Algeria–Mauritania relations

Last updated
Algeria-Mauritania relations
Algeria Mauritania Locator (cropped).png
Flag of Algeria.svg
Algeria
Flag of Mauritania.svg
Mauritania

The relationship between Algeria and Mauritania is often characterized as friendly, although there were several political standoffs between the two countries in the past. such as the Western Sahara War (1975-1991). During the War, Mauritania and Morocco together invaded the Western Sahara region, while Algeria opposed them and supported the Polisario Front. Nonetheless, weaker and poorer than Algeria in every aspect, Mauritania ceded its claims and restored ties with Algeria. [1]

Contents

Algeria has an embassy in Nouakchott while Mauritania has an embassy in Algiers.

Mauritanian Independence

Algeria supported Mauritania in the 1960s against Moroccan territorial claims, and in the early 1970s helped it leave the franc-zone and establish a national currency. Algeria also gave technical, cultural, and economic aid. Good relations ended in 1974 in clear alliance of Mauritanian interests with Morocco. Mauritania broke relations over Algerian recognition of the SDAR. [2]

Western Sahara War

The Polisario Front, supported by Algeria, fought a war against Mauritania and Morocco. The Mauritanian military, weaker in both materials and arms, was forced to renounce their claims in the Western Sahara. As for the result, Algeria and Mauritania re-invigorated their ties and became strategic partners.

Current relations

Both countries have been aiming to work and collaborate while trying not to anger Morocco, who is Algeria's fierce rival but Mauritania's important economic investor. [3] Algeria is expanding their investments to Mauritania to counter Moroccan influence. Morocco has expressed their concerns over the ties between two nations. [4]

In 2019, Algerian exports to Mauritania amounted to 1.4% of Mauritanian imports. [5]

On 8 April 2021, the SAN Express «Sète-Algiers-Nouakchott» regular shipping line between the French port of Sète and the capital cities of Algiers and Nouakchott was opened, supervised by the Algerian company «AnisFer Line». The total rotation time is 20 days. [6]

Related Research Articles

The history of Western Sahara can be traced back to the times of Carthaginian explorer Hanno the Navigator in the 5th century BC. Though few historical records are left from that period, Western Sahara's modern history has its roots linked to some nomadic groups such as the Sanhaja group, and the introduction of Islam and the Arabic language at the end of the 8th century AD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political status of Western Sahara</span>

Western Sahara, formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara, is a disputed territory claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro, which is an independence movement based in Tifariti and Bir Lehlou. The Annexation of Western Sahara by Morocco took place in two stages, in 1976 and 1979, and is considered illegal under international law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polisario Front</span> Military and political organisation in Western Sahara

The Polisario Front, Frente Polisario, Frelisario or simply Polisario, is a rebel Sahrawi nationalist liberation movement claiming Western Sahara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moktar Ould Daddah</span> President of Mauritania from 1960 to 1978

Moktar Ould Daddah was a Mauritanian politician who led the country after it gained its independence from France. Daddah served as the country's first Prime Minister from 1957 to 1961 and as its first President of Mauritania, a position he held from 1960 until he was deposed in a military coup d'etat in 1978.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sahrawis</span> People living in the western Sahara desert

The Sahrawis, or Sahrawi people, are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Sahara desert, which includes the Western Sahara, southern Morocco, much of Mauritania, and along the southwestern border of Algeria. They are of mixed Hassani Arab and Sanhaji Berber descent, as well as West African and other indigenous populations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green March</span> 1975 military event

The Green March was a strategic mass demonstration in November 1975, coordinated by the Moroccan government and military, to force Spain to hand over to Morocco the disputed, autonomous semi-metropolitan province of Spanish Sahara. The Spanish government was preparing to abandon the territory as part of the decolonization of Africa, just as it had granted independence to Equatorial Guinea in 1968. The Sahrawi people aspired to form an independent state. The demonstration of some 350,000 Moroccans advanced several kilometers into the Western Sahara territory. Morocco later gained control of most of the former Spanish Sahara, which it continues to hold.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madrid Accords</span> 1975 treaty between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania to end Spanish presence in the Sahara

The Madrid Accords, formally the Declaration of Principles on Western Sahara, was a treaty between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania setting out six principles which would end the Spanish presence in the territory of Spanish Sahara and arrange a temporary administration in the area pending a referendum.

<i>Advisory opinion on Western Sahara</i> 1975 ICJ advisory body on Western Sahara

The International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Western Sahara was a 1975 advisory, non-binding opinion by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of two questions presented to it by the UN General Assembly under Resolution 3292 regarding the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Morocco had approached the UN to adjudicate its and Mauritania's claims over the territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tiris al-Gharbiyya</span> Area of Western Sahara

Tiris al-Gharbiyya was the name for the area of Western Sahara under Mauritanian control between 1975 and 1979.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1975 United Nations visiting mission to Spanish Sahara</span>

To assist in the decolonization process of the Spanish Sahara, a colony in North Africa, the United Nations General Assembly in 1975 dispatched a visiting mission to the territory and the surrounding countries, in accordance with its resolution 3292.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Sahara conflict</span> Armed conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front

The Western Sahara conflict is an ongoing conflict between the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic/Polisario Front and the Kingdom of Morocco. The conflict originated from an insurgency by the Polisario Front against Spanish colonial forces from 1973 to 1975 and the subsequent Western Sahara War against Morocco between 1975 and 1991. Today the conflict is dominated by unarmed civil campaigns of the Polisario Front and their self-proclaimed SADR state to gain fully recognized independence for Western Sahara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Mauritania</span>

Greater Mauritania is a term for the Mauritanian irredentist claim that generally includes the Western Sahara and other Sahrawi-populated areas of the western Sahara Desert. The term was initially used by Mauritania's first President, Mokhtar Ould Daddah, as he began claiming the territory then known as Spanish Sahara even before Mauritanian independence in 1960.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Sahara War</span> 1975–1991 armed conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front

The Western Sahara War was an armed struggle between the Sahrawi indigenous Polisario Front and Morocco from 1975 to 1991, being the most significant phase of the Western Sahara conflict. The conflict erupted after the withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords, by which it transferred administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, but not sovereignty. In late 1975, the Moroccan government organized the Green March of some 350,000 Moroccan citizens, escorted by around 20,000 troops, who entered Western Sahara, trying to establish a Moroccan presence. While at first met with just minor resistance by the Polisario Front, Morocco later engaged a long period of guerrilla warfare with the Sahrawi nationalists. During the late 1970s, the Polisario Front, desiring to establish an independent state in the territory, attempted to fight both Mauritania and Morocco. In 1979, Mauritania withdrew from the conflict after signing a peace treaty with the Polisario Front. The war continued in low intensity throughout the 1980s, though Morocco made several attempts to take the upper hand in 1989–1991. A cease-fire agreement was finally reached between the Polisario Front and Morocco in September 1991. Some sources put the final death toll between 10,000 and 20,000 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Algeria–Morocco relations</span> Bilateral relations

Algeria is represented in Morocco by its embassy in Rabat; Algeria also has consulates in Rabat, Casablanca and Oujda. Morocco is represented in Algeria by an embassy in Algiers; it also has consulates in Algiers, Oran and Sidi Bel Abbès. Relations between the two North African states have been marred by several crises since their independence, particularly the 1963 Sand War, the Western Sahara War of 1975–1991, the closing of the Algeria–Morocco border in 1994, an ongoing disagreement over the political status of Western Sahara and the signing of the Israel–Morocco normalization agreement in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Mauritania (1960–1978)</span>

Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is an Arab Maghreb country in West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Morocco in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the ancient Berber Kingdom of Mauretania, which later became a province of the Roman Empire, even though the modern Mauritania covers a territory far to the south of the old Berber kingdom that had no relation with it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Mauritania (1978–1984)</span>

Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is an Arab Maghreb country in West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the ancient Berber Kingdom of Mauretania, which later became a province of the Roman Empire, even though the modern Mauritania covers a territory far to the south of the old Berber kingdom that had no relation with it.

During the late colonial period, Mauritania had few contacts with the other territories of French West Africa. At the time of the independence referendum in 1958, Mauritania's representatives on the Grand Council of the AOF remained neutral, while all other AOF members divided between the African Democratic Rally and the African Regroupment Party. Until Mauritania became independent and Morocco threatened its security, Mauritania did not participate in AOF intraterritorial political, labor, or cultural movements. Only when Mauritania's existence as a state became problematic did it seek international recognition and support.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">France–Mauritania relations</span> Bilateral relations

Relations between France and Mauritania date back to the colonial era when Mauritania was part of French West Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mauritania–Morocco relations</span> Bilateral relations

Mauritania and Morocco are both in the Maghreb, Morocco is in North Africa. The two countries have bordered each other since 1975, when Spain abandoned the Western Sahara most of which is now de facto under Moroccan control. The sovereignty of this territory remains disputed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palestine–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations</span> Bilateral relations

Official relations between the two countries of Palestine and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic do not exist, being as neither country is fully recognised internationally. Despite this, there are informal connections.

References

  1. "Mauritania - Relations with Other States of the Maghrib".
  2. United States. Defense Intelligence Agency (1979). Struggle and Stalemate in the Western Sahara. Defense Intelligence Agency. pp. 27–28.
  3. "Official: Mauritania-Algeria relations not directed against Morocco". Middle East Monitor. 22 December 2016.
  4. "Mauritania's Algeria alliance leaves Morocco out in the cold". The New Arab.
  5. "Mauritania trade balance, exports and imports by country 2019". World Bank. 2019. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  6. "Anisfer Line – Armateur algérien" . Retrieved 2021-11-24.