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The Amazonian Trapeze or Leticia Trapeze is a geographical corridor located in the extreme south of the Amazonas Department of Colombia, which constitutes the southernmost part of the country and allows it to have banks on the Amazon River. At this end of the department, which extends like a peninsula between Brazil and Peru, is the departmental capital of Leticia.
The Amazon Trapeze, which emerges from a vaster territory to the north, is one of two parts of the Amazonas Department in Colombia. The Amazon Trapeze is located between the Putumayo River to the north and the Amazon River to the south, and between the border with Brazil to the east and the border with Peru to the west. Thus, a trapezoidal strip of about 50 km in the Putumayo and 100 km in the Amazon and 150 km in length between both rivers is formed. The trapezoidal shape gives the name to this Colombian geographic arm.
The Amazon Trapeze is also the location of the Amacayacu National Park, which contains a great wealth of fauna and flora and one of the main objectives of national and international ecotourism.
The trapeze was originally part of a larger disputed territory between Colombia and Peru, through which the former sought a direct exit towards the Amazon River. During the territorial dispute, the Peruvian government in the town of Leticia established the Colony of Leticia, also known as the Colony of San Antonio, a project through which the area would be inhabited by Peruvian citizens and thus oppose Colombian claims over the territory. [1] [2] The region's current borders came into existence as a result of the Salomón–Lozano Treaty signed between Colombia and Peru in 1922, which established the modern Colombia–Peru border, ending a longstanding dispute that existed since the independence of both states. [3] Local dissatisfaction with the treaty, however, led up to the Colombia–Peru War in 1932, the last conflict between both states. [4]
Once hostilities between both states met a final end, the first arrival of Colombian settlers took place in 1930. [1]
The Colombian towns of Leticia (capital of the department of Amazonas) and Puerto Nariño, both on the banks of the Amazon River, and the city of Tarapacá on the banks of the Putumayo River, are all in the Trapeze. Also in the region are protected indigenous settlements.
Leticia is the southernmost city in the Republic of Colombia, capital of the department of Amazonas, Colombia's southernmost town and one of the major ports on the Amazon river. It has an elevation of 96 meters (315') above sea level and an average temperature of 27 °C (80.6 °F). Leticia has long been Colombia's shipping point for tropical fish for the aquarium trade. Leticia has a population of 33,503 located on the left bank of the Amazon river at the point where the borders of Colombia, Brazil and Peru meet in an area called Tres Fronteras.
Amazonas is a state of Brazil, located in the North Region in the north-western corner of the country. It is the largest Brazilian state by area and the ninth-largest country subdivision in the world. It is the largest country subdivision in South America, being greater than the areas of Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay combined. Mostly located in the Southern Hemisphere, Amazonas is the third-largest country subdivision in the Southern Hemisphere after the Australian states of Western Australia and Queensland. Located entirely in the Western Hemisphere, it is the fourth-largest country subdivision in the Western Hemisphere after Greenland, Nunavut, and Alaska. If independent, Amazonas could become the sixteenth-largest country in the world, slightly larger than Mongolia. Neighbouring states are Roraima, Pará, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, and Acre. It also borders the nations of Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. This includes the Departments of Amazonas, Vaupés and Guainía in Colombia, as well as the Amazonas state in Venezuela, and the Loreto Region in Peru.
Loreto is Peru's northernmost department and region. Covering almost one-third of Peru's territory, Loreto is by far the nation's largest department, slightly larger than Japan; it is also one of the most sparsely populated regions due to its remote location in the Amazon Rainforest. Its capital is Iquitos.
The Second Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, known locally as the War of '41, was a South American border war fought between 5–31 July 1941. It was the first of three military conflicts between Ecuador and Peru during the 20th century.
The Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute was a territorial dispute between Ecuador and Peru, which, until 1928, also included Colombia. The dispute had its origins on each country's interpretation of what Real Cedulas Spain used to precisely define its colonial territories in the Americas. After independence, all of Spain's colonial territories signed and agreed to proclaim their limits in the basis of the principle of uti possidetis juris, which regarded the Spanish borders of 1810 as the borders of the new republics. However, conflicting claims and disagreements between the newly formed countries eventually escalated to the point of armed conflicts on several occasions.
El Encanto is a town and municipality in the Amazonas Department of Colombia. It is located in the mouth of the Caraparaná River, a tributary of the Putumayo River (Içá). El Encanto can be reached by air or river. The local navy base has a runway available only to military and official planes, established during the Colombia-Peru War. By river the closest towns with airport access are Puerto Arturo, Peru from downstream, and Puerto Leguízamo upstream.
The Colombia–Peru War, also called the Leticia War, was a short-lived armed conflict between Colombia and Peru over territory in the Amazon rainforest that lasted from September 1, 1932, to May 24, 1933. In the end, an agreement was reached to divide the disputed area between both countries.
The Salomón–Lozano Treaty was signed in July 1922 by representatives Fabio Lozano Torrijos, of Colombia and Alberto Salomón Osorio of Peru. The fourth in a succession of treaties on the Colombian-Peruvian disputes over land in the upper Amazon region, it was intended to be a comprehensive settlement of the long border dispute between the two countries.
The border between Brazil and Colombia is 1,644.2 km (1,021.7 mi) long. The boundary was delimited in two treaties:
This is a timeline of Amazon history, which dates back at least 11,000 years ago, when humans left indications of their presence in Caverna da Pedra Pintada.
Julio César Arana del Águila, was a Peruvian entrepreneur and politician. A major figure in the rubber industry in the upper Amazon basin, he is probably best known in the English-speaking world through Walt Hardenburg's 1909 articles in the British magazine Truth, accusing him of practices that amounted to a terroristic reign of slavery over the natives of the region. A company of which he was the general manager, the Peruvian Amazon Company, was investigated by a commission in 1910 on which Roger Casement served. He was appointed its liquidator in September 1911. He later blamed the downfall of the company on the British directors for neglecting to manage the Peruvian staff, of whom he was chief. Arana was the main perpetrator of the Putumayo genocide: where his company exploited and exhausted Indigenous populations to death, in exchange for rubber.
The Brasilia Presidential Act, also known as the Fujimori–Mahuad Treaty, is an international treaty signed in Brasilia by the then President of Ecuador, Jamil Mahuad and then President of Peru, Alberto Fujimori, which effectively put an end to the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute.
The Colombianization of Leticia, Putumayo and Caquetá is the name used to designate a process of transculturation or acculturation of the areas recognized under the sovereignty of Colombia, with the purpose of transplanting Colombian cultural traditions, in replacement of those cultivated in Peru.
The Sucumbíos Triangle is a territorial zone in Ecuador, located between the Putumayo river to the north and San Miguel river to the south. It belonged to Peru as a de jure international exclave between 1922 and 1942, until it was ceded to Ecuador after the Rio de Janeiro Protocol of 1942, forming today part of its border with Colombia.
The Battle of La Pedrera was a conflict between Peru and Colombia that took place from 10–12 July 1911 in a disputed area surrounding the Putumayo River as part of a larger territorial dispute between both countries.
The Protocol of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation and Additional Act Between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Peru, also known simply as the Rio Protocol, was an international agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro between Colombia and Peru on May 24, 1934.
The Battle of Buenos Aires was a military confrontation that occurred on March 18, 1933, during the Colombia–Peru War where a group of soldiers from the Colombian Army and Air Force attacked the Peruvian post of Buenos Aires, located in the Amazon Trapeze, today part of the Colombian Department of Amazonas. The event occurred a month after the Battle of Tarapacá.
The Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute was a territorial dispute between Colombia and Peru, which, until 1916, also included Ecuador. The dispute had its origins on each country's interpretation of what Real Cedulas Spain used to precisely define its possessions in the Americas. After independence, all of Spain's former territories signed and agreed to proclaim their limits in the basis of the principle of uti possidetis juris, which regarded the Spanish borders of 1810 as the borders of the new republics. However, conflicting claims and disagreements between the newly formed countries eventually escalated to the point of armed conflicts on several occasions.
The South American territorial disputes are the territorial disputes and litigations that have developed in South America since the aftermath of the continent's wars of independence, which have shaped the current political geography of the region. These conflicts have been resolved through both military and diplomatic means. The most recent conflict in the Americas of this nature was the Cenepa War in 1995, between Ecuador and Peru.
Alberto Salomón Osorio was a Peruvian diplomat and politician.