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The Mamluk Sultanate, also known as MamlukEgypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries. It was ruled by a military caste of mamluks headed by a sultan. The sultanate was established with the overthrow of the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt in 1250 and was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Mamluk history is generally divided into the Turkic or Bahri period (1250–1382) and the Circassian or Burji period (1382–1517), called after the predominant ethnicity or corps of the ruling Mamluks during these respective eras.
References
- ↑ Muhammad 'Abduh and Al-Waqa', m.sc thesis, Ahmad Husayn al-sawi, 1954, McGill University
- ↑ Colonialism and revolution in the Middle East, Juan Cole, Princeton University Press, 1992, page 297
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