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The Huilliche,Huiliche or Huilliche-Mapuche are the southern partiality of the Mapuche macroethnic group in Chile and Argentina. Located in the Zona Sur,they inhabit both Futahuillimapu and,as the Cunco or Veliche subgroup,the northern half of ChiloéIsland. The Huilliche are the principal indigenous people of those regions. According to Ricardo E. Latcham the term Huilliche started to be used in Spanish after the second founding of Valdivia in 1645,adopting the usage of the Mapuches of Araucanía for the southern Mapuche tribes. Huilliche means 'southerners' A genetic study showed significant affinities between Huilliches and indigenous peoples east of the Andes,which suggests but does not prove a partial origin in present-day Argentina.
University of the Frontier or UFRO is a public university in Temuco,Araucanía Region,Chile. It is a derivative university and part of the Chilean Traditional Universities. UFRO boasts a student body with a variety of abilities and from a variety of backgrounds,many of them are Mapuche descent.
Osorno Province is one of the four provinces in the southern Chilean region of Los Lagos (X). The province has an area of 9,223.7 km2 (3,561 sq mi) and a population of 221,496 distributed across seven communes. The provincial capital is the city of Osorno.
Osorno is a city and commune in southern Chile and capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region. It had a population of 145,475,as of the 2002 census. It is located 945 kilometres (587 mi) south of the national capital of Santiago,105 kilometres (65 mi) north of the regional capital of Puerto Montt and 260 kilometres (160 mi) west of the Argentine city of San Carlos de Bariloche,connected via International Route 215 through the Cardenal Antonio SamoréPass. It is a gateway for land access to the far south regions of Aysén and Magallanes,which would otherwise be accessible only by sea or air from the rest of the country.
The Bueno River is a river in southern Chile. It originates in Ranco Lake and like most of Chile rivers it drains into the Pacific Ocean at the southern boundary of the Valdivian Coastal Reserve. Its lower flow forms the border between Osorno Province and Ranco Province. Traditionally it marks also the northern boundary of the indigenous Huilliche territory known as Futahuillimapu. The river passes through Río Bueno commune and city that takes name from the river.
From 1850 to 1875,some 30,000 German immigrants settled in the region around Valdivia,Osorno and Llanquihue in Southern Chile as part of a state-led colonization scheme. Some of these immigrants had left Europe in the aftermath of the German revolutions of 1848–49. They brought skills and assets as artisans,farmers and merchants to Chile,contributing to the nascent country's economic and industrial development.
The Parliament of Las Canoas was a diplomatic meeting between Mapuche-Huilliches and Spanish authorities in 1793 held at the confluence of Rahue River and Damas River near what is today the city of Osorno. The parliament was summoned by the Royal Governor of Chile Ambrosio O'Higgins after the Spanish had suppressed an uprising by the Mapuche-Huilliches of Ranco and Río Bueno in 1792. The parliament is historically relevant since the treaty signed at the end of the meeting allowed the Spanish to reestablish the city of Osorno and secure the transit rights between Valdivia and the Spanish mainland settlements near ChiloéArchipelago. The indigenous signatories recognized the king of Spain as their sovereign but they kept considerable autonomy in the lands they did not ceded. The treaty is unique in that it was the first time Mapuches formally ceded territory to the Spanish.
Emilia Iris Nuyado Ancapichún is a Chilean politician of Mapuche-Huillliche descent. Since March 11,2018 she has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies representing the 25th district in the Los Lagos Region. She also became one of the first two Mapuche women elected to the Chilean Congress,together with her conservative counterpart Aracely Leuquén.
Futahuillimapu or Fütawillimapu is a traditional territory of the Huilliche people. Futahuillimapu spans the land between Bueno River and ReloncavíSound. Futahuillimapu means "great land of the south."
The Constitutional Convention was the constituent body of the Republic of Chile in charge of drafting a new Political Constitution of the Republic after the approval of the national plebiscite held in October 2020. Its creation and regulation were carried out through Law No. 21,200,published on 24 December 2019,which amended the Political Constitution of the Republic to include the process of drafting a new constitution. The body met for the first time on 4 July 2021. Chilean President Sebastian Piñera said,"This Constitutional Convention must,within a period of 9 months,extendable for an additional 3 months,draft and approve a new constitution for Chile,which must be ratified by the citizens through a plebiscite." It ended its functions and declared itself dissolved on 4 July 2022.
Francisca Linconao Huircapán,also known as Machi Linconao,is a machi and human rights activist in Chile. She became the first Indigenous rights defender in Chile to successfully invoke the 1989 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention when she sued to stop a company from logging a forest adjacent to her community. In 2021,she was elected as a representative of the Mapuche people to the Chilean Constitutional Convention election.
Elisa Loncón Antileo is a Mapuche linguist and indigenous rights activist in Chile. In 2021,Loncón was elected as one of the representatives of the Mapuche people for the Chilean Constitutional Convention. Following in the inauguration of the body,Loncón was elected President of the Constitutional Convention. This role,along with her academic career,has placed her at the center of public attention and controversy. In particular,her formal education became a subject of public scrutiny when the Council for Transparency (CPLT) demanded the release of her academic records,igniting a debate about the intersection of race,class,and public transparency in Chile.
The prisoners of the 2019–2021 Chilean protests,dubbed by some groups as Prisoners of the Revolt,are people who have been held in custody in the context of the social unrest in Chile whose circumstances of detention have been subject of severe criticism including the claim they are political prisoners. A movement supported by representatives of the Congress of Chile and the Constitutional Convention calls for their release. The Government of Chile and Human Rights Watch reject the notion there would be political prisoners in Chile.
Natividad Llanquileo Pilquimán is a Mapuche lawyer and human rights activist. Llanquileo was noted for her role as a spokesperson during the 2010 Mapuche hunger strike. She was a member of the Constitutional Convention during its existence from 2021 to 2022.
Isabel Selena Godoy Monárdez is a Qulla activist and politician in Chile. A former political prisoner during the Chilean military dictatorship,Godoy was elected in 2021 to represent the Qulla people at the Constitutional Convention.
Teresa Margarita Natalia Marinovic Vial is a Chilean,columnist and politician of conservative-libertarian ideology who serves as member of the Constitutional Convention. She is known for her outspoken personality and confrontational approach to politics.
Rosa Catrileo Arias is a Mapuche lawyer and politician who serves as a member of the Chilean Constitutional Convention. As an attorney,she has primarily focused on protecting indigenous land rights in the Mapuche conflict.
Victorino Ernesto Antilef Ñanco is a Mapuche educator and politician in Chile. In 2021,Antilef was elected to the Chilean Constitutional Convention to represent the Mapuche people,who are entitled to seven reserved seats on the newly formed body.
Rodrigo Ernesto Rojas Vade is a Chilean former political activist who was elected in 2021 as a member of the Chilean Constitutional Convention. He became an icon of the 2019 Chilean protests falsely claiming to have leukaemia and alleging to be a victim of the healthcare system and using a discourse against high medical costs in Chile. Later it was revealed that he actually had syphilis.
Harry Jürgensen is a Chilean lawyer who is member of the Chilean Constitutional Convention. He served as Intendant of Los Lagos Region.
References
- ↑ "Alexis Reinaldo Caiguan Ancapan". Chile Constituyente (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-07-17. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ↑ "Ley de Paridad de Género deja fuera a Carmen Jaramillo y en su remplazo asume Alexis Caiguan - La Mega FM 90.3" (in Spanish). 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ↑ "Alexis Caiguan Ancapan – Anales de la República" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ↑ "Especialistas en medicina mapuche atenderán gratis este sábado en Cesfam de Osorno". BioBioChile - La Red de Prensa Más Grande de Chile (in Spanish). 2012-11-10. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ↑ "Los principales desafíos de los y las constituyentes mapuche". CIPER Chile (in Spanish). 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ↑ "Músico Mapuche-huilliche será uno de los constituyentes por los escaños reservados en Los Lagos". Vértice TV (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ↑ "Quien era Pablo Marchant, el weichafe de la CAM asesinado en un fundo de Mininco este viernes". Interferencia (in Spanish). 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ↑ "Declaración Publica ante asesinato de joven mapuche Pablo Marchant" . Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ↑ "Mapuche constituents propose Elisa Loncón as president of the Convention". El Mostrador.
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