Al-Sindi ibn Shahak

1. Pellat, Ch (2012-04-24), "Ibrāhīm b. al-Sindī" , Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Brill, doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_3444 , retrieved 2023-11-30
2. Ess 2017, p.102: Al-Sindī was the Abbasids’ confidant, apparently a former slaver from Punjab who had risen to high status..
3. Crone 1980, p. 194.
4. Cobb 2001, p. 33, 85.
5. Crone 1980, p. 195.
6. Cobb 2001, p. 137.
7. al-Jawzī, Abū al-Faraj ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʻAlī Ibn (2016-10-04). The Life of Ibn Ḥanbal. NYU Press. p. 16. ISBN   978-1-4798-0530-3.
8. al-Tabari 2015, p. 89.
9. Kohlberg 2012.
10. Madelung 2002, p. 243.
11. Ess 2017, p. 102.
12. Ess 2017, p. 101–102.
13. Kennedy 2016, p. 128.
14. MacLean 1989, p. 281.
15. Ess 2017, p. 71.
16. MacLean 1989, p. 407.
17. "On a Miswak by Kushajim – Y'alla". University Blog Service.
18. Pellat, Ch (2012-04-24), "Kus̲h̲ād̲j̲im" , Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Brill, doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_4561 , retrieved 2023-11-30

Sources

• Crone, Patricia (1980). Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-52940-2.
• Madelung, W. (2002). "Yaḥyā b. ʿAbd Allāh" . In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XI: W–Z. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 242–243. ISBN   978-90-04-12756-2.
• al-Tabari (2015). The History of al-Ṭabarī Vol. 28: 'Abbasid Authority Affirmed: The Early Years of al-Manṣūr A.D. 753-763/A.H. 136-145. State University of New York Press. ISBN   978-1-4384-1232-0.
• Ṭabarī (1988). The Early ʻAbbāsī Empire: The reign of Abū Jaʻfar al-Manṣūr, A.D. 754-775. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-32662-9.
• Cobb, Paul M. (2001). White Banners: Contention in ʿAbbasid Syria, 750-880. State University of New York Press. ISBN   978-0-7914-9109-6.
• MacLean, Derryl N. (1989). Religion and Society in Arab Sind. BRILL. ISBN   978-90-04-08551-0.
• Ess, Josef van (2017). Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra. Volume 3: A History of Religious Thought in Early Islam. BRILL. ISBN   978-90-04-35640-5.
• Kennedy, Hugh (2016). The Early Abbasid Caliphate: A Political History. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-317-35807-7.
• Kohlberg, E. (2012). "Mūsā Al-Kāẓim" . In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second ed.). Brill Reference Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5563. ISBN   9789004161214.

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Al-Sindi ibn Shahak
Abbasid Governor of Syria
In office 792–793