Founded in 1970, the American Society of Forensic Odontology (ASFO) promotes interest and research in the field of forensic odontology (forensic dentistry). Prior to the formation of the ASFO, involvement in forensic odontology was limited to those dentists who were affiliated with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) or other law enforcement and scientific organizations such as the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Credited as one of the founders of the ASFO, Colonel Robert Boyers of the AFIP recognized the need to provide such inclusive opportunity for education and advancement in the field for all interested individuals. [1] [2]
As membership in the ASFO began to grow in the 1970s, the decision was made to meet annually in conjunction with the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Sponsorship of the scientific session at the annual meeting provided the opportunity for newer, less experienced members to meet and interact with more experienced peers. Additionally, the joint meeting provided individuals from a variety of forensic disciplines a chance to become familiar with forensic odontology and the ASFO organization. Membership has continued to grow and now includes over 480 active members making it one of the largest worldwide organizations dedicated to this forensic discipline. Membership in the ASFO remains open to any individual interested in developing their knowledge of forensic odontology. [3]
In 1980, Drs. Robert Siegel and Norman Sperber compiled the ASFO Forensic Odontology Workbook. Over the years, many Society members contributed to this effort which led to the publishing of the "Manual of Forensic Odontology". [2] Currently in the fifth edition, this manual provides a general reference for forensic dentists and others studying the science. This reference manual covers a wide variety of subjects encompassed in forensic odontology some of which include: human identification, bite mark analysis, abuse and neglect as well as current technology and advancements in the field matter.
In addition to the annual scientific session, the ASFO provides various opportunities for continuing education through course listings and online case presentations. To encourage further investiagion in the field, research grants are available through the ASFO Research Committee through an application process available online. Links to other significant forensic organizations are also provided on the ASFO web site. [1] [4] [5]
The objective of this Society shall be to advance the cause of forensic dentistry and to develop and maintain the highest standards of practice. This shall be done via study, discussion, seminars, publications and liaison with other organized agencies.
Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial area. Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint and other supporting, muscular, lymphatic, nervous, vascular, and anatomical structures.
A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.
Forensic dentistry or forensic odontology is the application of dental knowledge to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. Forensic dentists are involved in assisting investigative agencies to identify recovered human remains in addition to the identification of whole or fragmented bodies; forensic dentists may also be asked to assist in determining age, race, occupation, previous dental history and socioeconomic status of unidentified human beings.
The British Dental Association (BDA) is the professional association and registered trade union organisation for dentists in the United Kingdom.
The UCLA School of Dentistry is the dental school of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) located in the Center for Health Sciences building in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. The school has several educational and training programs, conducts oral and dental health research, and offers affordable dental care at three locations: Westwood, Venice, and Inglewood. The school also participates in several outreach endeavors, including numerous health fairs during the year, STEM pipeline programs and provides dental care for underserved populations in the region. The School of Dentistry is considered among the nation's best research-intensive dental schools.
Reidar Sognnaes was Dean of the Harvard School of Dental Medicine, founding Dean of the UCLA School of Dentistry and scholar in the field of oral pathology.
The University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine is the dental school of the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt). It is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is one of Pitt’s six schools of the health sciences and one of several dental schools in Pennsylvania. It is closely affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The School of Dental Medicine accepted 3.6% of applicants for the class of 2016, a record low for the school's entire history.
Dentistry throughout the world is practiced differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.
FDI World Dental Federation was established in Paris in 1900 as the Fédération Dentaire Internationale and is the world's leading organization representing the dental profession. It serves as the principal representative body for over one million dentists worldwide, developing health policy and continuing education programmes, speaking as a unified voice for dentistry in international advocacy, and supporting member associations in oral health promotion activities worldwide. FDI’s membership includes over 200 national member associations and specialist groups in some 130 countries.
The Melbourne Dental School is one of the graduate schools of the University of Melbourne. In addition to the 4-year graduate dental program, Melbourne offers speciality training programs combined with the Doctor of Clinical Dentistry degree, advanced training programs, and research degrees including M.Sc. and Ph.D. programs. According to the QS World Rankings, it is the highest ranking Dental School in Australia and often ranks amongst the top 25 in the world.
The American Dental Education Association (ADEA), founded in 1923 as the American Association of Dental Schools, is a non-profit association representing academic dentistry and based in Washington, D.C. It is known as The Voice of Dental Education.
In the United States and Canada, there are twelve recognized dental specialties in which some dentists choose to train and practice, in addition to or instead of general dentistry. In the United Kingdom and Australia, there are thirteen.
The American Dental Society of Anesthesiology (ADSA) is an American professional association established in 1953 and based in Chicago.
Holistic dentistry also called biological dentistry, biologic dentistry, alternative dentistry, unconventional dentistry, or biocompatible dentistry is the equivalent of complementary and alternative medicine for dentistry. Although the holistic dental community is diverse in its practices and approaches, common threads include strong opposition to the use of amalgam in materials in dental fillings, nonsurgical approaches to gum disease, and the belief that root canals may endanger systemic health of the patient through the spread of trapped dental bacteria to the body. Many dentists who use these terms also regard water fluoridation unfavorably.
The Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry is a leading university for dentistry in Russia. The university's history dates back to the emergence of dental schools in Russia in the 19th century.
The Pierre Fauchard Academy is a volunteer-run, non-profit dental organization that was founded by Elmer S. Best, a dentist from Minnesota in 1936. The objective is the independence from commercial interests in dental research and its publications. Elmer Best endeavored to raise the professional standards. The Academy is named after Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761), a French dentist who is considered the "Father of modern dentistry". Fauchard wrote a book entitled Le Chirurgien dentiste, ou Traité des dents, the first dental textbook of modern times.
The Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir(FMDM) is a dental school in Monastir, Tunisia. It is the first school to be established within the University of Monastir, and it is the only institution for dental studies in the country.
Human identification by forensic scientists can be done by three primary methods; Friction Ridge Analysis, DNA analysis and Comparative Dental Analysis which is one of the roles of a forensic odontologist. It is the process of identification by a post-mortem (PM) dental examination of a deceased individual comparing these findings with the antemortem (AM) dental records, radiographs, study casts, etc. Believed to be those of the individual implicated assessing the concordance and/or discrepancy of the comparison of results.Teeth are resilient, and along with the highly specific and unique type, location and configuration of restorations, might be the only features used for the identification of bodies found in burnt, decomposed, skeletonised, or macerated condition.