Amanelisdze

Last updated

Amanelisdze (Georgian :ამანელისძე) were a noble family in medieval Georgia with a surge in prominence in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Georgian language official language of Georgia

Georgian is a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians. It is the official language of Georgia. Georgian is written in its own writing system, the Georgian script. Georgian is the literary language for all regional subgroups of Georgians, including those who speak other Kartvelian languages: Svans, Mingrelians and the Laz.

Kingdom of Georgia former kingdom of Georgia in the Caucasus

The Kingdom of Georgia, also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy which emerged circa 1008 AD. It reached its Golden Age of political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar the Great from 11th to 13th centuries. Georgia became one of the pre-eminent nations of the Christian East, her pan-Caucasian empire stretching, at its largest extent, from Eastern Europe and the North Caucasus to the northern portion of Iran and Anatolia, while also maintaining religious possessions abroad, such as the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem and the Monastery of Iviron in Greece. It was the principal historical precursor of present-day Georgia.

The 13th-century anonymous Georgian chronicle The Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns mentions the Amanelisdze, together with the Vardanisdze and Saghiridze, as participants of the sword-girdling ceremony of Queen Tamar upon her coronation in 1184. During Tamar's reign, the family, with the title of eristavi ("duke"), held sway over the fief of Argueti [1] [2] in western Georgia, which purportedly passed on to them from the Kakhaberidze. Upon the latter family's return to ascendancy, the Amanelisdze went in decline and disappeared from records. [3]

Tamar of Georgia Queen of Georgia

Tamar the Great reigned as the Queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age. A member of the Bagrationi dynasty, her position as the first woman to rule Georgia in her own right was emphasized by the title mepe ("king"), afforded to Tamar in the medieval Georgian sources.

Eristavi title

Eristavi was a Georgian feudal office, roughly equivalent to the Byzantine strategos and normally translated into English as "duke". In the Georgian aristocratic hierarchy, it was the title of the third rank of prince and governor of a large province. Holders of the title were ex-officio commanders of a military 'banner', wore a distinctive dress, ring, belt and spear and rode a particular breed of horse.

The Kakhaberidze, archaically Kakhaberisdze was a noble family in medieval Georgia which held sway over the highland northwestern Georgian province of Racha from the 11th or 12th century to the 13th. The Kakhaberidze were a branch of the Liparitid-Baguashi, their dynastic name being derived from its early member Kakhaber known from a few inscriptions from Racha.

According to the 20th-century Georgian historian Ivane Javakhishvili, Queen Tamar's grandson King David VI (r. 1245–1293) was married, as his first wife, to a member of the Amanelisdze family, Tamar, who mothered three sons of David, all of them subsequently reigning monarchs. Tamar's background is not mentioned in the Georgian chronicles, but she is known from the surviving contemporary charters, one of which identifies her as "the daughter of Emenelasdze", a corrupted form of Amanelisdze, as posited by Javakhishvili. [4] The anonymous author of The Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns makes reference only to David's one consort, a Palaeologian princess from Constantinople. [5]

Ivane Javakhishvili Georgian historian

Ivane Javakhishvili was a Georgian historian and a linguist whose voluminous works heavily influenced the modern scholarship of the history and culture of Georgia. He was also one of the founding fathers of the Tbilisi State University (1918) and its rector from 1919 to 1926.

David VI of Georgia King of Georgia

David VI Narin (1225–1293), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was king of Georgia in 1245–1293. From 1259 to 1293, he ruled the kingdom of Imereti under the name David I as a vassal state of Georgia.

A reign is the period of a person's or dynasty's occupation of the office of monarch of a nation, of a people or of a spiritual community. In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies there have been no limits on the duration of a sovereign's reign or incumbency, nor is there a term of office. Thus, a reign usually lasts until the monarch dies, unless the monarchy itself is abolished or the monarch abdicates or is deposed.

Related Research Articles

Tbilisi State University university

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, is a public research university established on 8 February 1918 in Tbilisi, Georgia. Excluding academies and theological seminaries, which have intermittently functioned in Georgia for centuries, TSU is the oldest university in Georgia and the Caucasus region. Over 18,000 students are enrolled and the total number of faculty and staff (collaborators) is 5,000. According to the U.S. News & World Report university rankings, TSU is ranked 359th in the world, tied with the University of Warsaw.

The Battle of Basiani was fought, in the 13th century, between the armies of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuqid Sultanate of Rum in the Basiani valley, 60 km northeast of the city of Erzurum in what is now northeast Republic of Turkey. The battle is variously dated between 1202 and 1205, but 1203 or 1204 has lately been given preference. The contemporary Muslim analyst Ibn Bibi places the battle in 598 AH. The modern Turkish historians identify the castle of Micingerd (Mazankert) as the location of the battle.

David Soslan Alan prince and a King Consort of Georgia.

David Soslan was a prince from Alania and second husband of Queen Tamar, whom he married in c. 1189. He is chiefly known for his military exploits during Georgia’s wars against its Muslim neighbors.

Vakhtang III of Georgia King of Georgia

Vakhtang III, of the dynasty of Bagrationi, was the king of Georgia from 1302 to 1308. He ruled during the Mongol dominance of Georgia.

Demna was a Georgian royal prince and pretender to the throne proclaimed as king during the failed nobles’ revolt of 1177/8.

Burdukhan, also known as Bordokhan (ბორდოხანი), was an Alan princess and queen consort of Georgia as the wife of George III, king of Georgia. She was mother of Queen Tamar, who would preside over the apogee of the medieval Georgian monarchy.

Family of David IV of Georgia

The family of David IV the Builder, King of Georgia, was part of the Bagrationi dynasty. The dynasty had made their appearance in the Georgian lands in the 8th century and succeeded in unifying several native polities into a unified kingdom by 1008. David IV concluded this process of unification, setting stage for a Georgian domination in the Caucasus.

Jigda-Khatun was a queen consort of Georgia as the first wife of King David VII Ulu.

Esukan was a queen consort of Georgia as the fourth and last wife of King David VII Ulu.

Georgian–Seljuk wars, also known as Georgian Reconquista is a long series of battles and military clashes that took place from c. 1048 until 1213, between the Kingdom of Georgia and the different Seljuqid states that occupied most of Transcaucasia. The conflict is preceded by deadly raids in the Caucasus by the Turks in the 11th century, known in Georgian historiography as the Great Turkish Invasion.

Zakaria II Mkhargrdzeli or Zakare Zakarian was a Georgian–Armenian noble and one of the generals of Queen Tamar of Georgia army during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was the ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia.

Bediani was a medieval title, or a territorial epithet, of the Dadiani, the ruling family of Mingrelia in western Georgia, derived from the canton of Bedia, in Abkhazia, and in use from the end of the 12th century into the 15th. Bediani was occasionally used as a praenomen. The extent of the fief of Bedia is difficult to define; by the latter half of the 17th century, the Shervashidze of Abkhazia had supplanted the Dadiani in that area.

Sagdukht was a 5th-century queen consort of Iberia, natively known as Kartli in eastern Georgia, as wife of King Mirdat V. She was a daughter of Barzabod, a Mihranid ruler of Gardman.

Botso Jaqeli was a Georgian nobleman of the Jaqeli family, the first to have the rank of eristavi ("duke") of Samtskhe. He lost his positions for having joined an aristocratic revolt against Queen Tamar of Georgia.

Ivane-Qvarqvare Jaqeli-Tsikhisjvareli was a Georgian nobleman of the Jaqeli family, who served as eristavi ("duke") and spasalar ("constable") of Samtskhe in the early 13th century. Rising to prominence thanks to his loyal service to Queen-Regnant Tamar of Georgia, Ivane Jaqeli's long career spanned pivotal years in the history of medieval Georgia, through the "Golden Age" to the crisis and decline under the Mongol hegemony.

The Orbeli were the powerful family in the twelfth and thirteenth century Georgia. They possessed lands in Lower Kartli, among them were Amirspasalars, Mandaturt-ukhutsesi, Atabags and later Viziers. They fled Georgia in 1177 and returned during the reign of David Ulu.

Kubasar or Qubasar was the 12th-century Georgian politician. A Georgianized Kipchak, his ancestry traced to those Turkic tribesmen from the North Caucasus steppes who had been settled in Georgia under King David IV. In sharp contrast to old, frequently rebellious Georgian feudal lords, Qubasar represented ennobled commoners and military servicemen, who gained distinction through their loyalty to the King George III whom Qubasar served as a Amirspasalar ("constable"), a post he held upon Queen Tamar’s ascend to the throne in 1184.

Ivane Zakarian was a Georgian-Armenian noble from family of Zakarids–Mkhargrdzeli and one of the main generals of Tamar's army during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was given the title of atabeg and was the ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia.

Zemo Kartli Historical Region

Zemo Kartli is a historical region in south-western Georgia, comprising the lands in the upper basin of the Kura River and Chorokhi River basin, making it subregion of greater Kartli. Until 16th century, Zemo Kartli included: Samtskhe, Javakheti, Erusheti, Artaani, Kola, Klarjeti, Shavsheti, Tao and Speri.

References

  1. ↑ Rapp, Jr, Stephen H. (2007). "Georgian Sources". In Whitby, Mary. Byzantines and Crusaders in Non-Greek Sources, 1025-1204. Oxford University Press. p. 190. ISBN   978-0-19-726378-5.
  2. ↑ Metreveli, Roin, ed. (2008). "„ასწლოვანი მატიანე"" [The Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns] (PDF). „ისტორიანი და აზმანი შარავანდედთანი“[ Kartlis Tskhovreba ] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Artanuji. pp. 402, 408.
  3. ↑ Shoshiashvili, N. (1975). "ამანელისძენი" [Amanelisdze]. ქართული საბჭოთა ენცილოპედია [Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia] (in Georgian). 1. Tbilisi. p. 349.
  4. ↑ Javakhishvili, Ivane (1982). ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III [History of the Georgian nation, volume III] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. pp. 149, 152.
  5. ↑ Toumanoff, Cyril (1949–51). "The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia". Traditio. 7: 173.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.