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The Progressive Socialist Party is a Lebanese political party. Its confessional base is in the Druze sect and its regional base is in Mount Lebanon Governorate, especially the Chouf District. Founded by Kamal Jumblatt in 1949, the party has been led by his son Walid since 1977.
Kamal Fouad Jumblatt was a Lebanese politician who founded the Progressive Socialist Party. He led the National Movement during the civil war against the Lebanese Front. He was a major ally of the Palestine Liberation Organization until his assassination in 1977. He has authored more than 40 books centered on various political, philosophical, literary, religious, medical, social, and economic topics. In September 1972, Kamal Jumblatt received the International Lenin Peace Prize. He is the father of the Lebanese Druze leader Walid Jumblatt and the son-in-law of the Arab writer and politician Shakib Arslan.
Walid Kamal Jumblatt is a Lebanese Druze politician and former militia commander who has been leading the Progressive Socialist Party since 1977. While leading the Lebanese National Resistance Front and allying with the Amal Movement during the Lebanese Civil War, he worked closely with Suleiman Frangieh to oppose Amine Gemayel's rule as president in 1983. After the civil war, he initially supported Syria but later led an anti-Assad stance during the start of the Syrian Civil War. He is still active in politics, most recently leading his party, the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) in the 2022 Lebanese general election.
The Jumblatt family, also transliterated as Joumblatt and Junblat) is a prominent Druze family based in the Chouf area of Mount Lebanon that has dominated Druze politics since the 18th century. The current head of the family is veteran politician Walid Jumblatt, the son and successor of Kamal Jumblatt, one of the most influential figures in modern Lebanese politics. Other members of the family have contributed to cultural, economic and social life in Lebanon. Khaled Jumblatt, a distant cousin of Walid Jumblatt, held the position of minister of economy and was a prominent politician in Lebanon for many years until his death in 1993. Besides the Chouf, the family owns mansions and villas within the distinguished Clemenceau area of Beirut and in the northwest area of Sidon.
The Lebanese National Movement (LNM) (Arabic: الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية, Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya) or Mouvement National Libanais (MNL) in French, was a front of Leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt, a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP). The Vice-President was Inaam Raad, leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim, leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon (CAOL).
The Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) is a communist party in Lebanon. It was founded in 1943 as a división of the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party into the Syrian Communist Party and the Lebanese Communist Party; but the división was only implemented in 1964.
The Toilers League (Arabic: رابطة الشغيلة, romanized: Rabitat al-Shaghila), also designated the Workers League or Ligue des Travailleurs (LT) in French, is a Lebanese left-wing political party founded in Lebanon at the late 1960s and currently led by former Chouf MP Zaher el-Khatib.
The Lebanese Druze are an ethnoreligious group constituting about 5.2 percent of the population of Lebanon. They follow the Druze faith, which is an esoteric Abrahamic religion originating from the Near East, and self identify as unitarians.
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, commonly known as the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Lebanon and officially the Lebanon Regional Branch, is a political party in Lebanon. It is the regional branch of the Damascus-based Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The leadership has been disputed since 2015; however, Fayez Shukr was the party leader from 2006 to 2015, when he succeeded Sayf al-Din Ghazi who in turn succeeded Assem Qanso.
Ghazi Aridi is a Lebanese politician who has held various cabinet portfolios. He was the minister of public works and transportation from 13 June 2011 to December 2013.
The People's Liberation Army – PLA or Armée de Libération Populaire (ALP) in French, also known as the Forces of the Martyr Kamal Jumblatt, was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), which fought in the Lebanese Civil War. The PSP and its militia were members of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) from 1975 to 1982.
Mohsin Ibrahim, kunya Abu Khaled, was a Lebanese politician. He was a prominent personality of the Lebanese and Arab left. Initially a Nasserist nationalist, he later turned to Marxism and became the leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon (OACL). As the head of OACL, he played key roles in the building of alliances during the Lebanese Civil War.
Nazek Abou Alwan Abed was a Lebanese educator, lecturer, and writer of journalistic and philosophical articles and books. She was born in Barouk into a Lebanese family and was best known for her books about enlightenment, humanity, ethics and society. Abed believed in a life of purpose, where peace and harmony should prevail over, and where a person's relationships are at the essence of their success and happiness. Nazek Abed was a living icon of "Leading by Example" whether in her professional or personal life. She was known for her great deal of wisdom and as a reference within her community.
Khalil Ahmad Khalil is a Lebanese intellectual, researcher, translator, prolific, and academic. He was born in 1942 in Sur, South Lebanon. He has many works in the fields of sociology in religion, politics, culture and philosophy, as well as a great number of translations, including Lalande's Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the glossary of philosophical terms. He is considered one of the most prominent Arab intellectuals of the 20th century, and a leading member of the Progressive Socialist Party. He joined the Party in 1968, and retired all organizational politics work after the assassination of Party leader Kamal Jumblatt. He received a prize for his published works and translations, which enriched the Arabic library, as well as his academic achievement in the Lebanese University.
Le Reveil was a French language daily newspaper which was headquartered in Beirut, Lebanon. The paper was launched by Amine Gemayel in 1977 and published the French translations of the news covered in Al Amal, an official organ of the Kataeb Party. Amine Gemayel employed Le Reveil to support his political views.
Nasib Al Matni (1910–1958) was a Lebanese journalist who was assassinated on 8 May 1958. He established several publications and edited various newspapers. His assassination triggered the events which led to a political crisis in Lebanon. The murder of Al Matni is one of the unsolved cases in Lebanon.
Anwar Habib al-Fatayri was an assassinated Lebanese politician and junior commander of the People's Liberation Army.
May Arslan (1928–2013) was a Lebanese Druze woman who was a member of the Arslan family, and her father was Shakib Arslan. She was the mother of Walid Jumblatt and the spouse of Kamal Jumblatt, founder and leader of the Progressive Socialist Party.
References
- 1 2 3 Rami Hassib Rayess (November 2018). The Lebanese National Movement (LNM) Political Reform Program: An Assessment (MA thesis). American University of Beirut. p. viii. hdl:10938/21567.
- ↑ "Timeline. Al Anba'". Kamal Jumblatt Digital Library. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- 1 2 3 "Newspaper publisher's car torched in intimidation attempt". Reporters Without Borders. 23 January 2008.
- ↑ "Lebanon: Newspaper director's car set on fire". Committee to Protect Journalists. 15 February 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ↑ Sarah El-Richani (2016). The Lebanese Media: Anatomy of a System in Perpetual Crisis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-137-60183-4.
- ↑ "The Latest: First death reported in Lebanon's protests". Associated Press . Beirut. 13 November 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ↑ Rabah Makram Rabah (2020). Conflict on Mount Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 381. ISBN 978-1-4744-7420-7.
- ↑ "Jumblatt to Al Anbaa: To Start War against Corruption in all Institutions". National News Agency. 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- 1 2 Jens Hanssen; Hicham Safieddine (Spring 2016). "Lebanon's al-Akhbar and Radical Press Culture: Toward an Intellectual History of the Contemporary Arab Left". The Arab Studies Journal. 24 (1): 201. JSTOR 44746852.
- ↑ J. L. (April 1953). "Peaceful Change in the Lebanon: The 'Rose-Water' Revolution". The World Today . 9 (4): 164. JSTOR 40392618.
- ↑ Lianne P. Elise Wood-Vostermans (2020). Debating 'Religious Violence' in Lebanon: A Comparative Perspective on the Mobilisation of Religious and Secular Militias during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) (PhD thesis). Durham University.