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Kurmi is traditionally a non-elite tiller caste in the lower Gangetic plain of India, especially southern regions of Awadh, eastern Uttar Pradesh and parts of Bihar. The Kurmis came to be known for their exceptional work ethic, superior tillage and manuring, and gender-neutral culture, bringing praise from Mughal and British administrators alike.
Sanskritisation is a term in sociology which refers to the process by which castes or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek 'upward' mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the dominant castes or upper castes. It is a process similar to "passing" in sociological terms. This term was made popular by Indian sociologist M. N. Srinivas in the 1950s.
The Abhira kingdom in the Mahabharata is either of two kingdoms near the Sarasvati river. They were dominated by the Abhiras, sometimes referred to as Surabhira also, combining both Sura and Abhira kingdoms. Modern day Abhira territory lies within Northern areas of Gujarat and Southern Rajasthan, India. King Sivadatta was probably the founder of the Abhira kingdom.
Ahir or Aheer are a community of traditionally non-elite pastoralists in India, most members of which identify as being of the Indian Yadav community because they consider the two terms to be synonymous. The Ahirs are variously described as a caste, a clan, a community, a race and a tribe.
Kushwaha is a community of the Indo-Gangetic Plain which has traditionally been involved in agriculture. The term has been used to represent different subcastes, being those of the Kachhis, Koeris and Muraos. Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Kushwahas are classified as a "Backward" or "Other Backward class". From the 20th century onwards, they began to claim descent from the Suryavansh (Solar) dynasty via Kusha, who was one of the twin sons of Rama and Sita. Previously, they had worshipped Shiva and Shakta.
Yadav refers to a grouping of traditionally non-elite, peasant-pastoral communities or castes in India that since the 19th and 20th centuries have claimed descent from the mythological king Yadu as a part of a movement of social and political resurgence. The term Yadav now covers many traditional peasant-pastoral castes such as Ahirs of the Hindi belt and the Gavli of Maharashtra.
Raja Rao Birender Singh was a King of erstwhile state of Haryana and an Indian politician. He served first as a minister in the state government of Punjab and then as Chief Minister of Haryana from 24 March 1967 - 2 November 1967, and also served as a minister in Punjab state, Haryana state and the Union cabinet. He also served as the second speaker of Haryana state assembly in 1967. He coined an Indian political vocabulary Aya Ram, Gaya Ram to describe the practice of frequently floor-crossing by legislature.
The Sadgop sub-caste is a Bengali Hindu Yadav caste, found in West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand and parts of Bihar state in India. Traditionally they are engaged in dairy-farming and cultivation. However, historically Sadgop kings had ruled some parts of Bengal such as Gopbhum, Narajole, Narayangarh and Balarampur. They are one of the fourteen castes belonging to 'Nabasakh' group. They are recognized as a General caste.
The Ahir is a Hindu caste amongst large set of pastoral communities using Yadav word since late 19th century to early 20th century as part of Sanskritisation process. The Ahir clans are spread almost all over country.
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Aphariya (Aphrya) also spelt as Affariya, Afariya or Phariya) is a clan of Yaduvanshi Aheer or Yadava. Aphariyas ruled the Ahirwal state of Haryana.
Gopa or Gop or Gope is a synonym of the Yadav (Ahir) caste. It is generally used as a title by the Ahir caste in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal of East India and even in Terai region of Nepal.
The Koeri and also referred to as Kushwaha and Maurya in several parts of North India are an Indian non-elite caste, found largely in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, whose traditional occupation was agriculture. According to Arvind Narayan Das they were horticulturist rather than agriculturists. Additionally, many of the Koeris of Uttar Pradesh have taken to the occupation of weaving along with members of the Mallah caste and produce cloth for local use. Koeris have attempted Sanskritisation— as part of social resurgence.
TheAll India Kurmi Kshatriya Mahasabha (AIKKM) is an organisation that was established in 1894 to promote the interests of the Kurmi community.
Vithal Krishnaji Khedkar was an Indian social reformer, one of the founders of the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay, and the author of a book later published as The Divine Heritage of the Yadavas, which was one of the earliest attempts to create a historical narrative for the Yadav caste of cowherds. His work made the case for a Yadav-Ahir narrative of descent from the god Krishna through royal dynasties. Khedkar's book was revised in 1924 by his son, the surgeon Raghunath Vithal Khedkar, and published in Allahabad in 1959.
The Golla, also spelt as Goalas are a Telugu-speaking pastoral community primarily living in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana with smaller numbers in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. This caste is called by separate names in different regions, namely Gulla, Gullar, Gollewar, Gavali and Dhangar. They are classified as a Backward Caste.
AJGAR was a suggested alliance of the Ahir, Jat, Gurjar and Rajput castes. It was first proposed by Sir Chhotu Ram, a rural leader and politician in pre-independence India as a form of peasant-alliance.
The All India Yadav Mahasabha is a caste-based community organisation established on 17 April 1924 to serve a broad body of Indian social groups collectively known as the Yadav caste.
Akhil Bharatiya Kshatriya Mahasabha also known as All India Kshatriya Mahasabha was founded in the year 1897 It was formed to promote, protect and fight for rights and interests of Kshatriya community of the Indian society.
Raja Rash Bihari Lal Mandal (1866-1918) was a zamindar, philanthropist and a leader of Indian Independence Movement. He wrote a book named 'Bharat Mata Ka Sandesh' during Bang Bhang movement.
References
- ↑ Rao, M. S. A. (1987). Social Movements and Social Transformation: India . Manohar.
He was also a member of the Punjab Assembly, and took the lead in establishing the Ahir Yadav Kshatriya Mahasabha at Rewari in 1910. Thus, the leadership, in collective mobilisation of the Ahirs, came from the royal family
- ↑ Christophe Jaffrelot (2003). India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India. C. Hurst & Co. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-85065-670-8.