Abraham Klausner was an Austrian rabbi and ritualist who flourished at Vienna in the second half of the fourteenth century. [1]
He shared the rabbinical office at Vienna with Meir ben Baruch Halevi (Jacob Weil, Responsa, No. 151 [2] ). [1]
Aaron Blumlein and Shalom of Wiener-Neustadt , were among his contemporaries. Two of his pupils were Isaac Tyrnau and Jacob Mölln. His collection of ritual customs (" minhagim "), with his notes, was published at Riva di Trento in 1559. The editor of Mölln's "Minhage Maharil" added in several cases some of the minhagim collected by Klausner. His responsa are referred to by Israel Isserlein in his "Pesaḳim u-Ketabim" (No. 6 [3] ). [1]
The Shulchan Aruch, sometimes dubbed in English as the Code of Jewish Law, is the most widely consulted of the various legal codes in Judaism. It was authored in Safed by Joseph Karo in 1563 and published in Venice two years later. Together with its commentaries, it is the most widely accepted compilation of Jewish law ever written.
Israel Isserlin was a Talmudist, and Halakhist, best known for his Terumat HaDeshen, which served as one source for HaMapah, the component of the Shulkhan Arukh by Moses Isserles. He is also known as Israel of Neustadt, Israel of Marpurk, and Maharai.
Daniel Bomberg was one of the most important printers of Hebrew books. A Christian who employed rabbis, scholars and apostates in his Venice publishing house, Bomberg printed the first Mikraot Gdolot and the first complete Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. These editions set standards that are still in use today, in particular the pagination of the Babylonian Talmud, the universal layout of the commentaries of Rashi, and of the Tosfot. His publishing house printed about 200 Hebrew books, including Siddurim, responsa, codes of law, works of philosophy and ethics, commentaries, and more. He was the first Hebrew printer in Venice and the first non-Jewish printer of Hebrew books.
Jacob Berab, also spelled Berav or Bei-Rav,, was an influential rabbi and talmudist best known for his attempt to reintroduce classical semikhah (ordination).
Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet was a medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist. He is widely known as the Rashba, the Hebrew acronym of his title and name: Rabbi Shlomo ben Avraham.
Rabbi Isaac Tyrnau was an Austrian rabbi, born in the late 14th century and active in the 15th century; he is most famous for his Sefer haMinhagim.
Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin was a Talmudist and posek best known for his codification of the customs (minhagim) of the German Jews. He is also known as Maharil - the Hebrew acronym for "Our Teacher, the Rabbi, Yaakov Levi" - as well as Mahari Segal or Mahari Moelin. Maharil's Minhagim was a source of law for Moses Isserles’ component of the Shulkhan Arukh.
Rabbi Israel of Bruna was a Moravian-German rabbi and Posek. He is also known as Mahari Bruna, the Hebrew acronym for "Our Teacher, the Rabbi, Israel Bruna". Rabbi Bruna is best known as one of the primary Ashkenazi authorities quoted by Moses Isserles in the Shulkhan Arukh.
The history of responsa in Judaism, spans a period of 1,700 years. Rabbinic responsa constitute a special class of rabbinic literature, differing in form, but not necessarily in content, from Rabbinic commentaries devoted to the exegesis of the Bible, the Mishnah, the Talmud, and halakha. The codes themselves contain the rules for ordinary incidents of life. The responsa literature covers all these topics and more.
Jacob Weil, later known as Mahariv was a German rabbi and Talmudist who flourished during the first half of the fifteenth century.
Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne (c. 1080-85 – 1158) was a Provençal rabbi, also known as Raavad II, and author of the halachic work Ha-Eshkol.
Simeon ben Zemah Duran, also Tzemach Duran, known as Rashbatz or Tashbatz was a Rabbinical authority, student of philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, and especially of medicine, which he practised for a number of years at Palma. A major 15th century posek, his published decisions in matters of Halacha have been widely quoted in halachic literature for hundreds of years.
Yom-Tov Lipmann ben Solomon Muhlhausen was a controversial Talmudist, kabalist and philosopher of the 14th and 15th centuries. His religious and scholarly career and influence spanned the Jewish communities of Bohemia, Poland, Austria and various parts of Germany, and his dispute with the principles of Christianity left a lasting imprint on the relations between Christianity and Judaism.
Abraham Judah Klausner was a Reform rabbi and United States Army captain and chaplain who became a “father figure” for the more than 30,000 emaciated survivors found at Dachau Concentration Camp, 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Munich, shortly after it was liberated on April 29, 1945. He also cared for thousands more left homeless in camps as the victorious Allied Forces determined where they should go.
Walter Jacob is an American Reform rabbi who was born in Augsburg, Germany, and immigrated to the United States in 1940.
Beit Yosef, written by Rabbi Joseph Karo, is a long and detailed commentary on the Arba'ah Turim ("Tur") by Jacob ben Asher. The Shulchan Aruch, which Rabbi Karo wrote later in his life, is a condensation of its rulings.
Joel Müller was a German rabbi and Talmudist, born in Ungarisch-Ostra, Moravia, and dying in Berlin.
Aaron of Neustadt was an Austrian Talmudist who with Shallum and Jaekel of Vienna formed a triumvirate of Talmudic scholars in Austria at the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth century. He was the uncle and chief instructor of Israel Isserlein, who frequently alludes in his works to the decisions and opinions of his teacher. Jacob Mölln (Maharil) also refers to him and his colleagues. Aaron suffered the death of a martyr, at Vienna, on 13 March 1421. He wrote a digest, "Hilkot Niddah," which is mentioned by Isserlein. A collection of sermons by Aaron is now known only through three citations in the works of Jacob Mölln and of Isserlein.
Abraham Hayyim Adadi was a Sephardi Hakham, dayan, av beit din, and senior rabbi of the 19th-century Jewish community of Tripoli, Libya. In his younger years, he lived in Safed, Palestine, and traveled to Jewish communities in the Middle East and North Africa as a shadar to raise funds for the Safed community. He returned to Safed a few years before his death and was buried there. He published several halakhic works and also recorded the local minhagim (customs) of Tripoli and Safed, providing a valuable resource for scholars and historians.
Yaakov de Castro, alternative spelling: Yaakov Costaro (1525–1610), was a rabbinic scholar, judge and exponent of Jewish law in Cairo, Egypt. A descendant of Jews who fled Portugal during the time of the Portuguese Inquisition, his family eventually came to settle in Egypt. A student of the illustrious Radbaz, he is considered the last Chief Rabbi of Egypt to hold sway over the entire Jewish community in Egypt, mostly Musta'arabi Jews, after the abolition of the office of nagid, and whose halachic rulings were widespread across the land. He was a nephew of the master of the mint for the Ottoman Sultan in Cairo, Abraham de Castro.