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The Caliphate of Córdoba, also known as the Cordoban Caliphate, or the Second Umayyad Caliphate, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 929 to 1031. Its territory comprised Iberia and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba. It succeeded the Emirate of Córdoba upon the self-proclamation of Umayyad emir Abd ar-Rahman III as caliph in January 929. The period was characterized by an expansion of trade and culture, and saw the construction of masterpieces of al-Andalus architecture.
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Abd al-Malik ibn Umar ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam, also known as al-Marwani, was an Umayyad prince, general and governor of Seville under the first Umayyad emir of al-Andalus, Abd al-Rahman I. He led two major campaigns in 758 and 774, the first against the previous ruler of al-Andalus Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri and the second against the rebellious troops of Seville and Beja. His victories solidified the Umayyad emirate's control of western al-Andalus. His descendants continued to play important political and military roles in the Emirate well into the 10th century.
Jaume I or the Monument to James I is an instance of public art in Valencia, Spain. The monument is topped by an equestrian bronze statue representing James I of Aragon, conqueror of Valencia in 1238 and founder of the Kingdom of Valencia.
Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Muzaffar was the king of the Taifa of Valencia between 1061 and 1065. He was the son of Abd al-Aziz al-Mansur.
References
- ↑ Sanz, Vicente Coscollá (2003). La Valencia musulmana (in Spanish). Carena Editors, S.l. p. 2. ISBN 978-84-87398-75-9.
- ↑ Fletcher, Richard A. (1991). The Quest for El Cid. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506955-6.
- ↑ Calatayud, Mariano Torreño (2005). Arquitectura y urbanismo en Valencia (in Spanish). Carena Editors, S.l. p. 12. ISBN 978-84-96419-08-7.
