Edward of Woodstock, known to history as the Black Prince, was the eldest son and heir apparent of King Edward III of England. He died before his father and so his son, Richard II, succeeded to the throne instead. Edward nevertheless earned distinction as one of the most successful English commanders during the Hundred Years' War, being regarded by his English contemporaries as a model of chivalry and one of the greatest knights of his age.
Gascony was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part of the combined Province of Guyenne and Gascony. The region is vaguely defined, and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; by some they are seen to overlap, while others consider Gascony a part of Guyenne. Most definitions put Gascony east and south of Bordeaux.
Charles IV, called the Fair in France and the Bald in Navarre, was last king of the direct line of the House of Capet, King of France and King of Navarre from 1322 to 1328. Charles was the third son of Philip IV; like his father, he was known as "the fair" or "the handsome".
The House of Albret, which derives its name from the lordship (seigneurie) of Albret (Labrit), situated in the Landes, was one of the most powerful feudal families of France and Navarre during the Middle Ages.
The first phase of the Hundred Years' War between England and France lasted from 1337 to 1360. It is sometimes referred to as the Edwardian War because it was initiated by King Edward III of England, who claimed the French throne in defiance of King Philip VI of France. The dynastic conflict was caused by disputes over the French feudal sovereignty over Aquitaine and the English claims over the French royal title. The Kingdom of England and its allies dominated this phase of the war.
The War of Saint-Sardos was a short war fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France in 1324 during which the French invaded the English Duchy of Aquitaine. The war was a clear defeat for the English and led indirectly to the overthrow of Edward II of England. It can also be seen as one of the precursors to the Hundred Years' War.
This is a timeline of the Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337 to 1453 as well as some of the events leading up to the war.
The Treaty of Paris ended the Anglo-French War of 1294–1303, and was signed on 20 May 1303 between Philip IV of France and Edward I of England. Based on the terms of the treaty, Gascony was restored to England from France following its occupation during the war, thus setting the stage for the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453). Moreover, it was confirmed that Philip's daughter would marry Edward's son, as already agreed in the Treaty of Montreuil (1299).
Amanieu V was the Lord of Albret from 1209 to 1255. He was the son of Amanieu IV, lord of Albret, and participated in the Albigensian Crusade, being at the siege of Termes in 1210.
Arnaud Amanieu was the Lord of Albret from 1358.
Bernard Ezi II was the Lord of Albret from 1324 to 1358 and the son of Amanieu VII.
Charles II d'Albret (1407–1471) was a French magnate, administrator, and soldier.
Amanieu II was the Archbishop of Auch. Elected in 1261, he received consecration at Rome from Pope Urban IV in 1263.
Bérard d’Albret, lord of Vayres and Vertheuil was a cadet member of the House of Albret in Gascony and an English commander during the Hundred Years War.
The Hundred Years' War was a series of armed conflicts fought between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from English claims to the French throne initially made by Edward III of England. The war grew into a broader military, economic and political struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fueled by emerging nationalism on both sides. The periodization of the war typically charts it as taking place over 116 years. However, it was an intermittent conflict which was frequently interrupted by external factors, such as the Black Death, and several years of truces.
Amanieu VI was a French nobleman, the Lord of Albret. The lordship (seigneurie) of Albret, in the Landes, gave its name to one of the most powerful feudal families of France in the Middle Ages. One of Amanieu’s descendants became king of Navarre; a later descendant was Henry IV, king of France.
The Anglo-French War was a conflict between 1294–98 and 1300–03 revolved around Gascony. The Treaty of Paris (1303) ended the conflict.
The siege of Tartas in Gascony was an engagement between English and French forces in the late stages of the Hundred Years' War. It was undertaken by English forces and their Gascon subjects against Charles II of Albret, a powerful nobleman in southwestern France. Albret was hostile to the English and his presence in Gascony caused much trouble to the English in the region, thereby raising the need to strike against him. The bulk of hostilities only lasted up until early 1441: the siege had dragged on inconclusively, and peace terms were agreed between the attackers and defenders. The ceasefire was extended several times until mid-1442 as both sides awaited further support from England and France.
The Gascon campaign of 1294 to 1303 was a military conflict between English and French forces over the Duchy of Aquitaine, including the Duchy of Gascony. The Duchy of Aquitaine was held in fief by King Edward I of England as a vassal of King Philip IV of France. Starting with a fishing fleet dispute and then naval warfare, the conflict escalated to open warfare between the two countries. In spite of a French military victory on the ground, the war ended when the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1303, which restored the status quo. The war was a premise to future tensions between the two nations culminating in the Hundred Years' War.
Barrau de Sescas was a Gascon knight in English service. In 1295 he became the first person to be appointed to the position of admiral by an English King, after Edward I appointed him Admiral of the Fleet of Bayonne. Barrau served in that role during the Anglo-French War of 1294–1303 escorting merchant convoys and breaking a French blockade to provide supplies to the besieged fortresses of Bourg and Blaye. Later in the war he served with Edward's royal household during the king's 1297–1298 expedition to Flanders. In 1299 he became joint lieutenant of Gascony, a titular position as it was then under French occupation. After the 1303 Treaty of Paris restored Gascony to the English Barrau was appointed castellan of Bayonne and bailiff of Labourd, serving until 1304.
