approbations are found in various works of that period.

Judah ben Solomon ha-Kohen was a thirteenth-century Spanish Jewish philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. He was the author of the Midrash ha-Ḥokmah, considered the first of the great Hebrew encyclopedias, and notable for its in-depth treatment both of the exact sciences and of biblical and rabbinic texts.

References

Solomon Schechter Moldavian-born Romanian rabbi

Solomon Schechter was a Moldavian-born American rabbi, academic scholar and educator, most famous for his roles as founder and President of the United Synagogue of America, President of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, and architect of American Conservative Judaism.

PD-icon.svg  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "article name needed". Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. 

The public domain consists of all the creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable.

Isidore Singer American encyclopediast

Isidore Singer was an editor of The Jewish Encyclopedia and founder of the American League for the Rights of Man.