In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results. The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article.
In geometry, a geodesic is a curve representing in some sense the shortest path (arc) between two points in a surface, or more generally in a Riemannian manifold. The term also has meaning in any differentiable manifold with a connection. It is a generalization of the notion of a "straight line".
In mathematics, affine geometry is what remains of Euclidean geometry when ignoring the metric notions of distance and angle.
In mathematics, torsion-free may refer to:
Affine may describe any of various topics concerned with connections or affinities.
It may refer to:
In algebraic geometry, a toric variety or torus embedding is an algebraic variety containing an algebraic torus as an open dense subset, such that the action of the torus on itself extends to the whole variety. Some authors also require it to be normal. Toric varieties form an important and rich class of examples in algebraic geometry, which often provide a testing ground for theorems. The geometry of a toric variety is fully determined by the combinatorics of its associated fan, which often makes computations far more tractable. For a certain special, but still quite general class of toric varieties, this information is also encoded in a polytope, which creates a powerful connection of the subject with convex geometry. Familiar examples of toric varieties are affine space, projective spaces, products of projective spaces and bundles over projective space.
A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base to a point called the apex or vertex.
In mathematics, the affine hull or affine span of a set S in Euclidean space Rn is the smallest affine set containing S, or equivalently, the intersection of all affine sets containing S. Here, an affine set may be defined as the translation of a vector subspace.
In linear algebra, a cone—sometimes called a linear cone for distinguishing it from other sorts of cones—is a subset of a vector space that is closed under positive scalar multiplication; that is, C is a cone if implies for every positive scalar s. A cone need not be convex, or even look like a cone in Euclidean space.
In differential geometry, the term curvature tensor may refer to:
Conic optimization is a subfield of convex optimization that studies problems consisting of minimizing a convex function over the intersection of an affine subspace and a convex cone.
Affine algebra may refer to:
In differential geometry, the exponential map is a generalization of the ordinary exponential function of mathematical analysis. Important special cases include:
A complex space is a mathematical space based upon complex numbers. Types of complex space include:
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