The Alliance for Nuclear Accountability (ANA) is a network of local, regional and national organizations working collaboratively on issues of nuclear weapons production and waste cleanup. [1] Many of the local groups live downwind and downstream of the United States nuclear weapons complex sites. The member organizations are watchdogs of the Department of Energy nuclear weapons and energy programs. [2] It was founded in 1987, under the name Military Production Network. In 1997 the name was changed to the Alliance for Nuclear Accountability. [3] [4]
In 2023, ANA stakeholders met with the U.S. Office of Environmental Management. During its annual Alliance for Nuclear Accountability (ANA) DC Days, ANA members meet with government administration officials and members of Congress to discuss nuclear weapons related health, cleanup and weapons issues. [5]
Organization | City | State | Primary focus | Website |
---|---|---|---|---|
Beyond Nuclear [6] | Takoma Park | Maryland | nuclear power & weapons | beyondnuclear.org |
Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League [7] | North Myrtle Beach | North Carolina | earth stewardship, environmental democracy, social justice, and community empowerment | bredl.org |
Colorado Coalition for the Prevention of Nuclear War [8] | Denver | Colorado | nuclear disarmament | coloradocoalition.org |
Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety [9] | Santa Fe | New Mexico | effects of radioactive and other hazardous materials | nuclearactive.org |
Fernald Residents for Environmental Safety and Health (FRESH) | Ross | Ohio | clean up the Fernald Feed Materials Production Center, which made uranium pits for nuclear weapons, 1951-1989 | |
Georgia Women’s Action for New Directions (WAND) [10] | Atlanta | Georgia | climate and social justice | gawand.org |
Hanford Challenge [11] | Seattle | Washington | environment: Hanford cleanup, working for transparency including empowering whistleblowers | hanfordchallenge.org |
Healing Ourselves and Mother Earth (HOME) | North Bennington | Vermont | environment | h-o-m-e.org |
Healthy Environment Alliance of Utah (HEAL Utah) [12] | Salt Lake City | Utah | environment | HealUtah.org |
Heart of America Northwest [13] | Seattle | Washington | environment esp. re. the Handford Nuclear Reservation | hanfordcleanup.org |
JustPeace | Dallas | Texas | antiwar | |
Miamisburg Environmental Safety & Health | Springsoro | Ohio | environment esp. re. Mound Nuclear Weapons Facility. | |
Nuclear Age Peace Foundation [14] | Santa Barbara | California | nuclear disarmament | wagingpeace.org |
Nuclear Watch New Mexico [15] | Santa Fe | New Mexico | nuclear power & weapons | nukewatch.org |
Nuclear Watch South [16] | Atlanta | Georgia | environment, esp. Savannah River Site | nonukesyall.org |
Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance [17] | Oak Ridge | Tennessee | environment esp. re. Oak Ridge National Laboratory | orepa.org |
Parents Against Santa Susana Field Lab [18] | Brandeis | California | nuclear waste storage | https://parentsagainstssfl.com/ |
Peace Action [19] | (nationwide) | (US) | Peace & Justice | peaceaction.org |
Peace Farm [20] | Amarillo | Texas | nuclear weapons including Pantex | peacefarm.us |
PeaceWorks Kansas City [21] | Kansas City | Missouri | nuclear weapons and environment esp. re. Kansas City Plant | peaceworkskc.org |
Physicians for Social Responsibility [22] | (nationwide) | (US) | nuclear weapons and environment | psr.org |
Physicians for Social Responsibility – Kansas City [23] | Kansas City | Kansas | nuclear weapons and environment | kansas.psr.org |
Physicians for Social Responsibility - Los Angeles [24] | Los Angeles | California | nuclear weapons and environment | https://www.psr-la.org/ |
PRESS (Portsmouth/Piketon Residents for Environmental Safety and Security) | Portsmouth | Ohio | nuclear weapons and social justice | |
Rocky Mountain Peace & Justice Center [25] | Boulder | Colorado | nuclear weapons and social justice | rmpjc.org |
Savannah River Site Watch [26] | Columbia | South Carolina | nuclear energy | https://srswatch.org/ |
Snake River Alliance [27] | Boise | Idaho | nuclear energy | snakeriveralliance.org |
Southern Alliance for Clean Energy [28] | Knoxville | Tennessee | nuclear and renewable energy | https://cleanenergy.org/ |
Southwest Research and Information Center [29] | Albuquerque | New Mexico | environment and social justice | sric.org |
Tri-Valley Communities Against a Radioactive Environment (Tri-Valley CAREs) [30] | Livermore | California | nuclear weapons and environment | trivalleycares.org |
Women's Action for New Directions (WAND) [31] | Arlington | Massachusetts | nuclear weapons and social justice | wand.org |
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) [32] | (international) | nuclear weapons and social justice | wilpf.org |
The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by U.S. Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S. Truman signed the McMahon/Atomic Energy Act on August 1, 1946, transferring the control of atomic energy from military to civilian hands, effective on January 1, 1947. This shift gave the members of the AEC complete control of the plants, laboratories, equipment, and personnel assembled during the war to produce the atomic bomb.
Richland is a city in Benton County, Washington, United States. It is located in southeastern Washington at the confluence of the Yakima and the Columbia Rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 60,560. Along with the nearby cities of Pasco and Kennewick, Richland is one of the Tri-Cities, and is home to the Hanford nuclear site.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is one of the United States Department of Energy national laboratories, managed by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science. The main campus of the laboratory is in Richland, Washington.
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) is a non-partisan federation of national medical groups in 63 countries, representing doctors, medical students, other health workers, and concerned people who share the goal of creating a more peaceful and secure world free from the threat of nuclear annihilation. The organization's headquarters is in Malden, Massachusetts. IPPNW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985.
The Rocky Flats Plant was a U.S. manufacturing complex that produced nuclear weapons parts in the western United States, near Denver, Colorado. The facility's primary mission was the fabrication of plutonium pits, which were shipped to other facilities to be assembled into nuclear weapons. Operated from 1952 to 1992, the complex was under the control of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), succeeded by the Department of Energy (DOE) in 1977.
Helen Mary Caldicott is an Australian physician, author, and anti-nuclear advocate. She founded several associations dedicated to opposing the use of nuclear power, depleted uranium munitions, nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons proliferation, and military action in general.
The Y-12 National Security Complex is a United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration facility located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, near the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was built as part of the Manhattan Project for the purpose of enriching uranium for the first atomic bombs. It is considered the birthplace of the atomic bomb. In the years after World War II, it has been operated as a manufacturing facility for nuclear weapons components and related defense purposes.
The Kansas City National Security Campus (KCNSC), formerly known as the Kansas City Plant, is a National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) facility managed and operated by Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies that manufactures "80 percent of non-nuclear components that go into the [United States] nuclear stockpile."
The Atomic Heritage Foundation (AHF) is a nonprofit organization originally based in Washington, DC, dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of the Manhattan Project and the Atomic Age and its legacy. Founded by Cynthia Kelly in 2002, the Foundation's stated goal is, "to provide the public not only a better understanding of the past but also a basis for addressing scientific, technical, political, social and ethical issues of the 21st century." AHF works with Congress, the Department of Energy, the National Park Service, state and local governments, nonprofit organizations and the former Manhattan Project communities to preserve and interpret historic sites and develop useful and accessible educational materials for veterans, teachers, and the general public. In June 2019, the Atomic Heritage Foundation and the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History signed an agreement that granted stewardship of the Atomic Heritage Foundation website and all of the AHF's physical collections to the museum. The Atomic Heritage Foundation website is now run by the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History. Additionally, the museum now houses the Atomic Heritage Foundation's physical collections which will eventually be integrated into the Nuclear Museum's own collection.
Nuclear safety in the United States is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the United States except for nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels.
The anti-nuclear movement in the United States consists of more than 80 anti-nuclear groups that oppose nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and/or uranium mining. These have included the Abalone Alliance, Clamshell Alliance, Committee for Nuclear Responsibility, Nevada Desert Experience, Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Physicians for Social Responsibility, Plowshares Movement, Women Strike for Peace, Nukewatch, and Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Some fringe aspects of the anti-nuclear movement have delayed construction or halted commitments to build some new nuclear plants, and have pressured the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to enforce and strengthen the safety regulations for nuclear power plants. Most groups in the movement focus on nuclear weapons.
Anti-nuclear organizations may oppose uranium mining, nuclear power, and/or nuclear weapons. Anti-nuclear groups have undertaken public protests and acts of civil disobedience which have included occupations of nuclear plant sites. Some of the most influential groups in the anti-nuclear movement have had members who were elite scientists, including several Nobel Laureates and many nuclear physicists.
Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) is a physician-led organization in the US working to protect the public from the threats of nuclear proliferation, climate change, and environmental toxins. It produces and disseminates publications, provides specialized training, offers written and oral testimony to congress, conducts media interviews, and delivers professional and public education. PSR's members and e-activists, state and local chapters, student chapters, and national staff form a nationwide network that target what they consider threats to global survival, specifically nuclear warfare, nuclear proliferation, global warming, and toxic degradation of the environment.
More than 80 anti-nuclear groups are operating, or have operated, in the United States. These include Abalone Alliance, Clamshell Alliance, Greenpeace USA, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Musicians United for Safe Energy, Nevada Desert Experience, Nuclear Control Institute, Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Public Citizen Energy Program, Shad Alliance, and the Sierra Club. These are direct action, environmental, health, and public interest organizations who oppose nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power. In 1992, the chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said that "his agency had been pushed in the right direction on safety issues because of the pleas and protests of nuclear watchdog groups".
Mound Laboratory in Miamisburg, Ohio was an Atomic Energy Commission facility for nuclear weapon research during the Cold War, named after the nearby Miamisburg Indian Mound.
The Snake River Alliance (SRA) is a non-profit organization which focuses on nuclear and clean energy issues in Idaho. They are a watchdog group working to “raise community awareness about the dangers of nuclear waste, weapons and power while working to identify and promote sustainable alternatives.” The SRA does this through a number of different methods, including advocacy, collaboration, grassroots organizing, and education.
Plume is a collection of poetry, written by Kathleen Flenniken. Published in 2012 by the University of Washington Press, the poetry presents a brief history of Richland, Washington and the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. The author examines the actions of the US Department of Energy regarding the establishment and operation of Hanford, a nuclear production facility and how their actions affected the health of individuals and families living and working in or near the Reservation. While the US government assured the employees and families who lived in the area that they were safe from exposure to radioactive materials, declassified documents revealed that early protective measures were inadequate, while people were dying of radiation-induced illness. The book was a finalist for both the William Carlos Williams Award from the Poetry Society of America and the Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award, while it was the recipient of the Washington State Book Award in 2013.
Nuclear labor issues exist within the international nuclear power industry and the nuclear weapons production sector worldwide, impacting upon the lives and health of laborers, itinerant workers and their families.
Inés Ramona Triay is the executive director of the Applied Research Center (ARC) and the associate dean for research innovation and technology at the College of Engineering at Florida International University (FIU). Triay was appointed by President Obama as the 7th DOE Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management and sworn into office in May 2009. She played leading role at the Office of Environment Management (EM), which is charged with the safe and complete cleanup of the environmental legacy brought about from five decades of nuclear weapons development and government-sponsored nuclear energy research.