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Harakat Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya, commonly referred to as Ahrar al-Sham, was a coalition of multiple Sunni Islamist units that coalesced into a single brigade and later a division in order to fight against the Syrian Government led by Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian Civil War. Ahrar al-Sham was led by Hassan Aboud until his death in 2014. In July 2013, Ahrar al-Sham had 10,000 to 20,000 fighters, which at the time made it the second most powerful unit fighting against al-Assad, after the Free Syrian Army. It was the principal organization operating under the umbrella of the Syrian Islamic Front and was a major component of the Islamic Front. With an estimated 20,000 fighters in 2015, Ahrar al-Sham became the largest rebel group in Syria after the Free Syrian Army became less powerful. Ahrar al-Sham and Jaysh al-Islam were the main rebel groups supported by Turkey. On 18 February 2018, Ahrar al-Sham merged with the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement to form the Syrian Liberation Front.
Syrian Liberation Front is a Syrian Islamist rebel group that was formed in early 2018. and is based out of the Aleppo Governorate in northwestern Syria.
Kata'ib Ansar al-Sham is an armed Sunni Islamist rebel group active in the Syrian Civil War, mainly fighting against Syrian government forces.
The Martyrs of Islam Brigade is a Syrian rebel group formed in the Damascus suburb of Darayya and was the main group that operated in the suburb. It was the only Syrian rebel group to be completely under the authority of a local city council and received U.S.-made BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles despite the tight siege Darayya was in between 2012 and 2016.
The Idlib Governorate clashes , were military confrontations between Syrian rebel factions led by Ahrar al-Sham and their allies on one side and the al-Qaeda-aligned Jabhat Fatah al-Sham and their allies on the other. After 7 February, the clashes also included Jund al-Aqsa as a third belligerent, which had re-branded itself as Liwa al-Aqsa and was attacking the other combatants. The battles were fought in the Idlib Governorate and the western countryside of the Aleppo Governorate.
Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), also referred to as Tahrir al-Sham, was a Sunni Islamist political organisation and former militia group involved in the Syrian civil war. It was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between several armed groups: Jaysh al-Ahrar, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (JFS), Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. The unification process was held under the initiative of Abu Jaber Shaykh, an Islamist militant commander who had been the second emir of Ahrar al-Sham. HTS, along with other Syrian opposition groups, launched an offensive that led to fall of the Assad regime on 8 December 2024.
On 19 February 2018, heavy clashes erupted between the newly established Syrian Liberation Front, which consists of Ahrar al-Sham and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, backed by the Suqour al-Sham Brigades, and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in the western Aleppo Governorate. The conflict soon spread to the Idlib Governorate and the SLF captured several towns from HTS. A ceasefire between the two groups was reached on 24 April 2018. Fighting again resumed on 1 January 2019, ending with a total HTS military victory on 9 January.
Tanzim Hurras al-Din, sometimes referred to as Al-Qaeda in Syria, was a Salafi Jihadist organization that fought in the Syrian civil war. The group's former head, Abu Humam al-Shami, was the general military commander of the defunct Al-Nusra Front, and had fought for Al-Qaeda during the Third Afghan Civil War and the Iraqi insurgency. Hurras al-Din was established by the leaders of the AQ-affiliated Khorasan group and Al-Qaeda loyalists of Al-Nusra Front who opposed Al-Nusra's dissolution and merger with other Islamic groups to form Tahrir al-Sham. Al-Shami announced the formation of Hurras al-Din on 27 February 2018.
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Ansar al-Tawhid was an armed Islamist group fighting in the Syrian Civil War. The group was made up of former Jund al-Aqsa members. It was allied with Al-Qaeda and part of the Hurras al-Din-led Rouse the Believers Operations Room until May 2020, when it announced its departure from the coalition.
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The Unified Military Council, also known as the Joint Tripartite Military Committee, is a Turkish intelligence and military-sponsored joint operations room between the National Front for Liberation and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, the two major armed rebel groups based in the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The council was formed as a restructuring of the Great Conquest Operations Room in October 2020, after several months of preparation following the end of the latest offensive by the Syrian Armed Forces against rebels in Idlib.
Afif Mahmoud Suleiman is a Syrian rebel military leader from the Idlib Governorate of northwest Syria. He led the Revolutionary Military Council in Idlib Governorate from 2012 to 2014, and has been the commander-in-chief of the Free Idlib Army of the National Front for Liberation since 2019.
The Tahrir al-Sham–Jundullah conflict was a series of violent clashes between Hayat Tahrir al-Sham and several rival jihadist factions operating in the Idlib and Latakia governorates. The clashes began on 25 October 2021 after HTS demanded that the jihadist leader Muslim Shishani should stand trial after they accused him and his group of sheltering members of the Islamic State.
The So Be Steadfast Operations Room is a coalition of Salafist jihadist insurgent groups in Idlib Governorate, Syria during the Syrian civil war.
The Ansar Fighters Brigade is a Salafist jihadist group in Idlib Governorate, Syria during the Syrian civil war.
Sirojiddin Mukhtarov, commonly known by his nom de guerreAbu Salah al-Uzbeki, was the head of the Ansar al-Din Front in Syria and was the founder of Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (KTWJ).
References
- 1 2 "From Rima to Idlib prisons… Discover journey of the most prominent leader of "Tahrir al-Sham"". Enab Baladi. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
- ↑ Ali Hashem (3 December 2014). "IS leader's 'captured wife' may not be who she says she is". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
- ↑ Harun al-Aswad (27 June 2020). "Civil war within civil war: HTS battles rival militants, defectors in Syria's Idlib". Middle East Eye . Retrieved 1 January 2025.
- ↑ Aaron Y. Zelin (9 September 2020). "Living Long Enough to See Yourself Become the Villain: The Case of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy . Retrieved 1 January 2025.
- ↑ Uran Botobekov (10 July 2020). "Top Uzbek Jihadist Leader Suffers for Loyalty to Al Qaeda". Modern Diplomacy. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
- ↑ Waleed Abu al-Khair (24 June 2020). "Tahrir al-Sham lashes out at dissident leaders". Diyaruna. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
- ↑ "Striving for Hegemony: The HTS Crackdown on al-Qaida and Friends in Northwest Syria". Jihadica. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
- ↑ Ali Darwish (30 September 2021). "Conflicts of interest prevent HTS top leaders' assassination". Enab Baladi . Retrieved 1 January 2025.