Albertas Gurskas (born January 20, 1935) is a Lithuanian calligrapher, graphic artist, and professor, founder of the Lithuanian School of Calligraphy. [1] He is a notable designer of coins in Lithuania. [2] [3] [1]
Albertas Gurskas (born January 20, 1935) is a Lithuanian calligrapher, graphic artist, and professor, founder of the Lithuanian School of Calligraphy. [1] He is a notable designer of coins in Lithuania. [2] [3] [1]
Gurskas was born in the village of Gintarai, in Ukmergė District Municipality, Vilnius County. [4] [5] He was trained in the graphic arts under the likes of Antanas Kučas, Jonas Kuzminskis, Juozas Galkus, Leonas Lagauskas and P. Aleksandravičius. [5]
From 1966 to 1969, he worked at the National Land Survey Design Institute as an engineer-artist. [1] Between 1969 and 2003 he has worked at the Graphics Department of the Vilnius Academy of Arts, and was professor from 1993. [1] Since 1989 he has been involved with the Bank of Lithuania's design and manufacturing expert commission and designing some 40 commemorative coins. [1] He is also a designer of logotypes, posters, postcards, and books in Lithuania. [5] In 2006 he authored a book on calligraphy, Basics of calligraphy and script.
Gurskas has been a member of the Lithuanian–Czech Society since its inception in 1993, and since 2013 has been Chairman of the Society. He has been a member of the Lithuanian Artists' Association since 1970. [1] Gurskas is also a member of the National Heraldry Committee. [4]
The national flag of Lithuania consists of a horizontal tricolour of yellow, green, and red. It was adopted on 25 April 1918 during Lithuania's first period of independence from 1918 to 1940, which ceased with the occupation first by the Soviet Union, and then by Nazi Germany (1941–1944). During the post-World War II Soviet occupation, from 1945 until 1989, the Soviet Lithuanian flag consisted first of a generic red Soviet flag with the name of the republic, then changed to the red flag with white and green bands at the bottom.
The coat of arms of Lithuania is a mounted armoured knight holding a sword and shield, known as Vytis. Since the early 15th century, it has been Lithuania's official coat of arms and is one of the oldest European coats of arms. It is also known by other names in various languages, such as Waykimas, Pagaunė in the Lithuanian language or as Pogonia, Pogoń, Пагоня in the Polish, and Belarusian languages. Vytis is translatable as Chase, Pursuer, Knight or Horseman, similar to the Slavic vityaz. Historically – raitas senovės karžygys or in heraldry – raitas valdovas.
The Columns of Gediminas or Pillars of Gediminas are one of the earliest symbols of Lithuania and its historical coats of arms. They were used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, initially as a rulers' personal insignia, a state symbol, and later as a part of heraldic signs of leading aristocracy.
The Lithuanian Riflemen's Union, also referred to as Šauliai, is a paramilitary non-profit organisation supported by the Government of Lithuania. Their activities are in three main areas: military training, sport, and culture.
The January Events were a series of violent confrontations between the civilian population of Lithuania, supporting independence, and the Soviet Armed Forces. The events took place between 11 and 13 January 1991, after the restoration of independence by Lithuania. As a result of the Soviet military actions, 14 civilians were killed and over 140 were injured. 13 January, sometimes referred to as Bloody Sunday, was the most violent day. The events were primarily centered in the capital city Vilnius, but Soviet military activity and confrontations occurred elsewhere in the country, including Alytus, Šiauliai, Varėna and Kaunas.
The Act of Independence of Lithuania or the Act of February 16, also the Lithuanian Resolution on Independence, was signed by the Council of Lithuania on February 16, 1918, proclaiming the restoration of an independent State of Lithuania, governed by democratic principles, with Vilnius as its capital. The Act was signed by all twenty representatives of the Council, which was chaired by Jonas Basanavičius. The Act of February 16 was the result of a series of resolutions on the issue, including one issued by the Vilnius Conference and the Act of January 8. The path to the Act was long and complex because the German Empire exerted pressure on the Council to form an alliance. The Council had to carefully maneuver between the Germans, whose troops were present in Lithuania, and the demands of the Lithuanian people.
Antanas Žmuidzinavičius was a Lithuanian painter and art collector.
Virgilijus Juozas Čepaitis is a Lithuanian publisher and translator, best known for his involvement in the Sąjūdis independence movement. He was the Executive Secretary of Sąjūdis and a member of its Initiative Group. He was also a signatory of the Declaration of the Restoration of Independence of Lithuania on 11 March 1990.
Robertas Antinis is a Lithuanian Sculptor, performance artist and poet. He is a winner of the National Culture and Art Prize.
Irena Trečiokaitė-Žebenkienė was a Soviet and Lithuanian painter.
Raminta Elena Kuprevičienė is a Lithuanian paper restorer.
Saulius Šaltenis is a Lithuanian writer, newspaper editor, and politician. In 1990, he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He served as the Minister of Culture from 1996 to 1999 in the Government of Gediminas Vagnorius
Petras Rimša was one of the first professional Lithuanian sculptors and medalists.
Kazys Morkūnas was a Lithuanian stained glass artist. He is considered a master of the form.
John of the Lithuanian Dukes was Bishop of Vilnius (1519–36) and of Bishop of Poznań (1536–38). He was the bishop when Protestantism was making the first inroads into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and took the first steps in combating it. John was an illegitimate son of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his mistress Katarzyna Telniczanka.
Pranas Vaičaitis was a Lithuanian poet. After graduation from the Marijampolė Gymnasium, he studied law at the Saint Petersburg University. Due to the violations of the Lithuanian press ban, he was imprisoned for a month in 1899 and could not find a jurist job.
Lithuanian design comprises interior, fashion, industrial and graphic design. The appearance of design usually being related to the industrial revolution. In Lithuania, the state restitution in 1918, National Revival and the rapid growth of Kaunas city were the most important factors. Lithuanian design was influenced by Bauhaus, Lithuanian national patterns and ethnographic elements. Most prominent examples of Lithuanian design are chairs by Jonas Prapuolenis, interiors of buildings in Kaunas in the interbellum period, vacuum cleaner Saturnas.
Žygimantas Pavilionis is a Lithuanian politician, Member of the Seimas, former Lithuanian diplomat. From August 2010 to July 2015, he served as the Lithuania's Ambassador to United States and Mexico (2011).
Vytautas Bulvičius was a Lithuanian military officer, major of the General Staff, and leader of the anti-Soviet Lithuanian Activist Front (LAF).
Juozas Kudirka was a Lithuanian ethnologist, habilitated doctor of sciences in humanities.
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