Alma del Banco | |
|---|---|
 Del Banco in 1897 | |
| Born | 24 December 1862 |
| Died | 8 March 1943 (aged 80) |
| Known for | Painting |
Alma Aline Henriette del Banco (1862-1943) was a German modernist painter of Jewish ancestry.
Alma del Banco | |
|---|---|
| Del Banco in 1897 | |
| Born | 24 December 1862 |
| Died | 8 March 1943 (aged 80) |
| Known for | Painting |
Alma Aline Henriette del Banco (1862-1943) was a German modernist painter of Jewish ancestry.
She came from an assimilated Jewish family. Her father, Eduard Moses del Banco (1810–1881), ran a business selling tobacco products, pig bristles, horse hair and bed feathers. Her mother, Therese Vallentin (1824–1884), was from Sweden. [1] At the age of thirty, after practicing various handicrafts, she turned to painting. From 1895 to 1905, she studied at a private women's art school operated by Valeska Röver. Her instructors there included Ernst Eitner and Arthur Illies.
At the beginning of World War I, she moved to Paris, where she studied with André Lhote and Fernand Léger. There, she was exposed to Cubism and Expressionism. She returned to Hamburg after the war and became a freelance artist. From 1919, she lived with her half-brother, Siegmund (1856-1938), who was also unmarried. [1] Later that year, she became one of the founding members of the "Hamburgische Sezession ". The following year, she joined the Deutscher Künstlerbund. [2] During the 1920s, she made numerous painting trips to Italy and the Balkans, accompanied by her fellow artist, Gretchen Wohlwill .
Going into the 1930s, her style was more detailed, and she had become a sought-after portrait painter. Unfortunately, she soon began to feel the effects of Germany's increasing Anti-Semitism. In 1933, she was excluded from participating in the "Hamburgische Künstlerschaft ". The Sezession dissolved itself, rather than expel its Jewish members. In 1937, thirteen of her paintings were confiscated from the Hamburger Kunsthalle as part of the government's "Degenerate Art" campaign. Nine were destroyed. [3] The following year, she was banned from the Reich Chamber of Culture, and was forbidden to take part in any exhibitions.
When Siegmund died, it became necessary to move. She was able to share an apartment with her brother-in-law, Hans Lübbert , a civil servant who had been forced to resign from his positions in the local fishing industry. Shortly after, she was placed under house arrest. During this time, she began to suffer from heart problems, and was too weak to consider emigrating. When she found herself facing deportation to Theresienstadt, she committed suicide with an overdose of morphine. [1]
She was interred in the Lübbert family plot at Ohlsdorf Cemetery. [4] A memorial stolperstein has been placed in front of her last residence. In 1985, a small street was named after her in Hamburg's Bergedorf district. [5]
Events from the year 1943 in art.
The Warburg family is a prominent German and American banking family of German Jewish and originally Venetian Jewish descent, noted for their varied accomplishments in biochemistry, botany, political activism, economics, investment banking, law, physics, classical music, art history, pharmacology, physiology, finance, private equity and philanthropy.
Naum Slutzky was a goldsmith, industrial designer and master craftsman of the Bauhaus. In the art history literature his first name is sometimes spelled as Nahum or Nawn.
Friederike Sophie Seyler was a German actress, playwright and librettist. Alongside Friederike Caroline Neuber, she was widely considered Germany's greatest actress of the 18th century; Gotthold Ephraim Lessing described her in his Hamburg Dramaturgy as "incontestably one of the best actresses that German theatre has ever seen."
Ludwig Erdwin Seyler was a Hamburg merchant, merchant banker and politician. He was by marriage a member of the Hanseatic Berenberg dynasty, and was a partner in the Hamburg firm Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. for 48 years (1788–1836), for 46 years as the company's senior partner. The company name was amended in 1791 to reflect him becoming a partner and has remained unchanged since; he "is practically the 'Co.' in the company name." Seyler was one of the first merchants and bankers from modern Germany to establish trade relations with the United States and East Asia. Much of the company's wealth derived from their position as leading sugar importers from the Americas to the North European market, in combination with their activities as merchants bankers. Seyler was one of Hamburg's leading merchants during the Napoleonic Wars and held several political offices. He served as a member of the French-appointed council of Hamburg and after the Napoleonic Wars as the President of the Commercial Deputation, one of the city-state's main political bodies. Ludwig Seyler was a son of the Swiss-born theatre director Abel Seyler and a son-in-law of the bankers Johann Hinrich Gossler and Elisabeth Berenberg through his marriage to their eldest daughter Anna Henriette Gossler.
Johann Hinrich Gossler was a German merchant and banker. He was married to Elisabeth Berenberg (1749–1822) and succeeded his father-in-law Johann Berenberg as head of the Berenberg & Gossler company, that was renamed Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. the year following his death. During Gossler's tenure as the company's main partner it became one of the largest merchant houses of Hamburg. Many of his descendants were prominent in Hamburg society, including his grandson, Hamburg's first mayor Hermann Gossler. Some of his descendants were later ennobled as the barons von Berenberg-Gossler. The Gossler Islands in Antarctica are named in honour of his family.
Anita Clara Rée was a German avant-garde painter during the Weimar Republic. She killed herself after the anti-Semitic government declared her work degenerate. Her works were saved by a groundskeeper.
Elisabeth Berenberg was a Hamburg heiress, merchant banker and a member of the Berenberg family. She was the last male line member of the Flemish-origined Hanseatic Berenberg banking family in Hamburg, and ancestral mother of the von Berenberg-Gossler family, the current owners of Berenberg Bank. She is also noted as the only woman ever to serve as a partner and take an active leadership role (1790–1800) at Berenberg Bank since the company was established in 1590 by her family.
Franz Nölken - 4 November 1918, near La Capelle) was a German Expressionist painter; occasionally associated with Die Brücke, an artists' society in Dresden.
Molly Cramer was a German flower, landscape and portrait painter. Trained in the old Dutch tradition, she turned to Impressionism in her later years.
Valeska Röver was a German painter. Röver started an art school for women in her home town of Hamburg.
Arthur Siebelist was a German Impressionist painter.
Helene Cramer was a German flower, landscape and portrait painter.
Carl Rodeck was a German landscape, marine and portrait painter.
Johann Wilhelm Weimar, known as Wilhelm Weimar, was a German museum scientist, draftsman, typographer and photographer.
Otto Illies was a German Expressionist landscape painter.
Dorothea "Dörte" Helm, also Dörte Helm-Heise was a German Bauhaus artist, painter and graphic designer.
Paul Kayser was a German painter and graphic artist.
Carl Gottfried Eybe (1813–1893) was a 19th-century German painter, lithographer and sculptor.
Friedrich Ludwig Heinrich Waagen also Christian Friedrich Ludwig Heinrich Waagen, Wagen or Wage) was a German portrait, history and landscape painter. Hardly anything is known about his works. However, he had acquired extensive knowledge of art, amassed a collection of paintings in Hamburg and was known to friends with or in-laws of many important personalities of his time. Gustav Friedrich Waagen (1794-1868) and Carl Waagen (1800-1873) are his sons.
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