Alfredo Ardila

Last updated

Alfredo Ardila (September 4, 1946 - January 9, 2021) was a Colombian neuropsychologist. He graduated as a psychologist from the National University of Colombia and received a doctoral degree in neuropsychology from the Moscow State University where he worked with Alexander R. Luria. He published in cognitive and behavioral neurosciences, especially in neuropsychology. [1] His research interests included brain organization of cognition, the historical origin of human cognition, aphasia, and bilingualism.

Ardila was President of the Latin American Association of Neuropsychology (ALAN), Latin American Society of Neuropsychology, Hispanic Neuropsychological Society, and member of the Board of Governors of the International Neuropsychological Society.

He received several academic awards, including the National Prize of Psychology (Colombia, 1980), Alejandro Angel Escobar Award Category Science (Colombia, 1997), Prize CNC in Latin American Neuroscience] (Spain, 2012)ref, and Honor Vygotsky Prize (Portugal, 2016).

He was a full Professor at the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , Florida International University (Miami). He was also Professor of Psychology at Albizu University in Miami, Florida, Honorary Professor at the School of Medicine, University of Chile, Honorary Member of the School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, and visiting professor at the Department of Psychology of the Moscow State University. Following his retirement from FIU, Ardila held academic positions at the Institute of Linguistics and Cross-Cultural Communication or the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, in Moscow, Russia, and in Albizu University, Miami. [2] Ardila died on January 9, 2021. Ardila should be considered as the father of Latin American neuropsychology and one of the most prominent neuropsychologists in its history.

Books

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aphasia</span> Inability to comprehend or formulate language

Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in the Global North. Aphasia can also be the result of brain tumors, brain infections, or neurodegenerative diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Language center</span> Speech processing in the brain

In neuroscience and psychology, the term language center refers collectively to the areas of the brain which serve a particular function for speech processing and production. Language is a core system, which gives humans the capacity to solve difficult problems and provides them with a unique type of social interaction. Language allows individuals to attribute symbols to specific concepts and display them through sentences and phrases that follow proper grammatical rules. Moreover, speech is the mechanism in which language is orally expressed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropsychology</span> Study of the brain related to specific psychological processes and behaviors

Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how a person's cognition and behavior are related to the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Professionals in this branch of psychology often focus on how injuries or illnesses of the brain affect cognitive and behavioral functions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropsychological test</span> Assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors and brain damage

Neuropsychological tests are specifically designed tasks that are used to measure a psychological function known to be linked to a particular brain structure or pathway. Tests are used for research into brain function and in a clinical setting for the diagnosis of deficits. They usually involve the systematic administration of clearly defined procedures in a formal environment. Neuropsychological tests are typically administered to a single person working with an examiner in a quiet office environment, free from distractions. As such, it can be argued that neuropsychological tests at times offer an estimate of a person's peak level of cognitive performance. Neuropsychological tests are a core component of the process of conducting neuropsychological assessment, along with personal, interpersonal and contextual factors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Luria</span> Russian neuropsychologist

Alexander Romanovich Luria was a Soviet neuropsychologist, often credited as a father of modern neuropsychology. He developed an extensive and original battery of neuropsychological tests during his clinical work with brain-injured victims of World War II, which are still used in various forms. He made an in-depth analysis of the functioning of various brain regions and integrative processes of the brain in general. Luria's magnum opus, Higher Cortical Functions in Man (1962), is a much-used psychological textbook which has been translated into many languages and which he supplemented with The Working Brain in 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brodmann area 47</span>

Brodmann area 47, or BA47, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. It curves from the lateral surface of the frontal lobe into the ventral (orbital) frontal cortex. It is below areas BA10 and BA45, and beside BA11. This cytoarchitectonic region most closely corresponds to the gyral region the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus, although these regions are not equivalent. Pars orbitalis is not based on cytoarchitectonic distinctions, and rather is defined according to gross anatomical landmarks. Despite a clear distinction, these two terms are often used liberally in peer-reviewed research journals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clinical neuropsychology</span> Sub-field of neuropsychology concerned with the applied science of brain-behaviour relationships

Clinical neuropsychology is a sub-field of psychology concerned with the applied science of brain-behaviour relationships. Clinical neuropsychologists use this knowledge in the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and or rehabilitation of patients across the lifespan with neurological, medical, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, as well as other cognitive and learning disorders. The branch of neuropsychology associated with children and young people is pediatric neuropsychology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuropsychological assessment</span> Testing to identify brain impairments, their severity & location

Neuropsychological assessment was traditionally carried out to assess the extent of impairment to a particular skill and to attempt to determine the area of the brain which may have been damaged following brain injury or neurological illness. With the advent of neuroimaging techniques, location of space-occupying lesions can now be more accurately determined through this method, so the focus has now moved on to the assessment of cognition and behaviour, including examining the effects of any brain injury or neuropathological process that a person may have experienced.

The language module or language faculty is a hypothetical structure in the human brain which is thought to contain innate capacities for language, originally posited by Noam Chomsky. There is ongoing research into brain modularity in the fields of cognitive science and neuroscience, although the current idea is much weaker than what was proposed by Chomsky and Jerry Fodor in the 1980s. In today's terminology, 'modularity' refers to specialisation: language processing is specialised in the brain to the extent that it occurs partially in different areas than other types of information processing such as visual input. The current view is, then, that language is neither compartmentalised nor based on general principles of processing. It is modular to the extent that it constitutes a specific cognitive skill or area in cognition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brodmann area 22</span>

Brodmann area 22 is a Brodmann's area that is cytoarchitecturally located in the posterior superior temporal gyrus of the brain. In the left cerebral hemisphere, it is one portion of Wernicke's area. The left hemisphere BA22 helps with generation and understanding of individual words. On the right side of the brain, BA22 helps to discriminate pitch and sound intensity, both of which are necessary to perceive melody and prosody. Wernicke's area is active in processing language and consists of the left Brodmann area 22 and Brodmann area 40, the supramarginal gyrus.

Acalculia is an acquired impairment in which people have difficulty performing simple mathematical tasks, such as adding, subtracting, multiplying and even simply stating which of two numbers is larger. Acalculia is distinguished from dyscalculia in that acalculia is acquired late in life due to neurological injury such as stroke, while dyscalculia is a specific developmental disorder first observed during the acquisition of mathematical knowledge. The name comes from the Greek "a" meaning "not" and Latin "calculare", which means "to count".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dissociation (neuropsychology)</span>

In neuropsychology, dissociation involves identifying the neural substrate of a particular brain function through identification of case studies, neuroimaging, or neuropsychological testing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lauro Zavala</span> Mexican scholar

Lauro Zavala is a scholarly researcher, known for his work on literary theory, semiotics and film, especially in relation to irony, metafiction and micro-narratives. Faculty professor since 1984 at Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, in Mexico City, where he is head of the area on Intertextual Semiotics.

Eleanor M. Saffran, an American neuroscientist, was a researcher in the field of Cognitive Neuropsychology. Her interest in Neuropsychology began at the Baltimore City hospitals of Johns Hopkins University, where her research unit focused on neurological patients with language or cognitive impairments. In papers published between 1976 and 1982, Dr. Saffran spelled out the methodological tenets of “cognitive neuropsychology” exemplified in her studies of aphasia, alexia, auditory verbal agnosia, and short-term memory impairment.

Pediatric neuropsychology is a sub-speciality within the field of clinical neuropsychology that studies the relationship between brain health and behaviour in children. Many pediatric neuropsychologists are involved in teaching, research, supervision, and training of undergraduate and graduate students in the field.

The Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) is a standardized test that identifies neuropsychological deficiencies by measuring functioning on fourteen scales. It evaluates learning, experience, and cognitive skills. The test was created by Charles Golden in 1981 and based on previous work by Alexander Luria that emphasizes a qualitative instead of quantitative approach. The original, adult version is for use with ages fifteen and over, while the Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for Children (LNNB-C) can be used with ages eight to twelve; both tests take two to three hours to administer. The LNNB has 269 items divided among fourteen scales, which are motor, rhythm, tactile, visual, receptive speech, expressive speech, writing, reading, arithmetic, memory, intellectual processes, pathognomonic, left hemisphere, and right hemisphere. The test is graded on scales that are correlated to regions of the brain to help identify which region may be damaged. The Luria–Nebraska has been found to be reliable and valid; it is comparable in this sense to other neuropsychological tests in its ability to differentiate between brain damage and mental illness. The test is used to diagnose and determine the nature of cognitive impairment, including the location of the brain damage, to understand the patient's brain structure and abilities, to pinpoint causes of behavior, and to help plan treatment.

Neuroepistemology is an empirical approach to epistemology—the study of knowledge in a general, philosophical sense—which is informed by modern neuroscience, especially the study of the structure and operation of the brain involving neural networks and neuronal epistemology. Philosopher Patricia Churchland has written about the topic and, in her book Brain-Wise, characterised the problem as "how meat knows". Georg Northoff, in his Philosophy of the Brain, wrote that it "focuses on direct linkage between the brain on one hand and epistemic abilities and inabilities on the other."

Randi Martin is the Elma Schneider Professor of Psychology at Rice University and Director of the T. L. L. Temple Foundation Neuroplasticity Research Laboratory. With Suparna Rajaram and Judith Kroll, Martin co-founded Women in Cognitive Science in 2001, an organization supported in part through the National Science Foundation's ADVANCE Leadership program. She is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the Society of Experimental Psychologists (SEP).

Kathryn Emma Watkins is an experimental psychologist in the Wellcome Trust centre for integrative neuroimaging at the University of Oxford and a tutorial fellow at St Anne's College, Oxford. Her research investigates the brain processes that underlie speech, language and development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carlo Semenza (neuroscientist)</span> Italian neuropsychologist and cognitive neuroscientist

Carlo Semenza is an Italian neuropsychologist and cognitive neuroscientist. Carlo Semenza’s research activity mostly contributed to the field of aphasiology, neuropsychology of language, and numerical cognition.

References

  1. ↑ https://aalfredoardila.wordpress.com/ [ user-generated source ]
  2. ↑ Roca, Alfredo Jácome (11 January 2021). "FALLECIÓ NEUROCIENTÍFICO ALFREDO ARDILA | Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  3. ↑ Ardila, Alfredo; Ostrosky-Solis, Feggy (1984). The Right Hemisphere: Neurology and Neuropsychology. ISBN   9782881241031.
  4. ↑ Ardila, Alfredo; Rosselli, Monica; Puente, Antonio E. (1994-05-31). Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Spanish Speaker. ISBN   9780306441493.
  5. ↑ Benson, David Frank; Frank Benson, D.; Ardila, Alfredo (1996). Aphasia: A Clinical Perspective. ISBN   9780195089349.
  6. ↑ Uzzell, Barbara P.; Pontón, Marcel O.; Ardila, Alfredo (2007). International Handbook of Cross-cultural Neuropsychology. ISBN   978-0805835854.
  7. ↑ Ardila, Alfredo; Ramos, Eliane (2007). Speech and Language Disorders in Bilinguals. ISBN   9781600215605.
  8. ↑ https://aalfredoardila.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/ardila-a-ostrosky-f-2012-guia-para-el-diagnostico-neuropsicologico.pdf [ user-generated source ]
  9. ↑ https://aalfredoardila.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/ardila-a-2014-aphasia-handbook-miami-fl-florida-international-university2.pdf [ user-generated source ]
  10. ↑ https://aalfredoardila.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/diccionario-de-neuropsicologc3ada-1ra-ed.pdf [ user-generated source ]
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.