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Pashtuns, also known as Pakhtuns, or Pathans, are a nomadic,, pastoral, Eastern Iranian ethnic group primarily residing in southern and eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. They historically were also referred to as Afghans until the 1970s, after the term's meaning had become a demonym for members of all ethnic groups in Afghanistan.
Pashtunistan is a historical region located on the Iranian Plateau, inhabited by the indigenous Pashtun people of southern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan in South-Central Asia, wherein Pashtun culture, the Pashto language, and Pashtun identity have been based. Alternative names historically used for the region include Pashtūnkhwā (پښتونخوا), Pakhtūnistān, Pathānistān, or simply the Pashtun Belt. Pashtunistan borders the geographical regions of Turkestan to the north, Kashmir to the northeast, Punjab to the east, Balochistan to the south and Iran to the west.
Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani.
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A jirga is an assembly of leaders that makes decisions by consensus according to Pashtunwali, the Pashtun social code. It is conducted in order to settle disputes among the Pashtuns, but also by members of other ethnic groups who are influenced by them in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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Pashtun Americans are Americans who are of ethnic Pashtun origin, hailing from Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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Pathans in India are citizens or residents of India who are of ethnic Pashtun ancestry. "Pathan" is the local Hindi-Urdu term for an individual who belongs to the Pashtun ethnic group, or descends from it. The term additionally finds mention among Western sources, mainly in the colonial-era literature of British India. Historically, the term "Afghan" was also synonymous with the Pathans. The Pathans originate from the Pashtunistan region that straddles Afghanistan and North West Pakistan.
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References
- ↑ "Adam Khan and Durkhanai | PukhtunWomen". 2009-11-14. Archived from the original on 2009-11-14. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ The Bazaar of the storytellers (1986) Wilma Louise Heston, Mumtāz Naṣīr Lok Virsa Pub. House, Original from the University of Michigan
- ↑ Adam Khan Durkhanai | Palwashay | 15th-December-2020 | Mashriq TV , retrieved 2022-04-19