Acha | |
---|---|
Archbishop of Esztergom | |
See | Esztergom |
Appointed | c. 1087 |
Term ended | c. 1090 |
Predecessor | Nehemiah (?) |
Successor | Seraphin |
Personal details | |
Nationality | Hungarian |
Acha was a Hungarian prelate in the second half of the 11th century, who served as Archbishop of Esztergom from around 1087 to 1090.
His name may come from Turkic "aça", meaning "open, clear, clean". [1]
Born into the native nobility, he was of Hungarian origin. As he did not adopt a Christian name, he was not a member of the Benedictine Order, in contrast to most contemporary prelates. It is possible that, as his successors, he was one of the court clergymen during the reign of Ladislaus I of Hungary. [2] A document from 1134, which contains a verdict of Archbishop Felician, narrates the circumstances of the foundation of the Diocese of Zagreb, where Acha was mentioned as Archbishop of Esztergom, thus he held the dignity around then, when Ladislaus set up the episcopate. [3] According to historian László Koszta, it is presumable that Acha already served as archbishop during the canonization of Stephen I in 1083. 17th-century Jesuit scholar Melchior Inchofer argued Ladislaus sent his envoy, Archbishop Acha to Pope Urban II in 1088 in order to prepare his invasion of Croatia and ask the pope's consent. Based on historian Bálint Hóman's research, the Diocese of Zagreb (in Slavonia, which was "no-man's land" between Hungary and Croatia) was founded in the late 1080s, just before Ladislaus' invasion. If the establishment took place after the war, Acha functioned as Archbishop of Esztergom after 1091 (at the latest in 1093 and 1094). [4]
According to a scholarly theory, the sees of the dioceses of Kalocsa and Bihar were moved to Bács (now Bač, Serbia) and Nagyvárad (present-day Oradea, Romania), respectively, during Acha's primacy. It is possible that the erection of the second Gyulafehérvár Cathedral also occurred then, in addition to the foundations of the Kolozsmonostor and Báta abbeys. As he was not present at the establishment of the Somogyvár Abbey in 1091, presumably he was dead by then. [5]
Matthias from the kindred Rátót was a Hungarian prelate in the first half of the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Vác from 1238 to 1240, then Archbishop of Esztergom from 1239 until his death in the Battle of Mohi. He was the first Archbishop of Esztergom, who was referred to as Primate of Hungary.
Fancica or Francica was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, who served as Bishop of Zagreb from around 1125 to 1131, then Archbishop of Kalocsa from 1131 until his death.
Desiderius or Ders was a Hungarian prelate in the 11th century, who served as Archbishop of Kalocsa from around 1064 to 1076.
Seraphin was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, who served as Archbishop of Esztergom from around 1095 until his death.
Nehemiah was a Hungarian prelate and politician, who served as Archbishop of Esztergom in the 1070s, during the reigns of Géza I and Ladislaus I of Hungary.
Macarius was a prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 12th century. He was successively provost of Titel around 1127, bishop of Pécs between around 1136 and around 1139, and finally archbishop of Esztergom until around 1147.
Kalán from the kindred Bár-Kalán was a prelate and royal official in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. He was bishop of Pécs from 1186 until his death in 1218, and ban of Croatia and Dalmatia between 1193 and 1194, thus he was the first prelate in the kingdom to parallelly held a secular office. Kalán's relationship with the monarch was tense in the reign of King Emeric who accused the bishop of incest but could never prove it. Although a part of the canons of Esztergom elected Kalán as archbishop in 1204, his election was not confirmed by the Holy See. Kalán died when planning to go on a crusade to the Holy Land.
Job from the kindred Záh was a Roman Catholic prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 13th century. He was provost of the collegiate chapter of Székesfehérvár and vice-chancellor between 1251 and 1252, and bishop of Pécs from 1252 until his death in 1280 or 1281. He was involved in lasting conflict with the canons of his see, with the archbishops of Esztergom and with other prelates. Bishop Job was a partisan of the "junior king" Stephen V in the latter's conflict with the "senior king" Béla IV. Accordingly, Job reached the zenith of his influence in the period starting with the death of Béla IV, when he also held temporal offices in addition to his bishopric.
Marcellus was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, who served as Bishop of Vác from around 1111 to 1113, then Archbishop of Esztergom from around 1116 until his death.
Lawrence was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, who served as Archbishop of Esztergom from around 1105 until his death. He was a faithful confidant of Coloman, King of Hungary and the initiator of large-scale church organizational and canon law reforms in the Kingdom of Hungary.
Felician was a Hungarian prelate in the first half of the 12th century, who served as Archbishop of Esztergom from around 1125 until his presumably death in 1139 or later.
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Stephen (II) from the kindred Báncsa was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Archbishop of Kalocsa from 1266 until his death. He was a staunch supporter of Stephen V of Hungary.
Job was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, who served as Bishop of Vác from 1181 to 1183, and as Archbishop of Esztergom from 1185 until his death.
Báncsa or Bancsa, also incorrectly Vancsa or Vancza, was the name of a gens in the Kingdom of Hungary.
Timothy was a prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Zagreb from 1263 until his death.
Benedict was a Hungarian prelate in the second half of the 13th century, who served as Archbishop-elect of Esztergom from 1274 until his death. Previously, he held various posts in the royal chancellery.
Philip from the kindred Türje, also known as, albeit incorrectly, Philip of Szentgrót was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Zagreb from 1247 or 1248 to 1262, and as Archbishop of Esztergom from 1262 until his death.
Peter was a Hungarian noble in the late 11th century, who served as Palatine of Hungary around 1091, during the reign of Ladislaus I of Hungary.
Julius was a Hungarian lord in the second half of the 11th century, who served as Palatine of Hungary at least from 1075 to 1090, during the reigns of Géza I then Ladislaus I.