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Alberto Flores Galindo (Bellavista, Callao, May 28, 1949 - Lima, March 26, 1990) was a Peruvian historian, social scientist, and essay writer. He was the founder of the socialist Centro de Investigacion Casa SUR.
Alberto Flores Galindo was born in Lima to a middle-class family. He spent his school years studying in the Lima private religious school Colegio La Salle. Later, he studied History at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. [1] At age 22 he had already concluded his thesis on miners from Cerro de Pasco, which was graded as "outstanding." This thesis was later published by the university in the form of a book.
As a result of his studies, he obtained a scholarship from the École des hautes études en sciences sociales of Paris. Upon returning to Peru he dedicated his time to university research at the Universidad Católica, and also spent time as a reporter for newspapers and magazines. During the 1980s he founded SUR, the Casa de Estudios del Socialismo (House of Socialist Studies), and made it both an editorial house and a center of intellectual discussions. Moreover, he also founded the magazine Margenes and published it through SUR.
He was a prolific historian and one of the most influent Peruvian leftist intellectuals of the 1980s. Flores Galindo constantly promoted various debates about Marxism through intellectual thought (La Agonia de Mariategui, 1980) and social history (Aristocracia y Plebe, 1984). In this last book he was inspired by the works of E.P. Thompson, an English Marxist historian. With this influence, he was able to analyze and understand Peruvian colonial society in terms of class, understanding class -much like Thompson- not as a thing in itself but as a set of relationships. Other major influences in his works came from Frantz Fanon, the French historians from the Annales School, and the Peruvians Jose Carlos Mariategui, Jose Maria Arguedas, and Jorge Basadre.
The collection of essays entitled Buscando un Inca: Indentidad y Utopia en los Andes (Searching for an Inca: Identity and Utopia in the Andes), originally published in 1986, obtained the Premio Ensayo de Casa de las Americas in Cuba. With the book, Flores Galindo sought to formulate a link between socialist thought and Andean traditions. He was the first historian to write about racism in Peru through the 1988 version of Buscando un Inca in the chapter entitled República sin Ciudadanos (Republic without Citizens). [2]
The history of Peru spans 15 millennia, extending back through several stages of cultural development along the country's desert coastline and in the Andes mountains. Peru's coast was home to the Norte Chico civilization, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the six cradles of civilization in the world. When the Spanish arrived in the sixteenth century, Peru was the homeland of the highland Inca Empire, the largest and most advanced state in pre-Columbian America. After the conquest of the Incas, the Spanish Empire established a Viceroyalty with jurisdiction over most of its South American domains. Peru declared independence from Spain in 1821, but achieved independence only after the Battle of Ayacucho three years later.
Cerro de Pasco is a city in central Peru, located at the top of the Andean Mountains. It is the capital of both the Pasco Province and the Department of Pasco, and an important mining center of silver, copper, zinc and lead. At an elevation of 4,330 metres (14,210 ft), it is one of the highest cities in the world, and with a population of 58,899, it is the highest or the second highest city with over 50,000 inhabitants. The elevation reaches up to 4,380 metres or 14,370 feet in the Yanacancha area. The city has a very intense cold climate and it is connected by road and by rail to the capital Lima, 300 kilometres or 190 miles away. Its urban area is formed by the districts of Chaupimarca, Yanacancha and Simón Bolívar.
Moquegua is a city in southern Peru, located in the Department of Moquegua, of which it is the capital. It is also capital of Mariscal Nieto Province and Moquegua District. It is located 1144 kilometers south of the capital city of Lima.
José Carlos Mariátegui La Chira was a Peruvian writer, journalist, politician and Marxist philosopher.
Revolutionary Union was a fascist political party in Peru that lasted from 1931 to 1945.
The term Peruvian literature not only refers to literature produced in the independent Republic of Peru, but also to literature produced in the Viceroyalty of Peru during the country's colonial period, and to oral artistic forms created by diverse ethnic groups that existed in the area during the prehispanic period, such as the Quechua, the Aymara and the Chanka South American native groups.
Willem F. H. Adelaar is a Dutch linguist specializing in Native American languages, specially those of the Andes. He is a Professor of Indigenous American Linguistics and Cultures at Leiden University.
José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, 6th Marquess of Montealegre de Aulestia and 5th of Casa-Dávila was a Peruvian historian, writer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Peru, Minister of Justice and Mayor of Lima. His political beliefs changed during his life, evolving from liberalism at his youth to a staunch conservatism rooted in Christianity. In the Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, he was listed as one of the leading figures of the far right in Peru.
José Antonio Mazzotti is a Peruvian poet, scholar, and literary activist. He is Professor of Latin American Literature and King Felipe VI of Spain Professor of Spanish Culture and Civilization in the Department of Romance Studies at Tufts University, President of the International Association of Peruvianists since 1996, and Director of the Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana since 2010. He is considered an expert in Latin American colonial literature, especially in El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and the formation of criollo cultures, a critic of Latin American contemporary poetry, and a prominent member of the Peruvian 1980s literary generation. He received the José Lezama Lima special poetry prize from Casa de las Américas, Cuba, in 2018, for his collection El zorro y la luna. Poemas reunidos, 1981-2016.
Jorge Villacorta is a Peruvian art critic and independent curator, with a strong interest in contemporary visual arts. He is also the co-founder and academic director of Alta Tecnologia Andina.
Ichma, Ychma, Yschma, Ychsma, Ichmay, Irma, Izma, Ishmay or Ishma was a pre-Inca indigenous polity later absorbed by the Inca Empire and reorganized as a wanami (province). For the Inca it was known as Pachakamaq (Pachacamac), rather than its original name of Ishma.
Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality, published in 1928, is the most famous written work of the Peruvian socialist writer José Carlos Mariátegui and considered his magnum opus. It was published in Lima, in 1928, and is accredited to establishing its author as one of the most widespread Marxist voices in Latin America. It is a work that has been reissued dozens of times, in addition to being translated into Russian, French, English, Italian, Portuguese and Hungarian.
Charles "Chuck" Walker professor of Latin American history at University of California, Davis. He is the director of its Hemispheric Institute on the Americas and director of Global Centers for Latin America & The Caribbean. From 2015–2020 he held the MacArthur Foundation Endowed Chair in International Human Rights. His interests include Peru, natural disasters, social movements, subaltern politics, truth commissions, and sports and empire.
Héctor Béjar Rivera is a Peruvian author, university professor. He served as the minister of foreign affairs of Peru from 29 July 2021 until 17 August 2021.
Gonzalo Portocarrero was a Peruvian sociologist, social scientist and essayist.
Luis Eduardo Valcárcel Vizcarra was a Peruvian historian, anthropologist, writer and activist. He was a researcher of pre-Hispanic Peru and one of the protagonists of the Indigenismo movement. He is considered the father of Peruvian anthropology, and his work focused on two fundamental axes: the revaluation of the Inca Empire and the vindication of the Andean culture. He brought awareness to the continuity that links the peasant of the Andes with the man of the Tahuantinsuyu.
Teodomiro A. Gutiérrez Cuevas, also known by his pseudonym Rumi Maqui, was a Peruvian Army Major and Indigenous leader who led a rebellion in Puno in 1915. After his imprisonment, he escaped his prison in Arequipa in January 1917.
Luis Alberto Flores Medina was a Peruvian lawyer, politician and diplomat. He was the Supreme Chief of the Revolutionary Union, a fascist party modelled after its italian counterpart, after the assassination of the party's founder, Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro. He also served as a deputy for Lima and as Senator for Piura and Minister of Navy and Aviation, Government and Police and President of the Council of Ministers of Peru.
