Otorhinolaryngology is a surgical subspeciality within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians. Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face and neck.
Pepsin is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It is produced in the gastric chief cells of the stomach lining and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems of humans and many other animals, where it helps digest the proteins in food. Pepsin is an aspartic protease, using a catalytic aspartate in its active site.
Sir Morell Mackenzie was a British physician, one of the pioneers of laryngology in the United Kingdom.
The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) is a medical society in the United Kingdom, headquartered in London.
Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch is an English actor. Known for his work on screen and stage, he has received various accolades, including a British Academy Television Award, a Primetime Emmy Award and a Laurence Olivier Award. He has also been nominated for two Academy Awards, two British Academy Film Awards and four Golden Globe Awards. In 2014, Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world, and in 2015, he was appointed a CBE at Buckingham Palace for services to the performing arts and to charity.
The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital was a health facility on Gray's Inn Road in London. It closed in October 2019 when services transferred to the new Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals on Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DG. The Huntley Street hospital continues to provide specialist ENT, sleeps and allergy services and is part of University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
Julius Mount Bleyer was a New York doctor who specialized in laryngology who took a keen interest in medical jurisprudence. He studied the methods used for capital punishment and as a member of a commission, was among the first to propose lethal injections in 1888. He pointed out in The Medico-Legal Journal, the problems with other methods of executing death sentences including decapitation and electrocution. Lethal injections were however not used until the early 1980s.
Ernst Georg Ferdinand Küster was a German surgeon born in Wollin.
Sir Victor Ewings Negus, MS, FRCS was a British surgeon who specialised in laryngology and also made fundamental contributions to comparative anatomy with his work on the structure and evolution of the larynx. He was born and educated in London, studying at King's College School, then King's College London, followed by King's College Hospital. The final years of his medical training were interrupted by the First World War, during which he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps. After the war, he qualified as a surgeon and studied with laryngologists in France and the USA before resuming his career at King's College Hospital where he became a junior surgeon in 1924.
Arthur Henry Cheatle CBE was an English surgeon who made important contributions to understanding of the anatomy and diseases of the mastoid region.
Sir St Clair Thomson was a British surgeon and professor of laryngology.
Gerd Rasp is a German physician of otorhinolaryngology with the additional specialties of plastic surgery and allergology. He is a professor and chairman of the hospital for otorhinolaryngology and dean for research affairs af the Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg Austria. He is known for his work in the fields of rhinology and tympanic surgery.
Margaret Ruth Dix was a British neuro-otologist. With Charles Skinner Hallpike, she published important research on vertigo and described the Dix–Hallpike test.
Arthur Logan Turner FRCSEd FRSE LLD was a Scottish surgeon, who specialised in diseases of ear, nose and throat (ENT) and was one of the first surgeons to work at the purpose-built ENT Pavilion at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. During his surgical career he published a series of clinical papers and wrote a textbook of ENT surgery which proved popular around the world and ran to several editions. After retiring from surgical practice he pursued his interest in the history of medicine writing a biography of his father and histories of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh. As his father had been before him, he was elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. His collection of pathological specimens was donated to Surgeon's Hall Museum in Edinburgh..
Sir Felix Semon was a German-British pioneer in neurobiology and a prominent laryngologist in the United Kingdom. He is responsible for Semon's law.
Flordeliz "Gigi" Osler is a Canadian Senator, physician, and assistant professor at the University of Manitoba. She was the 2018–2019 President of the Canadian Medical Association.
James Dundas-Grant KBE, MD, FRCSEd, FRCS was a British ear, nose and throat surgeon. He was surgeon to a number of London hospitals and surgeon to several institutions. He was regarded as a prolific writer about a variety of topics within his speciality and devised a number of surgical instruments. In addition to his clinical practice he was president of several surgical speciality societies and was knighted in 1920.
Charles Eucharist de Medicis Sajous was an American endocrinologist, laryngologist, and writer based in Philadelphia. He was a prolific writer and editor of medical textbooks and encyclopedias, and was the first president of the Endocrine Society. He held professorships at the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University, and the Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia.
Muaaz Tarabichi is a Syrian otolaryngologist, lecturer, researcher, and author. He is recognized around the world as the father of endoscopic ear surgery. He is the co-founder of Tarabichi Stammberger Ear and Sinus Institute. He was elected as the chairman of the International Advisory Board of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.
Margaret F. Butler was an American physician who chaired the otorhinolaryngology department at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. In 1908, she was the first woman to preside over any international congress of physicians, as the only woman and only American in attendance. She was a fellow of the American College of Surgeons.
