The economy of Yemen has significantly weakened since the breakout of the Yemeni Civil War and the humanitarian crisis, which has caused instability, escalating hostilities, and flooding in the region. At the time of unification, South Yemen and North Yemen had vastly different but equally struggling underdeveloped economic systems. Since unification, the economy has been forced to sustain the consequences of Yemen's support for Iraq during the 1990–91 Persian Gulf War: Saudi Arabia expelled almost 1 million Yemeni workers, and both Saudi Arabia and Kuwait significantly reduced economic aid to Yemen. The 1994 civil war further drained Yemen's economy. As a consequence, Yemen has relied heavily on aid from multilateral agencies to sustain its economy for the past 24 years. In return, it has pledged to implement significant economic reforms. In 1997 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved two programs to increase Yemen's credit significantly: the enhanced structural adjustment facility and the extended funding facility (EFF). In the ensuing years, Yemen's government attempted to implement recommended reforms: reducing the civil service payroll, eliminating diesel and other subsidies, lowering defense spending, introducing a general sales tax, and privatizing state-run industries. However, limited progress led the IMF to suspend funding between 1999 and 2001.
Abdul Karim Abdullah al-Arashi, was a Yemeni politician who served as the interim President of the Yemen Arab Republic briefly from 24 June to 18 July 1978. He was preceded by Ahmed Al-Ghashmi and succeeded by Ali Abdullah Saleh. He also served as Vice President of Yemen Arab Republic, from 1978 to 1990, and the Speaker of the Constituent People's Assembly (Parliament) from 1978 to 1988, and the president of the Shura Council from 1988 to 1990.
Mohsin Ahmad Alaini was a Yemeni politician who served as the prime minister of the Yemen Arab Republic five times between 1967 and 1975.
Hamoud Al-Jaifi was a Yemeni politician, diplomat and military officer. He served as Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic from 29 April 1964 to 6 January 1965, under President Abdullah as-Sallal.
The Bank of Israel is the central bank of Israel. The bank's headquarters is located in Kiryat HaMemshala in Jerusalem with a branch office in Tel Aviv. The current governor is Amir Yaron.
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas is the central bank of the Philippines. It was established on January 3, 1949, and then re-established on July 3, 1993 pursuant to the provision of Republic Act 7653 or the New Central Bank Act of 1993 as amended by Republic Act 11211 or the New Central Bank Act of 2019. The principal author was Senator Franklin Drilon. It was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte.
Mahmoud Mohieldin, is an economist with more than 30 years of experience in international finance and development. He is the UN Climate Change High-Level Champion for Egypt. He is an Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund. He has been the United Nations Special Envoy on Financing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda since February 2020. He was the Minister of Investment of Egypt from 2004-2010, and most recently, served as the World Bank Group Senior Vice President for the 2030 Development Agenda, United Nations Relations and Partnerships. His roles at the World Bank also included Managing Director, responsible for Human Development, Sustainable Development, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management, Finance and Private Sector Development, and the World Bank Institute; World Bank President's Special Envoy on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the Post-2015 Development Agenda, and Financing for Development; and Corporate Secretary and Executive Secretary to the Development Committee of the World Bank Group's Board of Governors. Dr Mohieldin also served on several Boards of Directors in the Central Bank of Egypt and the corporate sector. He was a member of the Commission on Growth and Development and was selected for the Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum in 2005. His professional experience extends into the academic arena as a Professor of Economics and Finance at the Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University and as a visiting professor at several renowned Universities in Egypt, Korea, the UAE, the UK and the USA. He is a member of the International Advisory Board of Durham University Business School. He also holds leading positions in national, regional and international research centres and associations. He has authored numerous publications and articles in leading journals in the fields of economics, finance and development.
The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan is the central bank of Bhutan and is a member of the Asian Clearing Union. It is also the minting authority for the Bhutanese Ngultrum. The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan was established under the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Act of 1982. Subsequently, the Act of 1982 was amended by the Financial Institutions Act of 1992 and replaced in its entirety by the Royal Monetary Authority Act of 2010.
The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates is the state institution responsible for managing the currency, monetary policy, banking and insurance regulation in the United Arab Emirates.
The Central Bank of Yemen is the central bank of Yemen.
The Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) is a regional Arab organization, a working sub-organization of the Arab League. It was founded 1976, and has been operational since 1977.
Ungku Zeti Akhtar binti Ungku Abdul Aziz was the 7th Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia, Malaysia's central bank. She served as Governor from 2000 to 2016, and was the first woman in the position and at 16 years, the longest to hold the position. Zeti was one of the members of the Council of Eminent Persons (CEP) in Mahathir's second administration, a special advisory council advising the government on economic and financial matters during this transitional period.
Riad Toufic Salameh is a Lebanese economist. He previously served as governor of Lebanon's central bank, Banque du Liban, from April 1993 until July 2023. He was appointed Governor by decree, approved by the Council of Ministers for a renewable term of six years. He was reappointed for four consecutive terms; in 1999, 2005, 2011 and 2017. Riad Salameh left his position on 31 July 2023 upon the end of his term, and due to the Lebanese parliament’s failure in electing a new president and forming a new government capable of appointing a successor he was succeeded by his first deputy Wassim Mansouri in an acting capacity
Mohammed Ali Mohsen al-Ahwal (12 December 1950 – 13 December 2013) was a Yemeni banker and diplomat who headed the Central Bank of Yemen from 1985 to 1995, and held various other senior government positions. He was Ambassador to Saudi Arabia between 2005 and 2012. In March 2011 he publicly sided with the youth protesters who were demanding a change of government during the Yemeni Revolution.
Muhammad Sulaiman Al Jasser is a Saudi economist who is currently the Chairman of the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) Group former advisor at the General Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia and Chairman of the General Authority for Competition. He served as Minister of Economy and Planning between 2011 and 2015. He also previously served as Governor and Board Chairman of the Saudi Arabian Central Bank (SAMA) between 2009 and 2011. Prior to that, he served as Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) between 1990 and 1995.
Amir Yaron is an Israeli-American economist and the current Governor of the Bank of Israel. Prior to serving as Governor, Yaron served as Professor of Banking and Finance at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
Dr. DeLisle Worrell is a former Governor of the Central Bank of Barbados. He served as Governor from November 2009 until March 2017. He has also served as executive director of the Caribbean Centre for Money and Finance (CCMF). Since June 2018, he is a member of the Financial Policy Council of the Bermuda Monetary Authority.
Ahmed Abd Al Rahman Al Moulami (2004-1917) was a Yemeni writer, born in Utmah, in the Dhamar Governorate, currently. He was a member of the Poetry Society of the Arab Writers Union in Syria, and a member of the Yemeni Writers Union. He received his first education in his village. He memorized the linguistic and jurisprudential text and then moved to Irian village, and learn from its scholars, then moved to Sana’a, where he attended the science and literature councils. He served as ambassador of Yemen to Egypt, then ambassador of Yemen to the State of Ethiopia. He was politically active in opposing hukm al'ayima and supported the revolutionaries, which exposed him to imprisonment twice for eight years and had to flee to Egypt for a period until the declaration of the establishment of the Republic of Yemen in 1962 and the outbreak of the North Yemen Civil War.
Muhammad Al-Ali is a Saudi poet and thinker. He is considered one of the pioneers of modernity writers and poets in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He was born in Al-Imran in Al-Ahsa in 1932 AD. He wrote a corner in Al-Youm newspaper, and published many books, most notably the Diwan, And a book.
Wassim Ahmad Manssouri is a Lebanese lawyer who is the Acting Governor of the Banque du Liban. He was appointed as First Vice-Governor by Decree No. 6475 on June 10, 2020. He assumed the role of Acting Governor under Article 25 of the Code of Money and Credit on August 1, 2023.
