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Public opinion is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them. The term originates from France, and first appeared in the 17th century, though writers had identified the importance of the opinion of the people long before this. Prior to the advent of mass media, public fora such as coffee houses and gentlemen's clubs were used as exchanges of opinion and some reputable locations had great influence.
The American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) is a professional organization of more than 2,000 public opinion and survey research professionals in the United States and from around the world, with members from academia, media, government, the non-profit sector and private industry. AAPOR publishes three academic journals: Public Opinion Quarterly, Survey Practice and the Journal for Survey Statistics and Methodology. It holds an annual research conference and maintains a "Code of Professional Ethics and Practices", for survey research which all members agree to follow. The association's founders include pioneering pollsters Archibald Crossley, George Gallup, and Elmo Roper.
Public Opinion Quarterly is an academic journal published by Oxford University Press for the American Association for Public Opinion Research, covering communication studies and political science. It was established in 1937 and according to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.429, ranking it 20th out of 79 journals in the category "Communication", 37th out of 163 journals in the category "Political Science" and 18th out of 93 journals in the category "Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary". The journal was originally sponsored by Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. Its first editor-in-chief was former diplomat DeWitt Clinton Poole.
Daniel Yankelovich was an American public opinion analyst and social scientist.
Warren J. Mitofsky was an American political pollster.
John E. Mueller is an American political scientist in the field of international relations as well as a scholar of the history of dance. He is recognized for his ideas concerning "the banality of ethnic war" and the theory that major world conflicts are quickly becoming obsolete.
Andrew Kohut was an American pollster and nonpartisan news commentator about public affairs topics.
James A. Davis (1929–2016) was a distinguished American sociologist who is best known as a pioneer in the application of quantitative statistical methods to social science research and teaching. Most recently, he was a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Chicago.
Albert Hadley Cantril, Jr. was an American psychologist from the Princeton University, who expanded the scope of the field.
The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at Cornell University is the world's oldest archive of social science data and the largest specializing in data from public opinion surveys. It's collection includes over 24,000 datasets and more than 820,000 questions with responses in Roper iPoll, adding hundreds more each year. The archive contains responses from millions of individuals on a vast range of topics. The current executive director of the center is Jonathon P. Schuldt, Associate Professor of Communication at Cornell University, with a governing board of directors chaired by Robert Y. Shapiro of Columbia University.
Matthew S. Levendusky is an American political scientist, best known for his 2009 book The Partisan Sort: How Liberals Became Democrats and Conservatives Became Republicans. His work has primarily focused on explaining political polarization, but also includes media analyses and topics related to public opinion and American foreign policy. Levendusky is currently associate professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania.
Tali Mendelberg is the John Work Garrett Professor in Politics at Princeton University, and winner of the American Political Science Association (APSA), 2002 Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award for her book, The Race Card: Campaign Strategy, Implicit Messages, and the Norm of Equality.
Lloyd A. Free was a pollster who worked with Hadley Cantril and the Institute for International Social Research (IISR).
Eric Schickler is an American political scientist, currently the Jeffrey & Ashley McDermott Endowed Chair at University of California, Berkeley and an Elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
Robert J. Blendon is the Richard L. Menschel Professor of Public Health and Professor of Health Policy and Political Analysis, Emeritus and Acting Director for the Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. For decades he held appointments as a Professor of Health Policy and Political Analysis at both the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. In addition, he directs the Harvard Opinion Research Program, which focuses on better understanding of public knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about major social policy issues in the U.S. and other nations. He currently co-directs the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health project on understanding Americans’ Health Agenda, including a joint series with National Public Radio and POLITICO. Previously, he co-directed a special polling series with TheWashington Post and Kaiser Family Foundation. Additionally, Dr. Blendon co-directed a special survey project for the Minneapolis Star Tribune on health care that received the National Press Club’s 1998 Award for Consumer Journalism. He also co-directed a project for National Public Radio and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation on American attitudes toward domestic policy. The series was cited by the National Journal as setting a new standard for use of public opinion surveys in broadcast journalism. In 2008, Dr. Blendon received the Warren J. Mitofsky Award for Excellence in Public Opinion Research from the Board of Directors of the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at Cornell University.
Howard Schuman was an American sociologist and professor of sociology at the University of Michigan. He is known for his work on survey research, such as the design of polling questions.
Eleanor Singer was an Austrian-born American expert on survey methodology. She edited Public Opinion Quarterly from 1975 to 1986, and with several co-authors wrote the textbook Survey Methodology. From 1987 to 1989 she was president of the American Association for Public Opinion Research.
A feeling thermometer, also known as a thermometer scale, is a type of visual analog scale that allows respondents to rank their views of a given subject on a scale from "cold" to "hot", analogous to the temperature scale of a real thermometer. It is often used in survey and political science research to measure how positively individuals feel about a given group, individual, issue, or organisation, as well as in quality of life research to measure individuals' subjective health status. It typically uses a rating scale with options ranging from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 100. Questions using the feeling thermometer have been included in every year of the American National Election Studies since 1968.
James N. Druckman is an American political scientist.
Mirta Galesic is a Croatian American psychologist who is the Cowan Chair in Human Social Dynamics at the Santa Fe Institute. She serves as a member of the faculty at the Complexity Science Hub Vienna.
References
- ↑ Berinsky, Adam (May 25, 2011). "Poll Shows False Obama Beliefs a Function of Partisanship". Huffington Post.
- ↑ "Adam J. Berinsky" . Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- ↑ Bennett, Stephen Earl (2005). "Reviewed work: Silent Voices: Public Opinion and Political Participation in America, Adam J. Berinsky". The Public Opinion Quarterly. 69 (3): 463–467. doi:10.1093/poq/nfi035. JSTOR 3521551.
- ↑ "Silent Voices: Public Opinion and Political Participation in America" Bloch-Elkon, Yaeli. Political Science Quarterly 120. 3 (Fall 2005): 516-518.
- ↑ "Adam J. Berinsky (2004). Silent Voices. Public Opinion and Political Participation in America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 200 pp., ISBN 0-691-11587-7" Herbst, Susan. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 17. 2 (Summer 2005): 259-261.
- ↑ "Silent voices: opinion polls and political representation in America" Warber, A L Choice 42. 3 (Nov 2004): 563.
- ↑ Brewer, P. R. (2010). "Adam J. Berinsky. In Time of War: Understanding American Public Opinion from World War II to Iraq". Public Opinion Quarterly. 74: 197–199. doi:10.1093/poq/nfp099.
- ↑ "In Time of War: Understanding American Public Opinion from World War II to Iraq" Silver, Allan. Political Science Quarterly 125. 4 (Winter 2010/2011): 708-709.
- ↑ "Decision 2020--Hunter Journalists and Scholars discuss the US Presidential Election" . Retrieved September 13, 2020.
- ↑ "Adam J. Berinsky — CV" (PDF). Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- ↑ "Mitofsky Award & Dinner - Roper Center". Roper Center. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
- ↑ "US experts gird Finnish officials for information war". 22 January 2016.
