The politics of Kyrgyzstan,officially known as the Kyrgyz Republic,takes place in the framework of a presidential system representative democratic republic,whereby the President is head of state and the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Kyrgyzstan an "authoritarian regime" in 2022.
Kyrgyzstan elects on the national level a head of state –the president –and a legislature. The president is elected for a tenure of single six-year term by the people. The Supreme Council is composed of 120 members filled by proportional representation.
Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 27 February and 13 March 2005. The belief that the elections had been rigged by the government led to widespread protests,culminating in the Tulip Revolution on 24 March in which President Askar Akayev was overthrown.
Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 7 April 2010 until 1 December 2011,becoming the first female Central Asian head of state. She was sworn in on 3 July 2010,after acting as interim leader following the 2010 April Revolution,which led to the ousting of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev. She previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and as head of the parliamentary caucus for the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan. She is also known for the persecution of human rights activist Azimzhan Askarov and the failed policy that led to the clashes of June 2010.
Omurbek Chirkeshovich Tekebayev is a Kyrgyz politician. He was Speaker of the Kyrgyz Parliament from March 2005 to March 2006. Tekebaev is the leader of the Ata-Meken socialist party. Currently,he serves as the ambassador of the Kyrgyz Republic to Germany.
The Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan,also known as the Jogorku Kengesh,is the unicameral parliament of Kyrgyzstan. Before Kyrgyzstan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991,it was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.
Early parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 October 2010. All 120 seats of the Supreme Council were elected by the party list system. Seats were allocated to all parties who obtained more than 5% of the vote overall and more than 0.5% in each of the nine provinces,capped at 65 seats per party.
Ata-Zhurt is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. Its political base is in the south of the country,but the party is headquartered in the capital,Bishkek. In 2014,it merged with the Respublika party to create Respublika–Ata Zhurt,but the two parties ended up splitting again four months before the parliamentary elections of 2020,in which Ata-Zhurt instead formed a joint list with Mekenim Kyrgyzstan. After the results of that vote were annulled,Ata-Zhurt contested the 2021 elections independently and came in first with 19% of the vote. The party is led by Kamchybek Tashiyev,and has previously supported the ousted former President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.
Respublika is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. The party was formed in June 2010. Founded by Ömürbek Babanov,he served as its chairman until 2014,and during this time the party had a pro-Russia orientation. In 2014,the party merged with Ata-Zhurt to create Respublika–Ata Zhurt. However,the two parties ended up splitting back in 2020.
Zhantoro Zholdoshevich Satybaldiyev is a Kyrgyz politician who was Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from September 2012 until March 2014.
Respublika–Ata Zhurt was a Kyrgyz political party that was created after the merger of the Respublika and Ata-Zhurt parties in 2014. However,the two parties ended up splitting apart again in 2020.
United Kyrgyzstan is a nationalist political party in Kyrgyzstan founded in 2010. It is generally more popular in the south of the country. The party is led by Adakhan Madumarov,who unsuccessfully ran for president of Kyrgyzstan in 2011 and 2017,coming second and third,respectively. It holds an ethnic nationalist ideology and supports a presidential system of government. The party was originally created to support Kyrgyz migrant laborers in Russia. The party won its first seats in the Supreme Council in the October 2020 parliamentary election,which was subsequently annulled. The party passed the 3% threshold in the 2021 parliamentary election and therefore is represented in the national legislature.
Aybek Altynbekov is a Kyrgyz politician,and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.
Anvar Artykovich Artykov is a Kyrgyz politician,and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan. Artykov served as governor of Osh Region between March and December 2005,and was previously a deputy between 1990 and 2000.
Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 4 October 2020. The results showed that pro-government parties had won a supermajority of seats. The election was subsequently annulled by the Central Election Commission during the 2020 Kyrgyzstan protests.
Birimdik officially the Party of Democratic Socialism—Eurasian Choice "Birimdik" is a pro-Jeenbekov political party in Kyrgyzstan,founded in 2005 as the Birimdik Democratic Party. On May 8,2013 it was registered with the current name. The party includes many former officials and deputies.
Sadyr Nurgojo uulu Japarov is a Kyrgyz politician who has been serving as the president of Kyrgyzstan since 28 January 2021. He previously held the post of acting prime minister of Kyrgyzstan in the 2020 interim government,following the resignation of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov. Japarov also became acting president of Kyrgyzstan after Jeenbekov's resignation,but resigned himself on 14 November 2020 to run for the 2021 presidential election,in which he was elected to succeed the acting president,Talant Mamytov.
Mekenchil,officially the "Patriotic" Political Party is a national-conservative political party in Kyrgyzstan,which was founded in 2010.
Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan is a Kyrgyz political party running in the 2021 parliamentary election. The party is not affiliated with the Ata-Zhurt party,and is linked with President Japarov and the Mekenchil party.
Nurlanbek Turgunbekovich Shakiev is a Kyrgyz politician. He is a member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan and a deputy from the Ata-Zhurt Kyrgyzstan faction.
