Abdiqadir Kosar Abdi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chairman of the Somali National Movement | |
| In office November 1983 [1] –August 1984 | |
| Preceded by | Sheikh Yusuf Ali Sheikh Madar |
| Succeeded by | Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud |
Abdiqadir Kosar Abdi was a Somali military leader. He was a Colonel of the SNA and the third chairman of the Somali National Movement. He hailed from the Rer Warsama Said (Warabe) of the Habr Yunis. [2] [3] [4]
Kosar was a colonel of the Somali national army and a highly respected veteran of the 1977 Ogaden War. In the early '80s,he was among the many Isaaq military officials who defected from the SNA due to the widespread nepotism and corruption of the Barre regime. Kosar joined the newly formed Somali National Movement and was the leader of its Military wing where he trained and led SNM fighters on many operations against the SNA. [5]
In 1983 tensions rose between the two ideological camps of the SNM,the religious civilian camp led by Sheikh Yusuf Madar and the secular military officers led by Kosar. This power struggle within the SNM led to the convening of an emergency meeting of the central committee in November 1983 which took place in Harar,Ethiopia. During the meeting,Kosar challenged Sheikh Yusuf for the chairmanship and the issue was put to a vote. Kosar was able to secure 2 thirds of the votes and was declared Chairman,soon after the religious civilians were effectively purged from leadership roles and the movement took on a more militaristic face.
During his chairmanship,the SNM saw an increase in military activity,with the success rates of operations surging drastically. Under Kosar's leadership,the SNM expanded its relations with the Derg beyond military and security matters into politics which led to a meeting at Dire Dawa between him and Mengistu in 1984. [6] [7] Kosar with his contacts in the SNA was able to recruit many military officers of the Hawiye into the SNM. The influx of defecting southerners into the SNM threatened Barre so much that he arranged the assassination of Kosar. In 1986 while carrying out operations on the Ethiopia border near the Hiiraan region,he was ambushed by gunmen which resulted in his martyrdom.
Mohamed Farrah Hassan Garad,known as General Aidid or Aideed,was a Somali general and diplomat.
The Western Somali Liberation Front was an Ogaden separatist group fighting in eastern Ethiopia to liberate the Ogaden region from Ethiopian control. It played a major role in the Ogaden War of 1977–78,assisting the invading Somali Army.
Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) (Somali:Jabhadda Diimuqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed),initially known as the Democratic Front for Salvation of Somalia,was a political and paramilitary umbrella organization in Somalia. Founded in 1978 by several army officers,it was the first of several opposition groups dedicated to ousting the authoritarian regime of Mohamed Siad Barre. With its power base mainly in the Majeerteen clan,SSDF played a significant role in the country's complex political landscape during the late 1970s and 2000s. And Succeeded by the establishment in 1998 of the autonomous Puntland state in northeastern Somalia.
The Habar Yoonis alternatively spelled as Habr Yunis is a major clan part of the wider Isaaq. As descendants of Ismail bin Sheikh Isaaq,its members form a part of the wider Habar Magaadle confederation which constitutes the largest sub-clan of the Isaaq.
The Isaaq is a major Somali clan family. It is one of the largest Somali clan families in the Horn of Africa,with a large and densely populated traditional territory.
The Habr Garhajis also contemporarily known as the Garhajis is a major clan of the wider Isaaq clan family. They are the traditional holders of the Isaaq Sultanate and Habr Yunis Sultanate since the 18th century. As descendants of Ismail bin Sheikh Isaaq,its members form a part of the Habar Magaadle confederation,and they constitute the largest sub-clan of the Isaaq. The Garhajis are divided into two major sub-clans:the Habr Yunis and Eidagale. They are traditionally nomadic pastoralists,merchants and skilled poets.
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud "Silanyo" is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2010 to 2017. He is a long-time member of the government,having served as Minister of Commerce of the Somali Republic,and among other Cabinet positions. During the 1980s,he also served as the Chairman of the Somali National Movement.
The Somali Civil War is an ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990,the Somali Armed Forces began engaging in combat against various armed rebel groups,including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast,the Somali National Movement in the northwest,and the United Somali Congress in the south. The clan-based armed opposition groups overthrew the Barre government in 1991.
Mohammad Ali Samatar. was a Somali military officer,politician,former Commander-in-Chief of the Somali National Army,former Minister of Defence,former Vice President,former Deputy General Secretary of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party,and former Prime Minister. He was known for his intelligent military tactics in the 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War,Ogaden War and 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War.
The Somali National Movement was one of the first and most important organized guerilla groups and Mujahideen groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s,as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence. The organisation was founded in London,England,on April 6,1981 by Hassan Isse Jama,Hassan Adan Wadadid,and Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid and other former Somali diplomats,who stated that initially the group's purpose was to overthrow the Siad Barre regime.
The Somali National Alliance was a major politico-military faction formed on 16 June 1992 by four different rebel groups that had been in opposition to the regime of former Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre. The SNA was the first major inter-clan and inter-factional political alliance and was considered to be among the most powerful factions of the Somali Civil War. The alliance would most notably face off against the second phase of the United Nations Operation in Somalia in the latter half of 1993.
The Somali Rebellion was the beginning of the civil war in Somalia that occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s. The rebellion started in 1978 when President Siad Barre began using his special forces,the "Red Berets",to attack clan-based dissident groups opposed to his regime. The dissidents had been becoming more powerful for nearly a decade following his abrupt switch of allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States and the disastrous 1977-78 Ogaden War.
Over the course of the Somali Civil War,there have been many revolutionary movements and militia groups run by competing rebel leaders which have held de facto control over vast areas within Somalia.
The 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War occurred between June and August 1982 when Ethiopia,sending a 10,000 man invasion force backed by warplanes and armored units,supported by thousands of Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) rebels invaded central Somalia.
Abdullahi Ahmed Irro,also known as Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf Irro,was a prominent Somali military professor and general. He helped establish the National Academy for Strategy.
The Isaaq genocide,also known as the Hargeisa holocaust,was the systematic,state-sponsored genocide of Isaaq civilians between 1987 and 1989 by the Somali Democratic Republic,under the dictatorship of Siad Barre,during the Somaliland War of Independence. The number of civilian deaths in this massacre is estimated to be between 50,000 and 100,000,according to various sources,whilst local reports estimate the total civilian deaths to be upwards of 200,000 Isaaq civilians. The genocide also included the levelling and complete destruction of the second and third largest cities in the Somali Republic,Hargeisa and Burao,respectively,and had caused up to 500,000 Somalis of the region,primarily of the Isaaq clan,to flee their land and cross the border to Hartasheikh in Ethiopia as refugees in what was described as "one of the fastest and largest forced movements of people recorded in Africa",which resulted in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp then (1988),with another 400,000 being displaced. The scale of destruction led to Hargeisa being known as the 'Dresden of Africa'. The killings happened during the Somali Civil War and have been referred to as a "forgotten genocide".
Hassan Adan Wadadid was a Somali politician and diplomat. He was the Somali Republic ambassador to Saudi Arabia and Pakistan during the 60s. He was one of the founders of the Somali National Movement and served as the movement's first Vice-Chairman. Hassan belonged to the Rer Ainanshe sub-division of the Habr Yunis.
Mohamed Hashi Dirie,commonly known as Lihle was a Somali military leader,colonel of the Somali National Army and later the commander of the military wing of the Somali National Movement. He belonged to the Farah Mohamed branch of the Musa Abdallah subclan of the Habr Yunis.
The Somaliland War of Independence was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland,the Isaaq,including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978.
The 1988 Hargeisa-Burao offensive was a major offensive conducted during the Somaliland War of Independence in May 1988 by the Somali National Movement on the cities of Hargeisa and Burao,then the second and third largest cities of Somalia. The SNM captured Burao on 27 May within two hours,while the SNM entered Hargeisa on 29 May,overrunning most of the city apart from its airport by 1 June. During the offensive the Somali National Army committed gross human rights violations,including attacking the civilian population using heavy artillery and tanks.
 | This Somaliland biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |